 - 1. What is the main ingredient in pho broth?
A) Pork bones
B) Chicken bones
C) Beef bones
D) Vegetable broth
- 2. What type of noodles are used in pho?
A) Wheat noodles
B) Egg noodles
C) Rice noodles
D) Buckwheat noodles
- 3. How is pho traditionally eaten?
A) With hands only
B) With a fork
C) From a straw
D) With chopsticks and a spoon
- 4. What time of day is pho typically consumed in Vietnam?
A) Midnight snack
B) Breakfast
C) Afternoon snack
D) Dinner
- 5. What is the traditional pho garnish that provides crunch?
A) Cilantro
B) Jalapeños
C) Bean sprouts
D) Green onions
- 6. What kind of broth is typically used in vegetarian pho?
A) Chicken broth
B) Vegetable broth
C) Bone broth
D) Beef broth
- 7. Which region of Vietnam is pho most commonly associated with?
A) Western Vietnam
B) Central Vietnam
C) Northern Vietnam
D) Southern Vietnam
- 8. How is pho pronounced?
A) Fee
B) Poe
C) Fo
D) Fuh
- 9. In which century did phở first appear in written records?
A) 21st century
B) 20th century
C) 18th century
D) 19th century
- 10. Which city is credited with the creation of traditional Vietnamese phở?
A) Nam Định
B) Hanoi
C) Hue
D) Saigon
- 11. Which of the following is NOT a common meat used in phở?
A) Beef
B) Water buffalo
C) Pork
D) Chicken
- 12. What is the date designated as the 'Day of Pho' in Vietnam?
A) November 11
B) January 1
C) December 12
D) October 10
- 13. Which of these regions is NOT believed to have influenced the development of phở?
A) Chinese
B) Indian
C) French
D) Vietnamese
- 14. Which city has a style of phở known for its sweet broth?
A) Huế
B) Saigon
C) Hanoi
D) Da Nang
- 15. What was the traditional use of water buffaloes in Vietnam before the French colonial period?
A) Meat production
B) Leather production
C) Transportation
D) Farming
- 16. Which of the following dishes is similar to phở and found in China?
A) ngau naam ho fun
B) sushi
C) bánh mì
D) pad thai
- 17. What was the name of the first Vietnamese-owned phở stand in Hanoi?
A) Cát Tường
B) Quạt Row
C) Đồng Row
D) Bờ Hồ
- 18. What type of pole did phở vendors traditionally use to carry their mobile kitchens?
A) Gánh phở
B) Phở stick
C) Bánh mì pole
D) Noodle pole
- 19. Which French dish influenced the preparation of phở broth?
A) Pot-au-feu
B) Ratatouille
C) Bouillabaisse
D) Coq au vin
- 20. What type of hat did phở vendors traditionally wear?
A) Mũ phở
B) Top hat
C) Baseball cap
D) Conical hat
- 21. Which of the following is a traditional herb used in phở?
A) Rosemary
B) Thyme
C) Basil
D) Mint
- 22. What was the primary reason for the increased availability of beef in Vietnam during the French colonial period?
A) French demand
B) Vietnamese preference
C) Chinese influence
D) American intervention
- 23. What is the name of the village in Nam Định Province known as the traditional home of phở?
A) Hanoi
B) Saigon
C) Huế
D) Vân Cù
- 24. Which of the following is a traditional way to serve phở?
A) In a bowl
B) In a cup
C) In a sandwich
D) On a plate
- 25. Which of the following is a traditional way to garnish phở?
A) Sliced yellow chilies
B) Sliced green chilies
C) Sliced black chilies
D) Sliced red chilies
- 26. How much annual revenue did pho restaurants in the United States generate during the 2000s?
A) US$100 million
B) US$1 billion
C) US$250 million
D) US$500 million
- 27. Which of the following is a traditional sauce served with phở?
A) Fish sauce
B) Mayonnaise
C) Mustard
D) Ketchup
- 28. What type of meat might be used in provincial variations of pho?
A) Duck, buffalo, goat, or veal
B) Chicken and beef
C) Fish and shrimp
D) Pork and lamb
- 29. What is the primary reason for the decline of peddler phở gánh around 1936–1946?
A) Due to competition from fast food
B) Due to lack of demand
C) Due to government regulation
D) In favor of stationary eateries
- 30. Who sold the dish ngưu nhục phấn in Hanoi?
A) French chefs.
B) Vietnamese royalty.
C) Indian traders.
D) Chinese immigrants.
- 31. Which U.S. President visited Phở 2000 in Ho Chi Minh City in 2000?
A) Barack Obama
B) George W. Bush
C) Bill Clinton
D) Donald Trump
- 32. Which phở chain is a subsidiary of Highlands Coffee?
A) Phở Hòa
B) Phở Bình
C) Pho 75
D) Pho 24
- 33. Which of the following is not a common spice used in pho broth?
A) Cloves
B) Cinnamon
C) Thyme
D) Star anise
- 34. When was chicken pho first introduced?
A) 1928
B) 1954
C) 1945
D) 1939
- 35. Which of the following is NOT a traditional herb used in phở?
A) Thai basil
B) Cilantro
C) Mint
D) Perilla
- 36. Which spice is sometimes omitted in chicken phở due to its role in reducing beef smell?
A) Charred ginger
B) Cloves
C) Cinnamon
D) Star anise
- 37. What does the Vietnamese poet Tản Đà call phở in his work 'Đánh bạc'?
A) 'Bánh mì'.
B) 'Bún chả'.
C) 'Gỏi cuốn'.
D) 'Nhục-phở'.
- 38. What is the purpose of roasting ginger and onion before adding them to the stock?
A) To bring out their full flavor
B) To make them softer
C) To change their color
D) To reduce their size
- 39. Which of the following is not a seasoning used in pho broth?
A) Coriander seed
B) Cinnamon
C) Star anise
D) Oregano
- 40. When did the Vietnamese Embassy in Mexico celebrate Phở Day?
A) April 1, 2016
B) April 2, 2016
C) April 3, 2016
D) April 4, 2016
- 41. When did the first pho restaurant open in Little Saigon, Orange County, California?
A) 1990
B) 2000
C) 1975
D) 1980
- 42. In which year was the word 'pho' added to the Shorter Oxford English Dictionary?
A) 2007
B) 2011
C) 2016
D) 1997
- 43. Which herb is not typically used in Northern pho?
A) Thai basil
B) Scallions
C) Pickled garlic
D) Cilantro
- 44. When was December 12 designated as the 'Day of Phở' by the Vietnamese government?
A) 2024
B) 2015
C) 2020
D) 2018
- 45. Which of the following is a type of chicken part used in chicken pho?
A) Beef ball
B) Beef brisket
C) Beef tripe
D) Chicken thigh
- 46. How does Jean Marquet refer to phở in his 1919 novel?
A) 'Noodles and beef!'
B) 'Beef soup!'
C) 'Yoc feu!'
D) 'Phở Hanoi!'
- 47. What rank did pho achieve on 'World's 50 Most Delicious Foods' compiled by CNN Go in 2011?
A) 5
B) 50
C) 10
D) 28
- 48. What is the name of the phở-like Filipino dish popular in Palawan island?
A) Phở sốt vang
B) Chao long
C) Bún bò Huế
D) Phở Lào
- 49. Which street in Saigon was famous for its beef phở?
A) Phở Bắc Hải
B) Phở Công Lý
C) Hien Vuong Street
D) Pasteur Street
- 50. Which of the following is a traditional way to enhance the flavor of phở?
A) Adding lime juice
B) Adding salt
C) Adding vinegar
D) Adding sugar
- 51. In which decade did pho begin to enter the mainstream in the United States?
A) 1990s
B) 1980s
C) 2000s
D) 2010s
- 52. What is the name of the style of phở that originated from Nam Định and became popular in Hanoi?
A) Nam Định style
B) Saigon style
C) Hanoi style
D) Southern style
- 53. Which part of the chicken is referred to as 'lòng gà' in pho?
A) Chicken thigh
B) Chicken innards
C) Immature chicken eggs
D) Chicken breast
- 54. In which year did the word phở first appear in a short story?
A) 1931
B) 1910
C) 1907
D) 1920
- 55. What is a phở-inspired cocktail likely to incorporate?
A) Fish sauce
B) The soup’s signature spices
C) Rice noodles
D) Lime juice
- 56. What does food historian Erica J. Peters argue about the French embrace of phở?
A) It was a result of French culinary innovation
B) It overlooks its origins as a local improvisation
C) It was a direct adaptation of French cuisine
D) It accurately reflects its historical roots
- 57. Which of the following is a common way to prepare the meat before adding it to beef pho?
A) Frozen
B) Boiled
C) Sauteed
D) Raw
- 58. What does the term ngưu nhục phấn translate to in English?
A) 'Beef noodles'.
B) 'Fish soup'.
C) 'Rice noodles'.
D) 'Chicken broth'.
- 59. Which phở restaurant has locations in Washington, D.C., and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania?
A) Pho 24
B) Phở Hòa
C) Phở 10 Lý Quốc Sư
D) Pho 75
- 60. What is a special garnish prepared in Central pho?
A) Bean sprouts
B) Scallions
C) Hoisin sauce
D) Pickled papaya
- 61. Which citrus fruit is used in the Filipino chao long dish?
A) Lime
B) Lemon
C) Orange
D) Calamansi
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