 - 1. What is the main ingredient in pho broth?
A) Chicken bones
B) Pork bones
C) Beef bones
D) Vegetable broth
- 2. What type of noodles are used in pho?
A) Buckwheat noodles
B) Rice noodles
C) Egg noodles
D) Wheat noodles
- 3. How is pho traditionally eaten?
A) From a straw
B) With hands only
C) With a fork
D) With chopsticks and a spoon
- 4. What time of day is pho typically consumed in Vietnam?
A) Midnight snack
B) Breakfast
C) Afternoon snack
D) Dinner
- 5. What is the traditional pho garnish that provides crunch?
A) Cilantro
B) Bean sprouts
C) Green onions
D) Jalapeños
- 6. What kind of broth is typically used in vegetarian pho?
A) Bone broth
B) Vegetable broth
C) Beef broth
D) Chicken broth
- 7. Which region of Vietnam is pho most commonly associated with?
A) Southern Vietnam
B) Central Vietnam
C) Northern Vietnam
D) Western Vietnam
- 8. How is pho pronounced?
A) Fuh
B) Fo
C) Poe
D) Fee
- 9. In which century did phở first appear in written records?
A) 18th century
B) 20th century
C) 19th century
D) 21st century
- 10. Which city is credited with the creation of traditional Vietnamese phở?
A) Saigon
B) Hue
C) Hanoi
D) Nam Định
- 11. Which of the following is NOT a common meat used in phở?
A) Water buffalo
B) Pork
C) Beef
D) Chicken
- 12. What is the date designated as the 'Day of Pho' in Vietnam?
A) December 12
B) January 1
C) November 11
D) October 10
- 13. Which of these regions is NOT believed to have influenced the development of phở?
A) Indian
B) Chinese
C) French
D) Vietnamese
- 14. Which city has a style of phở known for its sweet broth?
A) Hanoi
B) Da Nang
C) Saigon
D) Huế
- 15. What was the traditional use of water buffaloes in Vietnam before the French colonial period?
A) Transportation
B) Meat production
C) Farming
D) Leather production
- 16. Which of the following dishes is similar to phở and found in China?
A) ngau naam ho fun
B) pad thai
C) sushi
D) bánh mì
- 17. What was the name of the first Vietnamese-owned phở stand in Hanoi?
A) Cát Tường
B) Quạt Row
C) Đồng Row
D) Bờ Hồ
- 18. What type of pole did phở vendors traditionally use to carry their mobile kitchens?
A) Bánh mì pole
B) Gánh phở
C) Noodle pole
D) Phở stick
- 19. Which French dish influenced the preparation of phở broth?
A) Pot-au-feu
B) Coq au vin
C) Bouillabaisse
D) Ratatouille
- 20. What type of hat did phở vendors traditionally wear?
A) Baseball cap
B) Top hat
C) Mũ phở
D) Conical hat
- 21. Which of the following is a traditional herb used in phở?
A) Basil
B) Rosemary
C) Mint
D) Thyme
- 22. What was the primary reason for the increased availability of beef in Vietnam during the French colonial period?
A) American intervention
B) Vietnamese preference
C) Chinese influence
D) French demand
- 23. What is the name of the village in Nam Định Province known as the traditional home of phở?
A) Hanoi
B) Huế
C) Vân Cù
D) Saigon
- 24. Which of the following is a traditional way to serve phở?
A) In a bowl
B) On a plate
C) In a sandwich
D) In a cup
- 25. Which of the following is NOT a traditional herb used in phở?
A) Cilantro
B) Mint
C) Perilla
D) Thai basil
- 26. What is the name of the style of phở that originated from Nam Định and became popular in Hanoi?
A) Hanoi style
B) Southern style
C) Saigon style
D) Nam Định style
- 27. Which of the following is a traditional sauce served with phở?
A) Mayonnaise
B) Mustard
C) Ketchup
D) Fish sauce
- 28. What is the primary reason for the decline of peddler phở gánh around 1936–1946?
A) In favor of stationary eateries
B) Due to competition from fast food
C) Due to government regulation
D) Due to lack of demand
- 29. Which of the following is a traditional way to enhance the flavor of phở?
A) Adding salt
B) Adding sugar
C) Adding lime juice
D) Adding vinegar
- 30. Which of the following is a traditional way to garnish phở?
A) Sliced yellow chilies
B) Sliced black chilies
C) Sliced red chilies
D) Sliced green chilies
- 31. When was chicken pho first introduced?
A) 1939
B) 1945
C) 1928
D) 1954
- 32. When did the first pho restaurant open in Little Saigon, Orange County, California?
A) 1975
B) 2000
C) 1980
D) 1990
- 33. In which decade did pho begin to enter the mainstream in the United States?
A) 2000s
B) 1980s
C) 2010s
D) 1990s
- 34. How much annual revenue did pho restaurants in the United States generate during the 2000s?
A) US$1 billion
B) US$100 million
C) US$500 million
D) US$250 million
- 35. In which year was the word 'pho' added to the Shorter Oxford English Dictionary?
A) 1997
B) 2016
C) 2011
D) 2007
- 36. What rank did pho achieve on 'World's 50 Most Delicious Foods' compiled by CNN Go in 2011?
A) 28
B) 10
C) 50
D) 5
- 37. When did the Vietnamese Embassy in Mexico celebrate Phở Day?
A) April 2, 2016
B) April 1, 2016
C) April 3, 2016
D) April 4, 2016
- 38. When was December 12 designated as the 'Day of Phở' by the Vietnamese government?
A) 2020
B) 2024
C) 2015
D) 2018
- 39. What is a phở-inspired cocktail likely to incorporate?
A) Rice noodles
B) The soup’s signature spices
C) Fish sauce
D) Lime juice
- 40. In which year did the word phở first appear in a short story?
A) 1910
B) 1907
C) 1920
D) 1931
- 41. What does food historian Erica J. Peters argue about the French embrace of phở?
A) It was a result of French culinary innovation
B) It accurately reflects its historical roots
C) It was a direct adaptation of French cuisine
D) It overlooks its origins as a local improvisation
- 42. What does the term ngưu nhục phấn translate to in English?
A) 'Fish soup'.
B) 'Rice noodles'.
C) 'Beef noodles'.
D) 'Chicken broth'.
- 43. Who sold the dish ngưu nhục phấn in Hanoi?
A) Vietnamese royalty.
B) Indian traders.
C) French chefs.
D) Chinese immigrants.
- 44. How does Jean Marquet refer to phở in his 1919 novel?
A) 'Beef soup!'
B) 'Phở Hanoi!'
C) 'Yoc feu!'
D) 'Noodles and beef!'
- 45. What does the Vietnamese poet Tản Đà call phở in his work 'Đánh bạc'?
A) 'Gỏi cuốn'.
B) 'Nhục-phở'.
C) 'Bún chả'.
D) 'Bánh mì'.
- 46. Which part of the chicken is referred to as 'lòng gà' in pho?
A) Chicken breast
B) Chicken thigh
C) Chicken innards
D) Immature chicken eggs
- 47. Which spice is sometimes omitted in chicken phở due to its role in reducing beef smell?
A) Cinnamon
B) Charred ginger
C) Cloves
D) Star anise
- 48. Which of the following is a common way to prepare the meat before adding it to beef pho?
A) Frozen
B) Sauteed
C) Raw
D) Boiled
- 49. What is the purpose of roasting ginger and onion before adding them to the stock?
A) To change their color
B) To make them softer
C) To bring out their full flavor
D) To reduce their size
- 50. Which of the following is a type of chicken part used in chicken pho?
A) Beef ball
B) Chicken thigh
C) Beef brisket
D) Beef tripe
- 51. Which of the following is not a seasoning used in pho broth?
A) Star anise
B) Cinnamon
C) Oregano
D) Coriander seed
- 52. Which of the following is not a common spice used in pho broth?
A) Cinnamon
B) Star anise
C) Thyme
D) Cloves
- 53. Which herb is not typically used in Northern pho?
A) Thai basil
B) Pickled garlic
C) Cilantro
D) Scallions
- 54. What is a special garnish prepared in Central pho?
A) Bean sprouts
B) Scallions
C) Hoisin sauce
D) Pickled papaya
- 55. What type of meat might be used in provincial variations of pho?
A) Chicken and beef
B) Pork and lamb
C) Fish and shrimp
D) Duck, buffalo, goat, or veal
- 56. What is the name of the phở-like Filipino dish popular in Palawan island?
A) Phở Lào
B) Bún bò Huế
C) Chao long
D) Phở sốt vang
- 57. Which citrus fruit is used in the Filipino chao long dish?
A) Orange
B) Calamansi
C) Lime
D) Lemon
- 58. Which street in Saigon was famous for its beef phở?
A) Phở Công Lý
B) Pasteur Street
C) Hien Vuong Street
D) Phở Bắc Hải
- 59. Which U.S. President visited Phở 2000 in Ho Chi Minh City in 2000?
A) George W. Bush
B) Bill Clinton
C) Barack Obama
D) Donald Trump
- 60. Which phở chain is a subsidiary of Highlands Coffee?
A) Phở Bình
B) Phở Hòa
C) Pho 75
D) Pho 24
- 61. Which phở restaurant has locations in Washington, D.C., and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania?
A) Pho 24
B) Phở 10 Lý Quốc Sư
C) Pho 75
D) Phở Hòa
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