Gharial
Gharial
  • 1. What is the scientific name of the Gharial?
A) Gavialis gangeticus
B) Crocodylus acutus
C) Alligator mississippiensis
D) Melanosuchus niger
  • 2. Where is the natural habitat of the Gharial primarily located?
A) Brazil
B) Australia
C) India
D) Kenya
  • 3. What type of diet does the Gharial primarily have?
A) Meat
B) Fruits
C) Insects
D) Fish
  • 4. How many species of Gharial exist in the wild today?
A) 3
B) 1
C) 4
D) 2
  • 5. What is the population status of Gharials in the wild?
A) Endangered
B) Critically Endangered
C) Least Concern
D) Vulnerable
  • 6. How long can Gharials remain submerged underwater?
A) Up to 45 minutes
B) Up to 30 minutes
C) Up to 2 hours
D) Up to an hour
  • 7. How does the Gharial maintain body temperature?
A) Basking in sun
B) Underwater breathing
C) Burrowing underground
D) Hibernating
  • 8. How does the Gharial hunt for its prey?
A) Scavenging
B) Eagle swoop
C) Chase and catch
D) Ambush hunting
  • 9. How does the Gharial communicate with other Gharials?
A) Mimicking calls of other species
B) Pheromones
C) Vocalization and body language
D) Telepathy
  • 10. What is the Gharial's preferred choice of basking sites?
A) Rocky outcrops
B) Tree branches
C) Grassy fields
D) Sandbanks
  • 11. To which family does the gharial belong?
A) Alligatoridae
B) Gavialidae
C) Varanidae
D) Crocodylidae
  • 12. How many sharp teeth do gharials have?
A) 80
B) 110
C) 50
D) 150
  • 13. Where did the gharial probably evolve?
A) Southern African region
B) Northern Indian subcontinent
C) Amazon Basin
D) Southeast Asia
  • 14. When do gharials mate?
A) In spring
B) Throughout the year
C) During the monsoon
D) At the end of the cold season
  • 15. How many eggs can a female gharial lay in her nest?
A) 20–95 eggs
B) 100–150 eggs
C) 50–70 eggs
D) 5–10 eggs
  • 16. When were the oldest known depictions of the gharial found?
A) About 4,000 years old
B) About 10,000 years old
C) About 1,000 years old
D) About 500 years old
  • 17. In which ancient civilization were the oldest depictions of the gharial found?
A) Indus Valley
B) Minoan
C) Egyptian
D) Mesopotamian
  • 18. Which deity's vehicle is the gharial considered to be in Hinduism?
A) Sun god Surya
B) Wind god Vayu
C) River deity Gaṅgā
D) War god Kṛṣṇa
  • 19. What percentage of its historical range does the gharial population currently occupy?
A) 75%
B) 90%
C) Only 2%
D) 50%
  • 20. Who proposed the scientific name Lacerta gangetica in 1789?
A) Johann Friedrich Gmelin
B) Carl Linnaeus
C) Georges Cuvier
D) Pierre Joseph Bonnaterre
  • 21. Which genus did Johann Gottlob Theaenus Schneider propose for the gharial in 1801?
A) Crocodilus arctirostris
B) Gavialis
C) Rhamphostoma
D) Crocodilus longirostris
  • 22. Who proposed the genus Gavialis in 1811?
A) Nicolaus Michael Oppel
B) Arthur Adams
C) François Marie Daudin
D) Johann Georg Wagler
  • 23. In which year did Georges Cuvier propose the subgroup Longirostres?
A) 1830
B) 1807
C) 1811
D) 1789
  • 24. Who proposed the family name Gavialidae in 1854?
A) Richard Lydekker
B) Albert Günther
C) Arthur Adams
D) John Edward Gray
  • 25. Which naturalist considered the gharial monotypic in 1869?
A) Johann Friedrich Gmelin
B) Nicolaus Michael Oppel
C) John Edward Gray
D) Richard Lydekker
  • 26. What was the name proposed by Richard Lydekker in 1886 based on a fossil skull from the Sivalik Hills?
A) Rhamphostoma
B) Crocodilus gangeticus
C) Tomistoma schlegelii
D) Gharialis hysudricus
  • 27. Which genus did Johann Georg Wagler propose in 1830?
A) Rhamphostoma
B) Longirostres
C) Gavialis
D) Crocodilus
  • 28. What route did the Gavialis use to disperse to Java during the Quaternary?
A) An overland migration path
B) The Himalayan route
C) The Siva–Malayan route
D) A saltwater crossing route
  • 29. Which period do fossil gharial remains in the Ayeyarwady River valley date to?
A) The Late Pleistocene
B) The Early Miocene
C) The Eocene
D) The Pliocene
  • 30. What percentage of similarity in mitochondrial DNA sequences supports the sister taxa view for gharial and false gharial?
A) 94%
B) 60%
C) 100%
D) 80%
  • 31. Which group is the gharial most closely related to according to molecular studies?
A) Nile crocodile
B) The false gharial
C) American alligator
D) Alligatoroids
  • 32. What unique feature do male gharials develop upon reaching sexual maturity?
A) Longer tails
B) Brightly colored scales
C) A hollow bulbous nasal protuberance
D) Webbed feet
  • 33. What is the average weight range for a mature male gharial?
A) 600–750 kg (1,320–1,650 lb)
B) 560 kg (1,230 lb)
C) 160 kg (350 lb)
D) 977 kg (2,154 lb)
  • 34. What sound can male gharials emit using their nasal protuberance?
A) A croaking sound
B) A hissing sound
C) A whistling sound
D) A roaring sound
  • 35. How does the weight of a 4.9 m long gharial compare to a 4.8 m long Nile crocodile?
A) The gharial weighs less, around 560 kg
B) The gharial weighs more, about 680 kg
C) The gharial weighs about 700 kg
D) Both weigh the same
  • 36. What is the length ratio of the adult gharial's snout to the width of its skull base?
A) 3.5 times longer
B) 4 times longer
C) Equal in length
D) 2 times longer
  • 37. What is the color of a gharial's belly?
A) Yellowish-white
B) Black
C) Dark brown
D) Olive-colored
  • 38. By what year was the gharial considered extinct in the Koshi River?
A) 2019
B) 2007
C) 1970
D) 1988
  • 39. What is the estimated global population of gharials as of 2019?
A) 900 individuals
B) 500 individuals
C) 600 individuals
D) 1000 individuals
  • 40. Which sanctuary in Nepal has a small recovering population of gharials?
A) Chitwan National Park
B) Valmiki Tiger Reserve
C) Bardia National Park
D) Corbett National Park
  • 41. How many gharials were released in the Ganges between 2009 and 2012?
A) 494
B) 300
C) 700
D) 600
  • 42. What was the estimated number of mature adults in the Gandaki River section from the Triveni barrage to the confluence with the Ganges?
A) 100 adults
B) 300 adults
C) 400 adults
D) 196 adults
  • 43. How many gharials were recorded in the National Chambal Sanctuary in 1974?
A) 107
B) 150
C) 200
D) 50
  • 44. How many gharials were released in the Son River between 1981 and 2011?
A) 100 captive-reared gharials
B) 164 captive-reared gharials
C) 200 captive-reared gharials
D) 250 captive-reared gharials
  • 45. How many hatchlings were counted at two nesting sites in the Parbati River in 2017?
A) 300
B) 251
C) 400
D) 150
  • 46. What is unique about the gharial's aquatic behavior compared to other crocodilians?
A) It spends more time on land than in water.
B) It primarily hunts in saltwater environments.
C) It is the most thoroughly aquatic crocodilian.
D) It can stay underwater for extended periods without surfacing.
  • 47. When do adult male and female gharials typically associate?
A) In the early spring.
B) By mid February.
C) During the rainy season.
D) Throughout the year without specific timing.
  • 48. Which other crocodilian shares riverine habitat with the gharial?
A) Saltwater crocodile.
B) The mugger crocodile (Crocodylus palustris).
C) Nile crocodile.
D) American alligator.
  • 49. What type of soil do gharials use to lay their eggs?
A) Rocky crevices in riverbanks.
B) Grassy fields.
C) Sandy soil near water.
D) Clayey soil away from water.
  • 50. What do juvenile gharials use to maneuver fish into their gullets?
A) Swim in circles around the prey
B) Use their tails
C) Bite and tear pieces
D) Jerk their heads back
  • 51. What unusual items have been found in gharial stomachs?
A) Plastic waste
B) Fruits
C) Seeds
D) Jewellery
  • 52. How far do reproductive female gharials move to join breeding groups?
A) 200–300 km (125–186 mi)
B) 500–600 km (310–373 mi)
C) 10–20 km (6–12 mi)
D) 80–120 km (50–75 mi)
  • 53. What triggers female gharials to dig up hatchlings?
A) Sight of predators
B) Hatching chirps
C) Rainfall
D) Temperature change
  • 54. Do captive male gharials participate in guarding nests?
A) No, they generally do not
B) They only guard if there are no females present
C) Yes, they always guard the nests
D) Only during mating season
  • 55. At what age do young gharials change to an adult pattern of locomotion?
A) 24 months
B) 8–9 months
C) 12 months
D) 36 months
  • 56. What is the body length range of gharials at three years?
A) 130–158 cm
B) 169–229 cm
C) 80–116 cm
D) 34–39.2 cm
  • 57. What is the body length range of gharials at 75 months?
A) 34–39.2 cm
B) 80–116 cm
C) 140–167 cm
D) 169–229 cm
  • 58. By how much did the gharial population decline from 1946 to 2006?
A) 75–80%
B) 96–98%
C) 50–60%
D) 85–90%
  • 59. Under which international agreement is the gharial listed?
A) CITES Appendix I
B) Montreal Protocol
C) IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
D) Bonn Convention on Migratory Species
  • 60. In which year was the Indian Crocodile Conservation Project established?
A) 1982
B) 1991
C) 2004
D) 1975
  • 61. From which zoo was a male gharial flown in to become part of the breeding program?
A) San Diego Zoo
B) Frankfurt Zoological Garden
C) London Zoo
D) Berlin Zoo
  • 62. What was the primary focus of gharial conservation since the late 1970s?
A) Reintroduction
B) Pollution control
C) Habitat destruction
D) Legal protection
  • 63. Which year marked the first confirmed sighting of gharials in Pakistan after a presumed absence?
A) 1998
B) 2004
C) 2023
D) 2017
  • 64. In which year were riverbanks of Girwa river cleared from woody vegetation?
A) 2018
B) 2020
C) 2021
D) 2019
  • 65. How many gharial nests were recorded on the Girwa river stretch in 2020?
A) 30
B) 36
C) 25
D) 40
  • 66. Where were gharial depictions found that date back to the 3rd century BC?
A) Sanchi Stupa
B) Pyramids of Giza
C) Great Wall of China
D) Stonehenge
  • 67. Which book by Zahir-ud-din Muhammad Babur mentions a gharial sighting?
A) Baburnama
B) Mahabharata
C) Arthashastra
D) Ramayana
  • 68. What local name is given to the gharial in Odia?
A) 'Nakar'
B) 'Thantia kumhira'
C) 'Susar'
D) 'Ghadiala'
  • 69. What does 'thantia' mean in Sanskrit, related to the Odia name for gharial?
A) River, water, flow
B) Sun, light, warmth
C) Beak, snout, elephant's trunk
D) Tree, leaf, branch
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