Hevea brasiliensis - Quiz
Hevea brasiliensis
  • 1. Which substance has been heavily used on rubber plantations in Malaysia due to its toxicity to insects, bacteria, and fungi?
A) Pseudocercospora ulei
B) Cyanogenic glycosides
C) Arsenic trioxide
D) Linamarase
  • 2. What is the primary threat to Southeast Asian rubber trees mentioned by Charles C. Mann?
A) Arsenic soil poisoning
B) Over-harvesting of latex
C) Lack of nitrogen in the soil
D) South American leaf blight
  • 3. What is the scientific name for the fungus causing South American leaf blight?
A) Hevea brasiliensis
B) Bagarius
C) Linamarin
D) Pseudocercospora ulei
  • 4. Where are cyanogenic glycosides primarily concentrated in Hevea brasiliensis?
A) Leaves
B) Roots
C) Seeds
D) Bark
  • 5. What happens to the rubber tree when it produces more cyanogenic glycosides regarding fungal pathogens?
A) It becomes fully immune to the fungus
B) It produces more latex to fight the fungus
C) It grows faster to outpace the infection
D) It suffers worse from Pseudocercospora ulei
  • 6. What is a potential reason why cyanogenic glycosides might be detrimental to the rubber tree?
A) They prevent photosynthesis
B) They consume all available water
C) They attract more insects
D) Cyanide may inhibit other defensive metabolites
  • 7. What elements in cyanogenic glycosides are recycled for growth and latex production?
A) Carbon and nitrogen
B) Phosphorus and potassium
C) Oxygen and hydrogen
D) Sulfur and magnesium
  • 8. Under what condition do cyanogenic glycosides become an attractive nitrogen store for the plant?
A) When the plant is exposed to excessive sunlight
B) When the plant produces too much latex
C) When the plant is infected by bacteria
D) When the plant is light-deprived
  • 9. Which enzyme is responsible for the hydrolysis of linamarin in Hevea brasiliensis?
A) Linamarase
B) Lovastatin
C) Alpha-hydroxynitrile
D) Pseudocercospora
  • 10. Why does linamarase fail to act upon linustatin?
A) Linustatin is too toxic
B) Linustatin is a protein
C) Linustatin is a diglucoside
D) Linustatin is not present in the cytoplasm
  • 11. What substance inhibits the linamarase cleavage of linamarin?
A) Arsenic trioxide
B) Glucose
C) Lovastatin
D) Cyanide
  • 12. In rural Malaysia, what are rubber seeds commonly used to make?
A) Fertilizer
B) Toys
C) Fuel
D) Jewelry
  • 13. What is the name of the Malay dish made from rubber seeds?
A) Gulai asam rong
B) Rubber seed porridge
C) Kenerak stew
D) Patin curry
  • 14. Which fish is commonly used in the preparation of gulai asam rong?
A) Salmon
B) Cod
C) Tuna
D) Patin
  • 15. What is the process of preparing rubber seeds for food involve before stewing?
A) Boiling in water for several hours
B) Soaking in arsenic to remove toxins
C) Frying in rubber tree oil
D) Sun-drying, cracking shells, and pounding into a meal
  • 16. In which Malaysian regions did local communities begin foraging rubber seeds for food?
A) Kuala Lumpur and Selangor
B) Penang and Kedah
C) Johor and Malacca
D) Jerantut and Temerloh in Pahang
  • 17. Which plant family does Hevea brasiliensis belong to?
A) Fabaceae
B) Asteraceae
C) Rosaceae
D) Euphorbiaceae
  • 18. What is the primary natural source of rubber derived from Hevea brasiliensis?
A) Leaf sap
B) Seed oil
C) Bark resin
D) Milky latex
  • 19. Where is the Hevea brasiliensis tree originally native to?
A) Southeast Asia
B) Central Africa
C) Northern Australia
D) Amazon basin
  • 20. What is the maximum height a wild Hevea brasiliensis tree can reach?
A) 43 metres
B) 25 metres
C) 60 metres
D) 10 metres
  • 21. How many leaflets do the leaves of Hevea brasiliensis have?
A) Seven
B) Five
C) One
D) Three
  • 22. How does the fruit of the rubber tree open when ripe?
A) Explosively
B) It remains closed
C) Slowly by rotting
D) By falling to the ground
  • 23. In what direction do the latex vessels spiral up the tree?
A) Left-handed helix
B) Horizontal circles
C) Right-handed helix
D) Vertical straight lines
  • 24. What angle do the latex vessels form with the horizontal?
A) 45 degrees
B) 90 degrees
C) 15 degrees
D) 30 degrees
  • 25. At what age are rubber trees generally cut down in plantations?
A) 100 years
B) 5 to 10 years
C) 25 to 30 years
D) 50 to 60 years
  • 26. What is the minimum annual rainfall required by the rubber tree?
A) 2,000 mm
B) 500 mm
C) 1,200 mm
D) 100 mm
  • 27. How many years does it take for a rubber tree to deliver its first harvest?
A) Fifteen to twenty years
B) Thirty years
C) One to two years
D) Seven to ten years
  • 28. What is the purpose of harvesting the wood of the rubber tree in recent decades?
A) Paper production
B) Furniture making
C) Construction of houses
D) Fuel for burning
  • 29. What discovery in 1839 triggered the rubber boom?
A) Tapping technology
B) Vulcanization procedure
C) Latex refining
D) Synthetic polymerization
  • 30. Which Brazilian province inspired the early name 'pará rubber tree'?
A) Bahia
B) Mato Grosso
C) Amazonas
D) Grão-Pará
  • 31. What is the term for the latex extracted from the tree in Peru?
A) Seringa
B) Caucho
C) Latex-bruto
D) Rubber-sap
  • 32. Which ancient civilization extracted rubber from Castilla elastica?
A) Aztec
B) Maya
C) Olmec
D) Inca
  • 33. Where were the first 12 seedlings of H. brasiliensis germinated in 1873?
A) Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
B) Iquitos, Peru
C) Botanical gardens in Singapore
D) Botanical gardens at Buitenzorg
  • 34. Who was responsible for smuggling 70,000 seeds to Kew in 1875?
A) British colonial governors
B) Dutch botanists
C) Henry Wickham
D) The Olmec traders
  • 35. What were used to transport the 2,000 seedlings to Ceylon in 1876?
A) Wardian cases
B) Canvas sacks
C) Glass jars
D) Wooden crates
  • 36. In what year were rubber trees introduced to the botanical gardens at Buitenzorg, Java?
A) 1876
B) 1883
C) 1913
D) 1898
  • 37. Which country was NOT mentioned as a top rubber producer in 2011?
A) Vietnam
B) Thailand
C) Brazil
D) Indonesia
  • 38. What were the rubber balls used for in Mesoamerica?
A) Religious offerings
B) Storage containers
C) The Mesoamerican ballgame
D) Shoe soles
  • 39. What happened to the first 12 seedlings sent to India?
A) They died
B) They thrived
C) They were lost at sea
D) They were stolen
  • 40. Which ethnic group served as the dominant workforce in Malaya's rubber production by the early 20th century?
A) African laborers
B) British soldiers
C) Local indigenous tribes
D) Chinese field workers
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