Gharial
Gharial
  • 1. What is the scientific name of the Gharial?
A) Gavialis gangeticus
B) Alligator mississippiensis
C) Melanosuchus niger
D) Crocodylus acutus
  • 2. Where is the natural habitat of the Gharial primarily located?
A) India
B) Brazil
C) Australia
D) Kenya
  • 3. What type of diet does the Gharial primarily have?
A) Meat
B) Fish
C) Fruits
D) Insects
  • 4. How many species of Gharial exist in the wild today?
A) 3
B) 2
C) 1
D) 4
  • 5. What is the population status of Gharials in the wild?
A) Least Concern
B) Endangered
C) Critically Endangered
D) Vulnerable
  • 6. How long can Gharials remain submerged underwater?
A) Up to 45 minutes
B) Up to 30 minutes
C) Up to 2 hours
D) Up to an hour
  • 7. How does the Gharial maintain body temperature?
A) Burrowing underground
B) Hibernating
C) Underwater breathing
D) Basking in sun
  • 8. How does the Gharial hunt for its prey?
A) Chase and catch
B) Scavenging
C) Eagle swoop
D) Ambush hunting
  • 9. How does the Gharial communicate with other Gharials?
A) Vocalization and body language
B) Mimicking calls of other species
C) Telepathy
D) Pheromones
  • 10. What is the Gharial's preferred choice of basking sites?
A) Tree branches
B) Grassy fields
C) Sandbanks
D) Rocky outcrops
  • 11. To which family does the gharial belong?
A) Gavialidae
B) Crocodylidae
C) Alligatoridae
D) Varanidae
  • 12. How many sharp teeth do gharials have?
A) 80
B) 50
C) 110
D) 150
  • 13. Where did the gharial probably evolve?
A) Southeast Asia
B) Amazon Basin
C) Southern African region
D) Northern Indian subcontinent
  • 14. When do gharials mate?
A) In spring
B) At the end of the cold season
C) Throughout the year
D) During the monsoon
  • 15. How many eggs can a female gharial lay in her nest?
A) 50–70 eggs
B) 5–10 eggs
C) 20–95 eggs
D) 100–150 eggs
  • 16. When were the oldest known depictions of the gharial found?
A) About 4,000 years old
B) About 1,000 years old
C) About 500 years old
D) About 10,000 years old
  • 17. In which ancient civilization were the oldest depictions of the gharial found?
A) Mesopotamian
B) Minoan
C) Egyptian
D) Indus Valley
  • 18. Which deity's vehicle is the gharial considered to be in Hinduism?
A) Wind god Vayu
B) War god Kṛṣṇa
C) Sun god Surya
D) River deity Gaṅgā
  • 19. What percentage of its historical range does the gharial population currently occupy?
A) 90%
B) 75%
C) 50%
D) Only 2%
  • 20. Who proposed the scientific name Lacerta gangetica in 1789?
A) Georges Cuvier
B) Carl Linnaeus
C) Johann Friedrich Gmelin
D) Pierre Joseph Bonnaterre
  • 21. Which genus did Johann Gottlob Theaenus Schneider propose for the gharial in 1801?
A) Rhamphostoma
B) Crocodilus longirostris
C) Gavialis
D) Crocodilus arctirostris
  • 22. Who proposed the genus Gavialis in 1811?
A) Johann Georg Wagler
B) Arthur Adams
C) François Marie Daudin
D) Nicolaus Michael Oppel
  • 23. In which year did Georges Cuvier propose the subgroup Longirostres?
A) 1811
B) 1789
C) 1807
D) 1830
  • 24. Who proposed the family name Gavialidae in 1854?
A) Richard Lydekker
B) Arthur Adams
C) Albert Günther
D) John Edward Gray
  • 25. Which naturalist considered the gharial monotypic in 1869?
A) Nicolaus Michael Oppel
B) John Edward Gray
C) Johann Friedrich Gmelin
D) Richard Lydekker
  • 26. What was the name proposed by Richard Lydekker in 1886 based on a fossil skull from the Sivalik Hills?
A) Tomistoma schlegelii
B) Rhamphostoma
C) Crocodilus gangeticus
D) Gharialis hysudricus
  • 27. Which genus did Johann Georg Wagler propose in 1830?
A) Rhamphostoma
B) Crocodilus
C) Gavialis
D) Longirostres
  • 28. How many gharials were released in the Ganges between 2009 and 2012?
A) 494
B) 700
C) 600
D) 300
  • 29. Which other crocodilian shares riverine habitat with the gharial?
A) Nile crocodile.
B) American alligator.
C) Saltwater crocodile.
D) The mugger crocodile (Crocodylus palustris).
  • 30. What type of soil do gharials use to lay their eggs?
A) Sandy soil near water.
B) Clayey soil away from water.
C) Grassy fields.
D) Rocky crevices in riverbanks.
  • 31. What is the estimated global population of gharials as of 2019?
A) 1000 individuals
B) 500 individuals
C) 900 individuals
D) 600 individuals
  • 32. What is the color of a gharial's belly?
A) Olive-colored
B) Yellowish-white
C) Black
D) Dark brown
  • 33. What route did the Gavialis use to disperse to Java during the Quaternary?
A) An overland migration path
B) The Himalayan route
C) A saltwater crossing route
D) The Siva–Malayan route
  • 34. What do juvenile gharials use to maneuver fish into their gullets?
A) Swim in circles around the prey
B) Jerk their heads back
C) Bite and tear pieces
D) Use their tails
  • 35. At what age do young gharials change to an adult pattern of locomotion?
A) 8–9 months
B) 12 months
C) 36 months
D) 24 months
  • 36. Which book by Zahir-ud-din Muhammad Babur mentions a gharial sighting?
A) Baburnama
B) Arthashastra
C) Ramayana
D) Mahabharata
  • 37. What triggers female gharials to dig up hatchlings?
A) Rainfall
B) Hatching chirps
C) Temperature change
D) Sight of predators
  • 38. What local name is given to the gharial in Odia?
A) 'Thantia kumhira'
B) 'Susar'
C) 'Nakar'
D) 'Ghadiala'
  • 39. Do captive male gharials participate in guarding nests?
A) Yes, they always guard the nests
B) Only during mating season
C) They only guard if there are no females present
D) No, they generally do not
  • 40. What is unique about the gharial's aquatic behavior compared to other crocodilians?
A) It spends more time on land than in water.
B) It primarily hunts in saltwater environments.
C) It is the most thoroughly aquatic crocodilian.
D) It can stay underwater for extended periods without surfacing.
  • 41. What sound can male gharials emit using their nasal protuberance?
A) A hissing sound
B) A roaring sound
C) A whistling sound
D) A croaking sound
  • 42. What is the length ratio of the adult gharial's snout to the width of its skull base?
A) 3.5 times longer
B) Equal in length
C) 2 times longer
D) 4 times longer
  • 43. What unusual items have been found in gharial stomachs?
A) Jewellery
B) Plastic waste
C) Fruits
D) Seeds
  • 44. By what year was the gharial considered extinct in the Koshi River?
A) 2007
B) 1988
C) 2019
D) 1970
  • 45. What is the body length range of gharials at three years?
A) 34–39.2 cm
B) 130–158 cm
C) 169–229 cm
D) 80–116 cm
  • 46. How many hatchlings were counted at two nesting sites in the Parbati River in 2017?
A) 150
B) 300
C) 251
D) 400
  • 47. In which year was the Indian Crocodile Conservation Project established?
A) 1975
B) 1991
C) 2004
D) 1982
  • 48. Which group is the gharial most closely related to according to molecular studies?
A) American alligator
B) Nile crocodile
C) The false gharial
D) Alligatoroids
  • 49. When do adult male and female gharials typically associate?
A) In the early spring.
B) During the rainy season.
C) Throughout the year without specific timing.
D) By mid February.
  • 50. What was the primary focus of gharial conservation since the late 1970s?
A) Reintroduction
B) Pollution control
C) Legal protection
D) Habitat destruction
  • 51. Where were gharial depictions found that date back to the 3rd century BC?
A) Pyramids of Giza
B) Stonehenge
C) Great Wall of China
D) Sanchi Stupa
  • 52. What was the estimated number of mature adults in the Gandaki River section from the Triveni barrage to the confluence with the Ganges?
A) 196 adults
B) 100 adults
C) 400 adults
D) 300 adults
  • 53. How far do reproductive female gharials move to join breeding groups?
A) 500–600 km (310–373 mi)
B) 10–20 km (6–12 mi)
C) 200–300 km (125–186 mi)
D) 80–120 km (50–75 mi)
  • 54. How many gharials were recorded in the National Chambal Sanctuary in 1974?
A) 200
B) 150
C) 50
D) 107
  • 55. By how much did the gharial population decline from 1946 to 2006?
A) 50–60%
B) 96–98%
C) 75–80%
D) 85–90%
  • 56. What is the body length range of gharials at 75 months?
A) 80–116 cm
B) 34–39.2 cm
C) 169–229 cm
D) 140–167 cm
  • 57. What percentage of similarity in mitochondrial DNA sequences supports the sister taxa view for gharial and false gharial?
A) 80%
B) 60%
C) 100%
D) 94%
  • 58. Which year marked the first confirmed sighting of gharials in Pakistan after a presumed absence?
A) 2017
B) 2004
C) 2023
D) 1998
  • 59. From which zoo was a male gharial flown in to become part of the breeding program?
A) London Zoo
B) Frankfurt Zoological Garden
C) San Diego Zoo
D) Berlin Zoo
  • 60. Which period do fossil gharial remains in the Ayeyarwady River valley date to?
A) The Late Pleistocene
B) The Pliocene
C) The Early Miocene
D) The Eocene
  • 61. Under which international agreement is the gharial listed?
A) CITES Appendix I
B) IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
C) Montreal Protocol
D) Bonn Convention on Migratory Species
  • 62. What does 'thantia' mean in Sanskrit, related to the Odia name for gharial?
A) Sun, light, warmth
B) Beak, snout, elephant's trunk
C) River, water, flow
D) Tree, leaf, branch
  • 63. How does the weight of a 4.9 m long gharial compare to a 4.8 m long Nile crocodile?
A) The gharial weighs less, around 560 kg
B) The gharial weighs about 700 kg
C) The gharial weighs more, about 680 kg
D) Both weigh the same
  • 64. In which year were riverbanks of Girwa river cleared from woody vegetation?
A) 2020
B) 2018
C) 2019
D) 2021
  • 65. How many gharials were released in the Son River between 1981 and 2011?
A) 200 captive-reared gharials
B) 164 captive-reared gharials
C) 250 captive-reared gharials
D) 100 captive-reared gharials
  • 66. What unique feature do male gharials develop upon reaching sexual maturity?
A) Webbed feet
B) Brightly colored scales
C) A hollow bulbous nasal protuberance
D) Longer tails
  • 67. How many gharial nests were recorded on the Girwa river stretch in 2020?
A) 36
B) 25
C) 30
D) 40
  • 68. What is the average weight range for a mature male gharial?
A) 560 kg (1,230 lb)
B) 977 kg (2,154 lb)
C) 600–750 kg (1,320–1,650 lb)
D) 160 kg (350 lb)
  • 69. Which sanctuary in Nepal has a small recovering population of gharials?
A) Chitwan National Park
B) Valmiki Tiger Reserve
C) Corbett National Park
D) Bardia National Park
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