 - 1. What is the main ingredient in pho broth?
A) Vegetable broth
B) Chicken bones
C) Beef bones
D) Pork bones
- 2. What type of noodles are used in pho?
A) Rice noodles
B) Egg noodles
C) Buckwheat noodles
D) Wheat noodles
- 3. How is pho traditionally eaten?
A) With a fork
B) From a straw
C) With hands only
D) With chopsticks and a spoon
- 4. What time of day is pho typically consumed in Vietnam?
A) Breakfast
B) Dinner
C) Afternoon snack
D) Midnight snack
- 5. What is the traditional pho garnish that provides crunch?
A) Jalapeños
B) Bean sprouts
C) Green onions
D) Cilantro
- 6. What kind of broth is typically used in vegetarian pho?
A) Bone broth
B) Chicken broth
C) Vegetable broth
D) Beef broth
- 7. Which region of Vietnam is pho most commonly associated with?
A) Central Vietnam
B) Western Vietnam
C) Southern Vietnam
D) Northern Vietnam
- 8. How is pho pronounced?
A) Fuh
B) Fee
C) Fo
D) Poe
- 9. In which century did phở first appear in written records?
A) 20th century
B) 18th century
C) 21st century
D) 19th century
- 10. Which city is credited with the creation of traditional Vietnamese phở?
A) Nam Định
B) Saigon
C) Hanoi
D) Hue
- 11. Which of the following is NOT a common meat used in phở?
A) Pork
B) Beef
C) Water buffalo
D) Chicken
- 12. What is the date designated as the 'Day of Pho' in Vietnam?
A) November 11
B) October 10
C) January 1
D) December 12
- 13. Which of these regions is NOT believed to have influenced the development of phở?
A) Vietnamese
B) Chinese
C) Indian
D) French
- 14. Which city has a style of phở known for its sweet broth?
A) Huế
B) Saigon
C) Hanoi
D) Da Nang
- 15. What was the traditional use of water buffaloes in Vietnam before the French colonial period?
A) Farming
B) Meat production
C) Leather production
D) Transportation
- 16. Which of the following dishes is similar to phở and found in China?
A) ngau naam ho fun
B) sushi
C) pad thai
D) bánh mì
- 17. What was the name of the first Vietnamese-owned phở stand in Hanoi?
A) Quạt Row
B) Đồng Row
C) Cát Tường
D) Bờ Hồ
- 18. What type of pole did phở vendors traditionally use to carry their mobile kitchens?
A) Bánh mì pole
B) Noodle pole
C) Phở stick
D) Gánh phở
- 19. Which French dish influenced the preparation of phở broth?
A) Bouillabaisse
B) Ratatouille
C) Coq au vin
D) Pot-au-feu
- 20. What type of hat did phở vendors traditionally wear?
A) Mũ phở
B) Conical hat
C) Baseball cap
D) Top hat
- 21. Which of the following is a traditional herb used in phở?
A) Thyme
B) Basil
C) Mint
D) Rosemary
- 22. What was the primary reason for the increased availability of beef in Vietnam during the French colonial period?
A) Vietnamese preference
B) American intervention
C) Chinese influence
D) French demand
- 23. What is the name of the village in Nam Định Province known as the traditional home of phở?
A) Huế
B) Saigon
C) Vân Cù
D) Hanoi
- 24. Which of the following is a traditional way to serve phở?
A) In a sandwich
B) On a plate
C) In a bowl
D) In a cup
- 25. Which of the following is NOT a traditional herb used in phở?
A) Cilantro
B) Mint
C) Perilla
D) Thai basil
- 26. What is the name of the style of phở that originated from Nam Định and became popular in Hanoi?
A) Southern style
B) Hanoi style
C) Nam Định style
D) Saigon style
- 27. Which of the following is a traditional sauce served with phở?
A) Mayonnaise
B) Mustard
C) Fish sauce
D) Ketchup
- 28. What is the primary reason for the decline of peddler phở gánh around 1936–1946?
A) Due to lack of demand
B) In favor of stationary eateries
C) Due to government regulation
D) Due to competition from fast food
- 29. Which of the following is a traditional way to enhance the flavor of phở?
A) Adding salt
B) Adding sugar
C) Adding vinegar
D) Adding lime juice
- 30. Which of the following is a traditional way to garnish phở?
A) Sliced red chilies
B) Sliced yellow chilies
C) Sliced green chilies
D) Sliced black chilies
- 31. When was chicken pho first introduced?
A) 1954
B) 1928
C) 1939
D) 1945
- 32. When did the first pho restaurant open in Little Saigon, Orange County, California?
A) 1975
B) 1980
C) 1990
D) 2000
- 33. In which decade did pho begin to enter the mainstream in the United States?
A) 2010s
B) 1980s
C) 1990s
D) 2000s
- 34. How much annual revenue did pho restaurants in the United States generate during the 2000s?
A) US$100 million
B) US$500 million
C) US$250 million
D) US$1 billion
- 35. In which year was the word 'pho' added to the Shorter Oxford English Dictionary?
A) 1997
B) 2007
C) 2016
D) 2011
- 36. What rank did pho achieve on 'World's 50 Most Delicious Foods' compiled by CNN Go in 2011?
A) 50
B) 10
C) 5
D) 28
- 37. When did the Vietnamese Embassy in Mexico celebrate Phở Day?
A) April 3, 2016
B) April 2, 2016
C) April 4, 2016
D) April 1, 2016
- 38. When was December 12 designated as the 'Day of Phở' by the Vietnamese government?
A) 2018
B) 2024
C) 2015
D) 2020
- 39. What is a phở-inspired cocktail likely to incorporate?
A) Rice noodles
B) The soup’s signature spices
C) Lime juice
D) Fish sauce
- 40. In which year did the word phở first appear in a short story?
A) 1920
B) 1931
C) 1910
D) 1907
- 41. What does food historian Erica J. Peters argue about the French embrace of phở?
A) It was a direct adaptation of French cuisine
B) It was a result of French culinary innovation
C) It overlooks its origins as a local improvisation
D) It accurately reflects its historical roots
- 42. What does the term ngưu nhục phấn translate to in English?
A) 'Chicken broth'.
B) 'Beef noodles'.
C) 'Rice noodles'.
D) 'Fish soup'.
- 43. Who sold the dish ngưu nhục phấn in Hanoi?
A) Indian traders.
B) Vietnamese royalty.
C) French chefs.
D) Chinese immigrants.
- 44. How does Jean Marquet refer to phở in his 1919 novel?
A) 'Beef soup!'
B) 'Yoc feu!'
C) 'Phở Hanoi!'
D) 'Noodles and beef!'
- 45. What does the Vietnamese poet Tản Đà call phở in his work 'Đánh bạc'?
A) 'Nhục-phở'.
B) 'Bánh mì'.
C) 'Bún chả'.
D) 'Gỏi cuốn'.
- 46. Which part of the chicken is referred to as 'lòng gà' in pho?
A) Immature chicken eggs
B) Chicken breast
C) Chicken thigh
D) Chicken innards
- 47. Which spice is sometimes omitted in chicken phở due to its role in reducing beef smell?
A) Charred ginger
B) Star anise
C) Cinnamon
D) Cloves
- 48. Which of the following is a common way to prepare the meat before adding it to beef pho?
A) Raw
B) Frozen
C) Sauteed
D) Boiled
- 49. What is the purpose of roasting ginger and onion before adding them to the stock?
A) To make them softer
B) To reduce their size
C) To change their color
D) To bring out their full flavor
- 50. Which of the following is a type of chicken part used in chicken pho?
A) Beef ball
B) Beef brisket
C) Chicken thigh
D) Beef tripe
- 51. Which of the following is not a seasoning used in pho broth?
A) Star anise
B) Oregano
C) Coriander seed
D) Cinnamon
- 52. Which of the following is not a common spice used in pho broth?
A) Cloves
B) Star anise
C) Thyme
D) Cinnamon
- 53. Which herb is not typically used in Northern pho?
A) Thai basil
B) Scallions
C) Pickled garlic
D) Cilantro
- 54. What is a special garnish prepared in Central pho?
A) Hoisin sauce
B) Bean sprouts
C) Scallions
D) Pickled papaya
- 55. What type of meat might be used in provincial variations of pho?
A) Fish and shrimp
B) Duck, buffalo, goat, or veal
C) Chicken and beef
D) Pork and lamb
- 56. What is the name of the phở-like Filipino dish popular in Palawan island?
A) Phở Lào
B) Phở sốt vang
C) Chao long
D) Bún bò Huế
- 57. Which citrus fruit is used in the Filipino chao long dish?
A) Lime
B) Orange
C) Calamansi
D) Lemon
- 58. Which street in Saigon was famous for its beef phở?
A) Pasteur Street
B) Phở Công Lý
C) Hien Vuong Street
D) Phở Bắc Hải
- 59. Which U.S. President visited Phở 2000 in Ho Chi Minh City in 2000?
A) Barack Obama
B) Bill Clinton
C) Donald Trump
D) George W. Bush
- 60. Which phở chain is a subsidiary of Highlands Coffee?
A) Phở Hòa
B) Pho 75
C) Pho 24
D) Phở Bình
- 61. Which phở restaurant has locations in Washington, D.C., and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania?
A) Pho 75
B) Phở Hòa
C) Pho 24
D) Phở 10 Lý Quốc Sư
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