How to Identify and Classify Millipedes
  • 1. What class do millipedes belong to?
A) Chilopoda
B) Insecta
C) Arachnida
D) Diplopoda
  • 2. A key characteristic of millipedes is having how many legs per body segment?
A) One pair
B) None
C) Two pairs
D) Three pairs
  • 3. The term 'Diplopoda' refers to what?
A) Many eyes
B) Armored body
C) Double foot
D) Hundred legs
  • 4. Millipedes are primarily what type of feeders?
A) Carnivores
B) Parasites
C) Detritivores
D) Herbivores
  • 5. The hard outer covering of a millipede is called?
A) Exoskeleton
B) Cuticle
C) Endoskeleton
D) Integument
  • 6. What is the function of repugnatorial glands in some millipedes?
A) Defense
B) Digestion
C) Respiration
D) Reproduction
  • 7. What is the first segment behind the head called?
A) Telson
B) Cephalothorax
C) Collum
D) Pygidium
  • 8. What is the primary habitat of most millipedes?
A) Moist environments
B) Arctic regions
C) Aquatic environments
D) Deserts
  • 9. Millipedes breathe through which structures?
A) Skin
B) Lungs
C) Gills
D) Spiracles
  • 10. What term describes the shedding of the exoskeleton?
A) Hibernation
B) Estivation
C) Metamorphosis
D) Molting
  • 11. Which body part is used for identifying orders and species?
A) Gonopods
B) Antennae
C) Legs
D) Eyes
  • 12. Which order is characterized by having lateral keels?
A) Spirobolida
B) Polydesmida
C) Spirostreptida
D) Glomerida
  • 13. Which order of millipedes are known for their ability to roll into a ball?
A) Polydesmida
B) Glomerida
C) Julida
D) Spirobolida
  • 14. What is the function of ozopores?
A) Sensing the environment
B) Respiration
C) Grasping food
D) Secretion of defensive fluids
  • 15. The number of segments in a millipede body is generally what?
A) Fixed at 100
B) Fixed at 30
C) Variable
D) Fixed at 10
  • 16. Which order of millipedes often have cylindrical bodies?
A) Platydesmida
B) Spirobolida
C) Polydesmida
D) Glomerida
  • 17. Which type of microscope is commonly used for examining millipede genitalia?
A) Darkfield microscope
B) Compound microscope
C) Electron microscope
D) Stereo microscope
  • 18. Which feature is MOST important for accurate millipede classification?
A) Number of legs
B) Body color
C) Habitat
D) Gonopod morphology
  • 19. What does the term 'aposematic coloration' refer to?
A) Warning coloration
B) Sexual dimorphism
C) Mimicry
D) Camouflage
  • 20. Where are repugnatorial glands typically located?
A) On the legs
B) Along the body segments
C) At the tail
D) On the head
  • 21. What is the primary role of millipedes in the ecosystem?
A) Parasitism
B) Pollination
C) Decomposition
D) Predation
  • 22. What is a common defense mechanism of flat-backed millipedes (Polydesmida)?
A) Secretion of noxious chemicals
B) Fast running
C) Rolling into a ball
D) Biting
  • 23. Which feature is NOT helpful for identifying millipede species?
A) Gonopod structure
B) Body segment shape
C) Number of ocelli
D) Habitat
  • 24. What is the function of Tömösváry organs?
A) Humidity sensing
B) Sound sensing
C) Chemical sensing
D) Light sensing
  • 25. What is the approximate lifespan of most millipede species?
A) A few weeks
B) A few months
C) A few days
D) Several years
  • 26. Which continent has the highest millipede diversity?
A) North America
B) Asia
C) Europe
D) Africa
  • 27. What is the function of the gnathochilarium?
A) Mouthparts
B) Defensive glands
C) Sensory organs
D) Reproductive organs
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