Netwo1 Midterm- Reviewer TwT

1. This refers to the process of sending and receiving digital or analog data between devices over a network.

A) TCP/IP Models
B) Data transmission
C) OSI Layer
D) e Communication Protocols

2. Why Are Communication Protocols Important?. Except

A) Ensure data integrity, security, and proper sequencing.
B) Increase network speed regardless of hardware limitations.
C) Enable interoperability between different network devices.
D) Define rules for data exchange.

3. This is the process of adding headers (and sometimes trailers) to data as it moves down the OSI/TCP-IP layers.

A) Encapsulation
B) De-Encapsulation

4. TCP/IP model has how many layers?

A) seven layers (Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data Link, Network Access)
B) four layers (Application, Transport, Internet, Presentation)
C) four layers (Application, Transport, Internet, Network Access)
D) seven layers (Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data Link, Physical)

5. Happens at the receiving end, where headers and trailers are stripped off at each layer

A) Encapsulation
B) De-Encapsulation

6. This resolves IP addresses to MAC addresses

A) ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)
B) RIP (Routing Information Protocol)
C) ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol)
D) OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)
E) BGP (Border Gateway Protocol)

7. How does ARP work — except which one?

A) It checks its ARP cache to see if it already knows the MAC address.
B) If not, it sends an ARP Request to all devices in the network.
C) The ARP Request is sent only to the destination device using unicast.
D) A computer needs to send data to another device in the local network.
E) The destination device responds with an ARP Reply, providing its MAC address.

8. Which of the following is a security issue with ARP?

A) ARP filtering
B) Dynamic ARP Inspection
C) ARP Spoofing
D) Static ARP Entries

9. This is used for sending error messages and network diagnostics

A) OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)
B) BGP (Border Gateway Protocol)
C) ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol)
D) ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)
E) RIP (Routing Information Protocol)

10. This determines how data packets travel from source to destination.

A) Routing
B) ARP
C) DNS
D) ICMP

11. Which of the following is an example of a common ICMP message?

A) Handshake
B) GET Request
C) Query
D) Echo Request and Echo Reply

12. Manually configured by administrators.

A) Dynamic Routing
B) Default Routing
C) Distance Vector Routing
D) Static Routing

13. Uses protocols like RIP, OSPF, BGP.

A) Static Routing
B) Dynamic Routing
C) Manual Routing
D) Default Routing

14. Uses hop count to determine the best route. Best for small networks. Updates every 30 seconds, but slow convergence.

A) OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)
B) BGP (Border Gateway Protocol)
C) RIP (Routing Information Protocol)

15. Uses link-state information to find the fastest path. Best for medium to large networks. Faster and more efficient than RIP.

A) OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)
B) RIP (Routing Information Protocol)
C) BGP (Border Gateway Protocol)

16. Used on the Internet between ISPs. Controls traffic between different networks worldwide

A) OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)
B) BGP (Border Gateway Protocol)
C) RIP (Routing Information Protocol)

17. This is used when a destination is outside the local network.

A) Default gateway
B) Dynamic gateway
C) Static gateway

18. A home router connects devices in 192.168.1.0/24 to the internet using a default gateway (e.g., 192.168.1.1).

A) Static gateway
B) Dynamic gateway
C) Default gateway

19. These are unique numerical identifiers assigned to devices in a network to enable communication.

A) Subnet Masks
B) MAC Addresses
C) IP addresses
D) Port Numbers

20. Which of the following correctly describes the two main types of IP addresses used in networking?

A) TCP and UDP
B) IPv4 and IPv6
C) MAC and Broadcast
D) Static and Dynamic

21. A user sends an email. The message is encapsulated at the sender's computer, transmitted over the network, and de-encapsulated at the recipient's computer.

A) De-Encapsulation
B) Encapsulation

22. Which of the following best describes the structure of an IPv4 address?

A) 128-bit hexadecimal address separated by colons
B) 16-bit address divided into 2 bytes separated by colons (:)
C) 32-bit address divided into 4 octets separated by dots (.)
D) 64-bit binary address used only in private networks

23. Which of the following IPv4 address classes is used for multicast groups?

A) Class A (1–126)
B) Class E (240–255)
C) Class B (128–191)
D) Class D (224–239)
E) Class C (192–223)

24. Which IPv4 address class supports very large networks such as ISPs and uses a default subnet mask of 255.0.0.0?

A) Class B (128–191)
B) Class E (240–255)
C) Class D (224–239)
D) Class A (1–126)
E) Class C (192–223)

25. Which IPv4 address class is typically used by medium-sized organizations like universities and uses the subnet mask 255.255.0.0?

A) Class B (128–191)
B) Class A (1–126)
C) Class E (240–255)
D) Class D (224–239)
E) Class C (192–223)

26. Which class of IPv4 addresses is designed for small networks (e.g., home or office LANs) and uses a default subnet mask of 255.255.255.0?

A) Class C (192–223)
B) Class B (128–191)
C) Class A (1–126)
D) Class E (240–255)
E) Class D (224–239)

27. Which IPv4 address class is reserved for experimental purposes and is not used for general network communication?

A) Class E (240–255)
B) Class B (128–191)
C) Class A (1–126)
D) Class C (192–223)
E) Class E (240–255)

28. Used in internal networks (cannot be routed on the internet)

A) Loopback Address
B) Private IPs
C) Public IPs
D) Subnet Mask

29. This divides a larger network into smaller subnets to improve efficiency, security, and network performance.

A) Subnetting
B) Routing
C) Bridging
D) Switching

30. What determines the network and host portions of an IP address?

A) Subnet Mask
B) Default Gateway
C) MAC Address
D) DNS Server

31. 255.255.255.0 (CIDR: /24) means the first 3 octets represent the network, and the last octet is for hosts.

A) DNS Server
B) MAC Address
C) Default Gateway
D) Subnet Mask

32. Which subnetting technique allows for different subnet sizes within the same network to optimize IP address usage?

A) DHCP
B) VLSM
C) NAT
D) CIDR

33. What is the default subnet mask for a Class C IP address (e.g., 192.168.1.0)?

A) /24 or 255.255.255.0
B) /32 or 255.255.255.255
C) /16 or 255.255.0.0
D) /8 or 255.0.0.0

34. If the subnet mask is /26, how many bits have been borrowed from the host portion of the address?

A) 8 bits
B) 2 bits
C) 6 bits
D) 4 bits

35. If a network uses a /26 subnet mask, how many bits are used for the network portion and how many bits are left for the host portion?

A) 16 bits for the network, 16 bits for the host
B) 32 bits for the network, 0 bits for the host
C) 26 bits for the network, 6 bits for the host
D) 24 bits for the network, 8 bits for the host

36. How does IPv6 simplify the process of subnetting compared to IPv4?

A) By using only private IP addresses
B) By reducing the number of available subnets
C) By using larger subnet masks only
D) By using hierarchical addressing, eliminating the need for complex subnetting

37. Step 1 of subnetting a class C network

A) Identify the Number of Subnets
B) List the Subnets and Ranges
C) Find the Subnet Increments
D) Calculate the Number of Hosts per Subnet

38. Last Step of subnetting a class C network

A) Find the Subnet Increments
B) List the Subnets and Ranges
C) Identify the Number of Subnets
D) Calculate the Number of Hosts per Subnet

39. What is the primary function of the subnet mask in an IP address?

A) It defines the gateway IP address.
B) It determines the port number for network services.
C) It defines the MAC address of the device.
D) It determines the network and host portions of an IP address.

40. If the subnet mask is 255.255.255.224, what is the corresponding CIDR notation?

A) /25
B) /26
C) /27
D) /24

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