Netwo1 Midterm- Reviewer TwT

1. This refers to the process of sending and receiving digital or analog data between devices over a network.

A) TCP/IP Models
B) Data transmission
C) e Communication Protocols
D) OSI Layer

2. Why Are Communication Protocols Important?. Except

A) Increase network speed regardless of hardware limitations.
B) Define rules for data exchange.
C) Ensure data integrity, security, and proper sequencing.
D) Enable interoperability between different network devices.

3. This is the process of adding headers (and sometimes trailers) to data as it moves down the OSI/TCP-IP layers.

A) De-Encapsulation
B) Encapsulation

4. TCP/IP model has how many layers?

A) seven layers (Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data Link, Physical)
B) four layers (Application, Transport, Internet, Network Access)
C) seven layers (Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data Link, Network Access)
D) four layers (Application, Transport, Internet, Presentation)

5. Happens at the receiving end, where headers and trailers are stripped off at each layer

A) Encapsulation
B) De-Encapsulation

6. This resolves IP addresses to MAC addresses

A) OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)
B) ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)
C) ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol)
D) RIP (Routing Information Protocol)
E) BGP (Border Gateway Protocol)

7. How does ARP work — except which one?

A) The ARP Request is sent only to the destination device using unicast.
B) The destination device responds with an ARP Reply, providing its MAC address.
C) A computer needs to send data to another device in the local network.
D) It checks its ARP cache to see if it already knows the MAC address.
E) If not, it sends an ARP Request to all devices in the network.

8. Which of the following is a security issue with ARP?

A) ARP filtering
B) Dynamic ARP Inspection
C) ARP Spoofing
D) Static ARP Entries

9. This is used for sending error messages and network diagnostics

A) ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol)
B) BGP (Border Gateway Protocol)
C) OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)
D) ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)
E) RIP (Routing Information Protocol)

10. This determines how data packets travel from source to destination.

A) Routing
B) ARP
C) DNS
D) ICMP

11. Which of the following is an example of a common ICMP message?

A) Query
B) Handshake
C) Echo Request and Echo Reply
D) GET Request

12. Manually configured by administrators.

A) Dynamic Routing
B) Default Routing
C) Static Routing
D) Distance Vector Routing

13. Uses protocols like RIP, OSPF, BGP.

A) Static Routing
B) Default Routing
C) Manual Routing
D) Dynamic Routing

14. Uses hop count to determine the best route. Best for small networks. Updates every 30 seconds, but slow convergence.

A) OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)
B) BGP (Border Gateway Protocol)
C) RIP (Routing Information Protocol)

15. Uses link-state information to find the fastest path. Best for medium to large networks. Faster and more efficient than RIP.

A) BGP (Border Gateway Protocol)
B) RIP (Routing Information Protocol)
C) OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)

16. Used on the Internet between ISPs. Controls traffic between different networks worldwide

A) OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)
B) BGP (Border Gateway Protocol)
C) RIP (Routing Information Protocol)

17. This is used when a destination is outside the local network.

A) Default gateway
B) Dynamic gateway
C) Static gateway

18. A home router connects devices in 192.168.1.0/24 to the internet using a default gateway (e.g., 192.168.1.1).

A) Dynamic gateway
B) Static gateway
C) Default gateway

19. These are unique numerical identifiers assigned to devices in a network to enable communication.

A) IP addresses
B) MAC Addresses
C) Port Numbers
D) Subnet Masks

20. Which of the following correctly describes the two main types of IP addresses used in networking?

A) IPv4 and IPv6
B) Static and Dynamic
C) TCP and UDP
D) MAC and Broadcast

21. A user sends an email. The message is encapsulated at the sender's computer, transmitted over the network, and de-encapsulated at the recipient's computer.

A) De-Encapsulation
B) Encapsulation

22. Which of the following best describes the structure of an IPv4 address?

A) 64-bit binary address used only in private networks
B) 16-bit address divided into 2 bytes separated by colons (:)
C) 32-bit address divided into 4 octets separated by dots (.)
D) 128-bit hexadecimal address separated by colons

23. Which of the following IPv4 address classes is used for multicast groups?

A) Class E (240–255)
B) Class C (192–223)
C) Class B (128–191)
D) Class D (224–239)
E) Class A (1–126)

24. Which IPv4 address class supports very large networks such as ISPs and uses a default subnet mask of 255.0.0.0?

A) Class C (192–223)
B) Class D (224–239)
C) Class E (240–255)
D) Class B (128–191)
E) Class A (1–126)

25. Which IPv4 address class is typically used by medium-sized organizations like universities and uses the subnet mask 255.255.0.0?

A) Class B (128–191)
B) Class A (1–126)
C) Class C (192–223)
D) Class D (224–239)
E) Class E (240–255)

26. Which class of IPv4 addresses is designed for small networks (e.g., home or office LANs) and uses a default subnet mask of 255.255.255.0?

A) Class A (1–126)
B) Class D (224–239)
C) Class B (128–191)
D) Class C (192–223)
E) Class E (240–255)

27. Which IPv4 address class is reserved for experimental purposes and is not used for general network communication?

A) Class B (128–191)
B) Class A (1–126)
C) Class C (192–223)
D) Class E (240–255)
E) Class E (240–255)

28. Used in internal networks (cannot be routed on the internet)

A) Private IPs
B) Subnet Mask
C) Loopback Address
D) Public IPs

29. This divides a larger network into smaller subnets to improve efficiency, security, and network performance.

A) Switching
B) Routing
C) Subnetting
D) Bridging

30. What determines the network and host portions of an IP address?

A) Default Gateway
B) Subnet Mask
C) DNS Server
D) MAC Address

31. 255.255.255.0 (CIDR: /24) means the first 3 octets represent the network, and the last octet is for hosts.

A) DNS Server
B) Default Gateway
C) MAC Address
D) Subnet Mask

32. Which subnetting technique allows for different subnet sizes within the same network to optimize IP address usage?

A) VLSM
B) NAT
C) DHCP
D) CIDR

33. What is the default subnet mask for a Class C IP address (e.g., 192.168.1.0)?

A) /8 or 255.0.0.0
B) /16 or 255.255.0.0
C) /32 or 255.255.255.255
D) /24 or 255.255.255.0

34. If the subnet mask is /26, how many bits have been borrowed from the host portion of the address?

A) 2 bits
B) 6 bits
C) 8 bits
D) 4 bits

35. If a network uses a /26 subnet mask, how many bits are used for the network portion and how many bits are left for the host portion?

A) 26 bits for the network, 6 bits for the host
B) 32 bits for the network, 0 bits for the host
C) 24 bits for the network, 8 bits for the host
D) 16 bits for the network, 16 bits for the host

36. How does IPv6 simplify the process of subnetting compared to IPv4?

A) By using only private IP addresses
B) By using larger subnet masks only
C) By reducing the number of available subnets
D) By using hierarchical addressing, eliminating the need for complex subnetting

37. Step 1 of subnetting a class C network

A) Calculate the Number of Hosts per Subnet
B) Find the Subnet Increments
C) Identify the Number of Subnets
D) List the Subnets and Ranges

38. Last Step of subnetting a class C network

A) Find the Subnet Increments
B) Identify the Number of Subnets
C) Calculate the Number of Hosts per Subnet
D) List the Subnets and Ranges

39. What is the primary function of the subnet mask in an IP address?

A) It determines the network and host portions of an IP address.
B) It defines the gateway IP address.
C) It defines the MAC address of the device.
D) It determines the port number for network services.

40. If the subnet mask is 255.255.255.224, what is the corresponding CIDR notation?

A) /25
B) /24
C) /26
D) /27

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