John C. Calhoun - Quiz
John C
  • 1. How many interpretations of Congressional power regarding slavery emerged in the 1840s?
A) Five
B) Two
C) Four
D) Three
  • 2. According to the 'free-soil doctrine', who had the power to outlaw slavery in the territories?
A) The Supreme Court
B) State governors
C) Local voters
D) Congress
  • 3. What did the popular sovereignty position argue regarding slavery in the territories?
A) The federal government should ban it
B) The President should decide
C) Voters living there should decide
D) Congress should decide
  • 4. What did the 'Calhoun doctrine' state regarding slavery in the territories?
A) Only Congress could outlaw it
B) Only the citizens could outlaw it
C) Neither Congress nor local citizens could outlaw it
D) The Supreme Court could outlaw it
  • 5. What role did Calhoun argue the federal government played in the territories?
A) Absolute ruler of the territories
B) A neutral observer with no role
C) Trustee or agent of the sovereign states
D) The primary landowner
  • 6. According to Calhoun, what was the federal government obliged not to do regarding the states?
A) Accept their laws
B) Discriminate among them
C) Form alliances with them
D) Tax them unequally
  • 7. What did Calhoun believe citizens had the right to take into any territory?
A) Their property
B) Only agricultural tools
C) Only their families
D) Only gold and silver
  • 8. In which month and year did Calhoun deliver a Senate speech explaining his doctrine?
A) December 1848
B) March 1850
C) February 1847
D) January 1845
  • 9. What did Calhoun argue would be a violation of the Constitution?
A) Enacting laws that deprive citizens of taking property into territories
B) Allowing territories to vote on statehood
C) Permitting slavery in new territories
D) Expanding the power of the Supreme Court
  • 10. According to historian Hermann von Holst, what was the government's duty under the Calhoun Doctrine?
A) Legislate the morality of slavery
B) Enforce abolition in the territories
C) Actively promote the spread of slavery
D) Act as if the existence of slavery in territories did not concern them
  • 11. Which political party did the Free Soil forces merge into around 1854?
A) Whig Party
B) Libertarian Party
C) Democratic Party
D) Republican Party
  • 12. Who used Calhoun's arguments in the 1857 Dred Scott v. Sandford case?
A) Abraham Lincoln
B) Robert R. Russell
C) Hermann von Holst
D) Roger B. Taney
  • 13. What did Roger B. Taney rule in the Dred Scott v. Sandford case?
A) Local voters had the final say on slavery
B) The federal government had total authority over slavery
C) The federal government could not prohibit slavery in any territory
D) Congress had the power to ban slavery in territories
  • 14. What prompted Calhoun to advocate for a standing army after the war?
A) He wanted to invade neighboring countries.
B) He wanted to occupy the Northeast states.
C) The militia had proven itself to be unreliable.
D) The President ordered him to expand the military.
  • 15. In 1816, what specific type of vessel did Calhoun propose for the navy?
A) Steam frigates
B) Wooden schooners
C) Submarines
D) Ironclad warships
  • 16. Why did Calhoun emphasize domestic manufacturing?
A) The British blockade had cut off imports.
B) He believed in a primitive economy.
C) Congress demanded high tariffs on all goods.
D) He wanted to reduce the power of the Northeast.
  • 17. How did an observer describe Calhoun's speaking style in the House?
A) Loud and musical.
B) Charismatic and humorous.
C) Elegant and closely confined to the subject.
D) Hesitant and unorganized.
  • 18. How did Calhoun improve his naturally poor voice?
A) He avoided public speaking entirely.
B) Through systematic self-discipline and practice.
C) He used mechanical amplification devices.
D) He hired a professional vocal coach.
  • 19. What did historian Russell Kirk mean by calling Calhoun the 'Cast-iron Man'?
A) He was easily offended by critics.
B) He was reserved and his passion was contained.
C) He was physically strong and athletic.
D) He was inflexible and stubborn in all policies.
  • 20. What did John Quincy Adams note about Calhoun in 1821?
A) He was secretly plotting against the President.
B) He was above sectional and factious prejudices.
C) He was a divisive figure in the Union.
D) He lacked basic understanding of philosophy.
  • 21. How many men declined the offer to be Secretary of War before Calhoun took the role?
A) Two
B) Six
C) Four
D) One
  • 22. In what year did Calhoun create the Bureau of Indian Affairs?
A) 1821
B) 1819
C) 1817
D) 1824
  • 23. Who was appointed as the first head of the Bureau of Indian Affairs?
A) Thomas McKenney
B) James Monroe
C) William H. Crawford
D) Jacob Brown
  • 24. How did Calhoun respond to General Jackson's invasion of Florida?
A) He advocated for censuring Jackson.
B) He immediately joined the invasion.
C) He praised Jackson for his patriotism.
D) He resigned in protest.
  • 25. Which treaty resulted in the annexation of Florida?
A) Treaty of Ghent
B) Treaty of Missouri
C) Treaty of 1812
D) Adams–Onís Treaty
  • 26. Who did Calhoun appoint to lead the army to create a better command structure?
A) Thomas McKenney
B) James Tallmadge Jr.
C) William H. Crawford
D) Jacob Brown
  • 27. In what year did John C. Calhoun marry Floride Bonneau Colhoun?
A) 1812
B) 1813
C) 1811
D) 1810
  • 28. Who was Floride Bonneau Colhoun's father?
A) John E. Colhoun
B) Thomas Green Clemson
C) William Lowndes
D) Andrew Pickens
  • 29. How many children did John C. Calhoun and his wife have?
A) Nine
B) Ten
C) Eight
D) Twelve
  • 30. What religious tradition was Calhoun raised in?
A) Unitarian
B) Episcopal
C) Orthodox Presbyterian
D) Catholic
  • 31. In 1821, Calhoun became a founding member of which church?
A) The Episcopal Church
B) The Presbyterian Church
C) The Charleston High Society Church
D) All Souls Unitarian Church
  • 32. How did historian Merrill D. Peterson describe Calhoun's writing attempts?
A) He was prone to extreme sarcasm
B) He wrote beautiful love sonnets
C) Every line began with 'whereas'
D) He refused to write anything but legal briefs
  • 33. Which congressional district did Calhoun win in 1810?
A) South Carolina's 6th congressional district
B) South Carolina's 1st congressional district
C) Kentucky's 6th congressional district
D) South Carolina's 4th congressional district
  • 34. Who did Calhoun defeat to win his seat in the House of Representatives?
A) John Randolph of Roanoke
B) Daniel Webster
C) Henry Clay
D) John Archer Elmore
  • 35. Calhoun was a leader of which group that pushed for war with Britain?
A) The Federalists
B) The Jeffersonians
C) War Hawks
D) The Anti-War Coalition
  • 36. On what date did the United States declare war on Britain?
A) January 1, 1812
B) June 18, 1814
C) December 24, 1812
D) June 18, 1812
  • 37. What nickname did a colleague give Calhoun for his work on the war effort?
A) The Iron Orator
B) The War Hawk
C) The young Hercules
D) The Architect of War
  • 38. In which year did Calhoun begin his political career in the House of Representatives?
A) 1824
B) 1812
C) 1810
D) 1804
  • 39. What illness caused John C. Calhoun's death in 1850?
A) Smallpox
B) Tuberculosis
C) Pneumonia
D) Influenza
  • 40. Who was the other vice president mentioned as having resigned from the position?
A) Daniel Webster
B) John Tyler
C) Spiro Agnew
D) Andrew Jackson
  • 41. Calhoun served as Secretary of War under which president?
A) Andrew Jackson
B) John Quincy Adams
C) James Monroe
D) John Tyler
  • 42. Which of these was a member of the 'Great Triumvirate' alongside Calhoun?
A) Timothy Dwight
B) Henry Clay
C) James K. Polk
D) Tapping Reeve
  • 43. What nickname was given to Calhoun later in life due to his rigid defense of Southern beliefs?
A) The Great Compromiser
B) The cast-iron man
C) The Nullifier
D) The Iron Senator
  • 44. Which college did Calhoun attend where he graduated as valedictorian in 1804?
A) Harvard University
B) Tapping Reeve Law School
C) Yale College
D) Princeton University
  • 45. What political concept did Calhoun advocate to protect minority rights against majority rule?
A) Nationalist modernization
B) Concurrent majority
C) Universal suffrage
D) Federalist supremacy
  • 46. What was the name of the estate where Calhoun owned dozens of slaves?
A) Monticello
B) Mount Vernon
C) Abbeville Plantation
D) Fort Hill
  • 47. Which state was Calhoun initially relying on for support during the 1824 election?
A) New York
B) Pennsylvania
C) South Carolina
D) Georgia
  • 48. How many electoral votes did Calhoun receive to become vice president in 1824?
A) 112
B) 261
C) 150
D) 182
  • 49. Besides Calhoun, who was the only other man to serve as vice president under two different presidents?
A) Thomas Jefferson
B) James Madison
C) John Adams
D) George Clinton
  • 50. Which Cabinet member supported the Eatons and eventually became a primary rival to Calhoun?
A) Samuel D. Ingham
B) John Eaton
C) Martin Van Buren
D) Thomas Hart Benton
  • 51. Which political issue, besides the Petticoat affair, caused a rift between Jackson and Calhoun?
A) The purchase of Florida
B) The Nullification Crisis
C) The war with Great Britain
D) The expansion of the Supreme Court
  • 52. Who was the editor of the newspaper where Calhoun published his controversial correspondence?
A) Samuel D. Ingham
B) John Forsyth
C) William B. Lewis
D) Duff Green
  • 53. Under what pseudonym or context was 'South Carolina Exposition and Protest' composed?
A) Under the name of Andrew Jackson.
B) Publicly signed by the South Carolina legislature.
C) Anonymously.
D) Under the direction of John Quincy Adams.
  • 54. Who wrote the bill that became the Tariff of 1832?
A) Gulian C. Verplanck.
B) Henry Clay.
C) Louis McLane.
D) John Quincy Adams.
  • 55. Which bill empowered the President to use military force to ensure compliance with federal law?
A) The Force Bill.
B) The Union Preservation Act.
C) The Seminole Act.
D) The Tariff of 1828.
  • 56. To whom did John C. Calhoun send his resignation letter as vice president?
A) Martin Van Buren
B) Robert Y. Hayne
C) Andrew Jackson
D) Edward Livingston
  • 57. How many tie-breaking votes did Calhoun cast as vice president?
A) 45
B) 12
C) 31
D) 10
  • 58. Which politician was considered to be an 'apostle of northern nationalism' during the debates?
A) Henry Clay
B) Daniel Webster
C) Martin Van Buren
D) Robert Y. Hayne
  • 59. What did Calhoun accuse Jackson of during the Bank War?
A) Trying to form a new political party
B) Too much support for the Bank
C) Over-reliance on Biddle
D) Ignorance about financial matters
  • 60. Who eventually surpassed Calhoun's record for tie-breaking votes as vice president?
A) John Niven
B) Kamala Harris
C) Henry Clay
D) Martin Van Buren
  • 61. Whose death created the vacancy that led to Calhoun's appointment as Secretary of State?
A) William Henry Harrison
B) Abel P. Upshur
C) Richard Pakenham
D) Benjamin Tappan
  • 62. Who leaked the details of the treaty negotiations and supporting documents to the press?
A) Sam Houston
B) Benjamin Tappan
C) John Tyler
D) Richard Pakenham
  • 63. Which foreign power did Tyler fear would gain influence in Texas?
A) Spain
B) Great Britain
C) France
D) Russia
  • 64. What was the final vote count for the rejection of the treaty in the Senate?
A) 10–40
B) 25–25
C) 20–30
D) 16–35
  • 65. What was the political status of John Tyler when he became president?
A) Former Democrat
B) Republican
C) Whig
D) Independent
  • 66. Where was the 1844 Democratic Convention held?
A) Washington, D.C.
B) Charleston, South Carolina
C) Baltimore, Maryland
D) Nashville, Tennessee
  • 67. What did Calhoun's supporters threaten to do at the 1844 convention?
A) Bolt the proceedings
B) Start a new political party
C) Boycott the state of Maryland
D) Support Henry Clay
  • 68. Which document of Calhoun's was identified with proslavery extremism?
A) The South Carolina Exposition
B) The Nullification Proclamation
C) The Washington Globe
D) Pakenham letter
  • 69. What was James K. Polk's political background?
A) A Tennessee politician
B) A Virginia Senator
C) A South Carolina diplomat
D) A New York governor
  • 70. Which organ did Calhoun want to dissolve as a condition for endorsing Polk?
A) The Democratic National Committee
B) The Pakenham Correspondence
C) The Texas Annexation Committee
D) The Washington Globe
  • 71. Who headed the Washington Globe?
A) James K. Polk
B) John Tyler
C) Francis Preston Blair
D) Martin Van Buren
  • 72. When did the Texas Republic approve the annexation treaty?
A) October 1845
B) December 1845
C) March 1845
D) May 1844
  • 73. When was Texas admitted as the 28th state of the Union?
A) March 1, 1845
B) December 29, 1845
C) October 1, 1845
D) January 1, 1846
  • 74. What was Calhoun's stance on the Mexican–American War?
A) Opposed
B) Neutral
C) Indifferent
D) Supported
  • 75. What was the '54–40 or fight' slogan associated with?
A) The Nashville Convention
B) The Mexican–American War
C) The Compromise of 1850
D) The Oregon boundary dispute
  • 76. How was the Oregon boundary dispute resolved?
A) A naval blockade
B) United States acquisition of all territory
C) Splitting the area at the 49th parallel
D) British acquisition of all territory
  • 77. Which event did Calhoun help organize to discuss Southern secession?
A) Senate floor debate
B) Washington summit
C) Constitutional Convention
D) Nashville Convention
  • 78. What term did Calhoun use to describe slavery?
A) Necessary evil
B) Peculiar institution
C) Economic foundation
D) Southern heritage
  • 79. What were the Southern radicals who pushed states' rights to the extreme called?
A) Secessionists
B) Unionists
C) Fire-Eaters
D) Expansionists
  • 80. Where was John C. Calhoun originally interred?
A) St. Paul's Episcopal Church
B) Congressional Cemetery
C) St. Philip's Churchyard
D) Fort Hill plantation
  • 81. Historian Lee H. Cheek Jr. contrasts Calhoun's republicanism with what tradition?
A) Quaker
B) Methodist
C) Anglican
D) Puritan
  • 82. Who taught Calhoun that social standing depended on slave ownership?
A) James Madison
B) Thomas Green Clemson
C) Thomas Jefferson
D) Patrick Calhoun
  • 83. What term did Calhoun famously use to describe slavery in his 1837 Senate speech?
A) Temporary arrangement
B) Positive good
C) Necessary evil
D) Economic burden
  • 84. What punishment did Calhoun order for his runaway slave, Alick?
A) 10 lashes
B) 30 lashes
C) Exile
D) 100 lashes
  • 85. How long did Calhoun want Alick kept in jail?
A) One year
B) One week
C) One day
D) One month
  • 86. How many years did Calhoun predict it would take for the Union to be destroyed?
A) Twenty years
B) Five years
C) Fifty years
D) Twelve years
  • 87. What policy did Calhoun oppose that sought to limit slavery in western territories?
A) Compromise of 1850
B) Missouri Compromise
C) Wilmot Proviso
D) Kansas-Nebraska Act
  • 88. Calhoun felt that slavery prevented society from measuring self-worth solely by what?
A) Political power
B) Education
C) Money
D) Land ownership
  • 89. How many Southern congressmen signed the 'Address of the Southern Delegates'?
A) Fewer than 40%.
B) Less than 10%.
C) Exactly 50%.
D) More than 80%.
  • 90. Who described Calhoun as 'the Marx of the master class'?
A) Irving Bartlett
B) Richard Hofstadter
C) Charles E. Merriam
D) John Niven
  • 91. Who was Calhoun College at Yale renamed after in 2017?
A) Peter Salovey
B) Grace Hopper
C) John F. Kennedy
D) Charles M. Wiltse
  • 92. Where is Calhoun commemorated at Yale besides the former Calhoun College?
A) The president's office
B) The library entrance
C) Harkness Tower
D) The main stadium
  • 93. Which university renamed its Honors College to remove John C. Calhoun's name in 2020?
A) Yale University
B) Clemson University
C) Harvard University
D) University of South Carolina
  • 94. In what year was a Confederate postage stamp featuring Calhoun printed but never released?
A) 1870
B) 1862
C) 1865
D) 1850
  • 95. Who portrayed John C. Calhoun in the 1997 film Amistad?
A) Morgan Freeman
B) Daniel Day-Lewis
C) Tommy Lee Jones
D) Arliss Howard
  • 96. What was the name of the Minneapolis community band that changed its name to distance itself from Calhoun?
A) Minneapolis Heritage Band
B) Calhoun-Isles Community Band
C) The Calhoun Symphonic Band
D) The Dakota Lakes Band
  • 97. How high was the statue of Calhoun erected in Charleston in 1896?
A) 200 feet
B) 50 feet
C) 25 feet
D) 115 feet
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