Gharial
Gharial
  • 1. What is the scientific name of the Gharial?
A) Melanosuchus niger
B) Alligator mississippiensis
C) Gavialis gangeticus
D) Crocodylus acutus
  • 2. Where is the natural habitat of the Gharial primarily located?
A) Australia
B) India
C) Kenya
D) Brazil
  • 3. What type of diet does the Gharial primarily have?
A) Fruits
B) Fish
C) Insects
D) Meat
  • 4. How many species of Gharial exist in the wild today?
A) 3
B) 4
C) 1
D) 2
  • 5. What is the population status of Gharials in the wild?
A) Critically Endangered
B) Endangered
C) Least Concern
D) Vulnerable
  • 6. How long can Gharials remain submerged underwater?
A) Up to an hour
B) Up to 30 minutes
C) Up to 45 minutes
D) Up to 2 hours
  • 7. How does the Gharial maintain body temperature?
A) Underwater breathing
B) Burrowing underground
C) Hibernating
D) Basking in sun
  • 8. How does the Gharial hunt for its prey?
A) Scavenging
B) Eagle swoop
C) Ambush hunting
D) Chase and catch
  • 9. How does the Gharial communicate with other Gharials?
A) Pheromones
B) Telepathy
C) Vocalization and body language
D) Mimicking calls of other species
  • 10. What is the Gharial's preferred choice of basking sites?
A) Grassy fields
B) Sandbanks
C) Tree branches
D) Rocky outcrops
  • 11. To which family does the gharial belong?
A) Crocodylidae
B) Varanidae
C) Gavialidae
D) Alligatoridae
  • 12. How many sharp teeth do gharials have?
A) 150
B) 110
C) 80
D) 50
  • 13. Where did the gharial probably evolve?
A) Southeast Asia
B) Southern African region
C) Amazon Basin
D) Northern Indian subcontinent
  • 14. When do gharials mate?
A) During the monsoon
B) At the end of the cold season
C) In spring
D) Throughout the year
  • 15. How many eggs can a female gharial lay in her nest?
A) 5–10 eggs
B) 50–70 eggs
C) 20–95 eggs
D) 100–150 eggs
  • 16. When were the oldest known depictions of the gharial found?
A) About 1,000 years old
B) About 4,000 years old
C) About 10,000 years old
D) About 500 years old
  • 17. In which ancient civilization were the oldest depictions of the gharial found?
A) Indus Valley
B) Minoan
C) Egyptian
D) Mesopotamian
  • 18. Which deity's vehicle is the gharial considered to be in Hinduism?
A) Wind god Vayu
B) War god Kṛṣṇa
C) River deity Gaṅgā
D) Sun god Surya
  • 19. What percentage of its historical range does the gharial population currently occupy?
A) 90%
B) 75%
C) Only 2%
D) 50%
  • 20. Who proposed the scientific name Lacerta gangetica in 1789?
A) Pierre Joseph Bonnaterre
B) Johann Friedrich Gmelin
C) Carl Linnaeus
D) Georges Cuvier
  • 21. Which genus did Johann Gottlob Theaenus Schneider propose for the gharial in 1801?
A) Rhamphostoma
B) Crocodilus arctirostris
C) Crocodilus longirostris
D) Gavialis
  • 22. Who proposed the genus Gavialis in 1811?
A) Arthur Adams
B) François Marie Daudin
C) Johann Georg Wagler
D) Nicolaus Michael Oppel
  • 23. In which year did Georges Cuvier propose the subgroup Longirostres?
A) 1807
B) 1830
C) 1811
D) 1789
  • 24. Who proposed the family name Gavialidae in 1854?
A) John Edward Gray
B) Richard Lydekker
C) Arthur Adams
D) Albert Günther
  • 25. Which naturalist considered the gharial monotypic in 1869?
A) John Edward Gray
B) Richard Lydekker
C) Johann Friedrich Gmelin
D) Nicolaus Michael Oppel
  • 26. What was the name proposed by Richard Lydekker in 1886 based on a fossil skull from the Sivalik Hills?
A) Tomistoma schlegelii
B) Rhamphostoma
C) Gharialis hysudricus
D) Crocodilus gangeticus
  • 27. Which genus did Johann Georg Wagler propose in 1830?
A) Longirostres
B) Gavialis
C) Rhamphostoma
D) Crocodilus
  • 28. How many gharials were released in the Ganges between 2009 and 2012?
A) 700
B) 300
C) 600
D) 494
  • 29. Which other crocodilian shares riverine habitat with the gharial?
A) American alligator.
B) Nile crocodile.
C) Saltwater crocodile.
D) The mugger crocodile (Crocodylus palustris).
  • 30. What type of soil do gharials use to lay their eggs?
A) Sandy soil near water.
B) Grassy fields.
C) Rocky crevices in riverbanks.
D) Clayey soil away from water.
  • 31. What is the estimated global population of gharials as of 2019?
A) 600 individuals
B) 500 individuals
C) 900 individuals
D) 1000 individuals
  • 32. What is the color of a gharial's belly?
A) Dark brown
B) Yellowish-white
C) Olive-colored
D) Black
  • 33. What route did the Gavialis use to disperse to Java during the Quaternary?
A) An overland migration path
B) The Siva–Malayan route
C) The Himalayan route
D) A saltwater crossing route
  • 34. What do juvenile gharials use to maneuver fish into their gullets?
A) Bite and tear pieces
B) Jerk their heads back
C) Swim in circles around the prey
D) Use their tails
  • 35. At what age do young gharials change to an adult pattern of locomotion?
A) 36 months
B) 12 months
C) 24 months
D) 8–9 months
  • 36. Which book by Zahir-ud-din Muhammad Babur mentions a gharial sighting?
A) Ramayana
B) Mahabharata
C) Baburnama
D) Arthashastra
  • 37. What triggers female gharials to dig up hatchlings?
A) Temperature change
B) Rainfall
C) Hatching chirps
D) Sight of predators
  • 38. What local name is given to the gharial in Odia?
A) 'Ghadiala'
B) 'Susar'
C) 'Thantia kumhira'
D) 'Nakar'
  • 39. Do captive male gharials participate in guarding nests?
A) They only guard if there are no females present
B) Yes, they always guard the nests
C) No, they generally do not
D) Only during mating season
  • 40. What is unique about the gharial's aquatic behavior compared to other crocodilians?
A) It spends more time on land than in water.
B) It is the most thoroughly aquatic crocodilian.
C) It can stay underwater for extended periods without surfacing.
D) It primarily hunts in saltwater environments.
  • 41. What sound can male gharials emit using their nasal protuberance?
A) A whistling sound
B) A hissing sound
C) A croaking sound
D) A roaring sound
  • 42. What is the length ratio of the adult gharial's snout to the width of its skull base?
A) 3.5 times longer
B) Equal in length
C) 2 times longer
D) 4 times longer
  • 43. What unusual items have been found in gharial stomachs?
A) Plastic waste
B) Jewellery
C) Seeds
D) Fruits
  • 44. By what year was the gharial considered extinct in the Koshi River?
A) 2007
B) 2019
C) 1970
D) 1988
  • 45. What is the body length range of gharials at three years?
A) 34–39.2 cm
B) 169–229 cm
C) 80–116 cm
D) 130–158 cm
  • 46. How many hatchlings were counted at two nesting sites in the Parbati River in 2017?
A) 300
B) 150
C) 251
D) 400
  • 47. In which year was the Indian Crocodile Conservation Project established?
A) 2004
B) 1991
C) 1982
D) 1975
  • 48. Which group is the gharial most closely related to according to molecular studies?
A) The false gharial
B) Nile crocodile
C) Alligatoroids
D) American alligator
  • 49. When do adult male and female gharials typically associate?
A) By mid February.
B) Throughout the year without specific timing.
C) In the early spring.
D) During the rainy season.
  • 50. What was the primary focus of gharial conservation since the late 1970s?
A) Habitat destruction
B) Legal protection
C) Pollution control
D) Reintroduction
  • 51. Where were gharial depictions found that date back to the 3rd century BC?
A) Stonehenge
B) Pyramids of Giza
C) Sanchi Stupa
D) Great Wall of China
  • 52. What was the estimated number of mature adults in the Gandaki River section from the Triveni barrage to the confluence with the Ganges?
A) 300 adults
B) 100 adults
C) 400 adults
D) 196 adults
  • 53. How far do reproductive female gharials move to join breeding groups?
A) 80–120 km (50–75 mi)
B) 200–300 km (125–186 mi)
C) 500–600 km (310–373 mi)
D) 10–20 km (6–12 mi)
  • 54. How many gharials were recorded in the National Chambal Sanctuary in 1974?
A) 50
B) 107
C) 150
D) 200
  • 55. By how much did the gharial population decline from 1946 to 2006?
A) 85–90%
B) 50–60%
C) 96–98%
D) 75–80%
  • 56. What is the body length range of gharials at 75 months?
A) 140–167 cm
B) 80–116 cm
C) 34–39.2 cm
D) 169–229 cm
  • 57. What percentage of similarity in mitochondrial DNA sequences supports the sister taxa view for gharial and false gharial?
A) 100%
B) 80%
C) 60%
D) 94%
  • 58. Which year marked the first confirmed sighting of gharials in Pakistan after a presumed absence?
A) 1998
B) 2023
C) 2017
D) 2004
  • 59. From which zoo was a male gharial flown in to become part of the breeding program?
A) San Diego Zoo
B) Frankfurt Zoological Garden
C) Berlin Zoo
D) London Zoo
  • 60. Which period do fossil gharial remains in the Ayeyarwady River valley date to?
A) The Late Pleistocene
B) The Eocene
C) The Early Miocene
D) The Pliocene
  • 61. Under which international agreement is the gharial listed?
A) Bonn Convention on Migratory Species
B) Montreal Protocol
C) IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
D) CITES Appendix I
  • 62. What does 'thantia' mean in Sanskrit, related to the Odia name for gharial?
A) Sun, light, warmth
B) Beak, snout, elephant's trunk
C) River, water, flow
D) Tree, leaf, branch
  • 63. How does the weight of a 4.9 m long gharial compare to a 4.8 m long Nile crocodile?
A) The gharial weighs more, about 680 kg
B) The gharial weighs less, around 560 kg
C) The gharial weighs about 700 kg
D) Both weigh the same
  • 64. In which year were riverbanks of Girwa river cleared from woody vegetation?
A) 2021
B) 2019
C) 2020
D) 2018
  • 65. How many gharials were released in the Son River between 1981 and 2011?
A) 200 captive-reared gharials
B) 100 captive-reared gharials
C) 250 captive-reared gharials
D) 164 captive-reared gharials
  • 66. What unique feature do male gharials develop upon reaching sexual maturity?
A) Longer tails
B) Brightly colored scales
C) A hollow bulbous nasal protuberance
D) Webbed feet
  • 67. How many gharial nests were recorded on the Girwa river stretch in 2020?
A) 25
B) 30
C) 36
D) 40
  • 68. What is the average weight range for a mature male gharial?
A) 977 kg (2,154 lb)
B) 160 kg (350 lb)
C) 600–750 kg (1,320–1,650 lb)
D) 560 kg (1,230 lb)
  • 69. Which sanctuary in Nepal has a small recovering population of gharials?
A) Chitwan National Park
B) Corbett National Park
C) Bardia National Park
D) Valmiki Tiger Reserve
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