Speed of sound - Quiz
Speed of sound
  • 1. What does Young's modulus replace in the formula for shear waves to calculate the speed of sound in long rods?
A) Density
B) Poisson's ratio
C) Shear modulus
D) Bulk modulus
  • 2. In the formula for the speed of sound in a fluid, what does K represent?
A) Young's modulus
B) Bulk modulus
C) Kinetic energy
D) Kelvin temperature
  • 3. What is the approximate speed of sound in fresh water at 20 °C?
A) 1550 m/s
B) 1400 m/s
C) 1500 m/s
D) 1481 m/s
  • 4. How does a change of 1 °C affect the speed of sound in seawater?
A) Approximately 1 m/s
B) Approximately 10 m/s
C) Approximately 4 m/s
D) Approximately 0.07 m/s
  • 5. How does a change of 1‰ in salinity affect the speed of sound in seawater?
A) Approximately 2 m/s
B) Approximately 4 m/s
C) Approximately 0.5 m/s
D) Approximately 1 m/s
  • 6. What is the primary reason the speed of sound increases at great depths in the ocean?
A) Decreasing salinity
B) Decreasing density
C) Increasing temperature
D) Increasing pressure
  • 7. In the Mackenzie equation for the speed of sound in seawater, what does the variable S represent?
A) Sound frequency
B) Standard error
C) Salinity
D) Surface area
  • 8. Which of the following is identified as a factor that does NOT typically contribute to the speed of sound in seawater?
A) Salinity
B) Pressure
C) Air bubbles
D) Temperature
  • 9. Why does the speed of sound in long rods differ from homogeneous 3-dimensional solids?
A) Thermal expansion
B) Poisson's ratio
C) Surface tension
D) Young's modulus
  • 10. What is the standard error of the Mackenzie equation for salinity between 25 and 40 ppt?
A) 1.448 m/s
B) 1500.235 m/s
C) 0.070 m/s
D) 4.591 m/s
  • 11. What does Kundt's tube measure?
A) The speed of light in a vacuum
B) The frequency of a tuning fork
C) The speed of sound in a small volume
D) The density of various gases
  • 12. What is the primary advantage of using a Kundt's tube?
A) It can measure the speed of sound in any gas
B) It is the only method to measure sound in liquids
C) It provides results at room temperature instantly
D) It does not require any power source
  • 13. How are nodes and antinodes made visible in a Kundt's tube experiment?
A) By using a laser
B) By using a chemical dye
C) By using a digital sensor
D) By using a powder
  • 14. What does a tuning fork and a pipe in water measure?
A) Resonance and speed of sound
B) The temperature of the air column
C) The weight of the water barrel
D) The pressure of the gas
  • 15. Why is it best to find two or more points of resonance in the pipe experiment?
A) To increase the frequency of the tuning fork
B) Because the antinodal point is slightly outside the mouth of the pipe
C) Because the pipe vibrates too much
D) To ensure the water is cold enough
  • 16. What is the standard formula for the speed of sound mentioned in the text?
A) v = f + λ
B) v = f/λ
C) v = fλ
D) v = λ/f
  • 17. What is a negative side effect of using chemical desiccants to dry air?
A) It removes too much oxygen
B) It contaminates the sample
C) It makes the air explosive
D) It increases the temperature
  • 18. What happens when air is dried cryogenically?
A) Carbon dioxide is removed
B) The air becomes warmer
C) The pressure increases significantly
D) Nitrogen is completely removed
  • 19. According to the 2002 review, who performed the most probable measurement of the speed of sound?
A) Kundt
B) The text does not name them
C) Smith and Harlow
D) Newton and Boyle
  • 20. What equipment did Smith and Harlow use in their 1963 experiment?
A) A cylindrical resonator
B) A diffraction grating
C) A Kundt's tube
D) A water-filled barrel
  • 21. At what temperature were the experiments by Smith and Harlow performed?
A) 100 °C
B) 30 °C
C) 20 °C
D) 0 °C
  • 22. What is the most significant factor affecting the speed of sound in air?
A) Humidity
B) Frequency
C) Temperature
D) Pressure
  • 23. To what mathematical property is the speed of sound proportional regarding absolute temperature?
A) Cube root
B) Square root
C) Inverse square
D) Linear increase
  • 24. At what temperature condition does the humidity effect on sound speed increase significantly?
A) High temperature
B) Low temperature
C) Standard pressure
D) Zero degrees Celsius
  • 25. How significant is the influence of frequency on the speed of sound in practical applications?
A) Highly significant
B) Normally insignificant
C) Negligible only at high altitudes
D) Dominant
  • 26. What is the status of the speed of sound for audible frequencies above 100 Hz?
A) Increasing linearly
B) Highly variable
C) Decreasing rapidly
D) Relatively constant
  • 27. Standard values for the speed of sound are quoted in the limit of which frequencies?
A) Low frequencies
B) High frequencies
C) Variable frequencies
D) Ultrasound
  • 28. In which type of substance does sound typically travel the slowest?
A) Solids
B) Plasmas
C) Liquids
D) Gases
  • 29. Which material is mentioned as allowing sound to travel at 12,000 m/s?
A) Copper
B) Iron
C) Tin
D) Diamond
  • 30. What is the ratio of an object's speed to the speed of sound called?
A) Mach number
B) Adiabatic index
C) Elastic modulus
D) Refractive index
  • 31. Who correctly explained the discrepancy in Newton's calculation of the speed of sound?
A) Pierre-Simon Laplace
B) William Derham
C) Robert Boyle
D) Marin Mersenne
  • 32. What does the symbol 'c' represent in the equations for the speed of sound?
A) Constant
B) Celsius
C) Celeritas
D) Compressibility
  • 33. In a dispersive medium, what determines the speed of energy transport?
A) Phase velocity
B) Group velocity
C) Sound frequency
D) Density of the medium
  • 34. Which variable represents the exponential coefficient based on ground surface roughness?
A) h
B) γ
C) ζ
D) U(0)
  • 35. Why does sound travel faster in monatomic gases than in diatomic gases of the same mass?
A) They are denser
B) They have fewer atoms
C) They have a higher gamma (γ)
D) They have lower pressure
  • 36. What percentage of the mean molecular speed does sound travel at in monatomic gases?
A) 68%
B) 70%
C) 50%
D) 75%
  • 37. What factor causes the difference in sound velocity between helium and deuterium?
A) Pressure variations
B) Adiabatic compression differences
C) Molecular weight differences
D) Atmospheric density
  • 38. What device senses stagnation pressure on an aircraft?
A) Thermometer
B) Pitot tube
C) Barometer
D) Altimeter
  • 39. Who made the earliest reasonably accurate estimate of the speed of sound in air?
A) Albert Einstein
B) William Derham
C) Isaac Newton
D) Galileo Galilei
  • 40. What instrument did Derham use to measure time intervals?
A) A half-second pendulum
B) A digital stopwatch
C) A water clock
D) A sundial
  • 41. How was the distance of the shotgun blast determined in Derham's experiment?
A) Sonar
B) Radar
C) Estimating pace
D) Triangulation
  • 42. In the simple timing method using two microphones, what is the distance between the microphones called?
A) Signal range
B) Velocity span
C) Microphone basis
D) Sound path
  • 43. In the formula v = x/t for speed, what does 't' represent?
A) The temperature of the air
B) The total duration of the experiment
C) The time delay between signals at the two microphones
D) The distance of the sound source
  • 44. What modern device allows the shotgun timing method to be performed over shorter distances?
A) Microscope
B) Stopwatch
C) Compass
D) Calculator
  • 45. In the context of earthquakes, what are pressure waves commonly called?
A) S-waves
B) R-waves
C) L-waves
D) P-waves
  • 46. In the context of earthquakes, what are shear waves commonly called?
A) P-waves
B) T-waves
C) S-waves
D) M-waves
  • 47. What variable represents density in the sound velocity equations?
A) ρ
B) ν
C) E
D) K
  • 48. What symbol represents Poisson's ratio?
A) ν
B) E
C) K
D) G
  • 49. What provides the pressure in a plasma according to the text?
A) Electrons
B) Ions
C) Protons
D) Neutrons
  • 50. What provides the density in a plasma according to the text?
A) Magnetic fields
B) Electrons
C) Photons
D) Ions
  • 51. What couples the pressure and density in a plasma?
A) Thermal conduction
B) A constant magnetic field
C) A fluctuating electric field
D) Gravity
  • 52. What is another name for the 'deep sound channel' in the ocean?
A) Refraction zone
B) SOFAR channel
C) Acoustic vacuum
D) Thermal layer
  • 53. What project used atmospheric sound effects to detect a nuclear explosion?
A) Project Plasma
B) Project Mars
C) Project Mogul
D) Project SOFAR
  • 54. In the plasma formula, what does Z represent?
A) The atom count
B) The zero-point energy
C) The impedance
D) The charge state
  • 55. On Mars, does higher frequency sound travel faster or slower than lower frequency sound?
A) At the same speed
B) Slower
C) It stops moving
D) Faster
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