How to Identify and Classify Millipedes
  • 1. What class do millipedes belong to?
A) Arachnida
B) Chilopoda
C) Insecta
D) Diplopoda
  • 2. A key characteristic of millipedes is having how many legs per body segment?
A) One pair
B) Three pairs
C) Two pairs
D) None
  • 3. The term 'Diplopoda' refers to what?
A) Double foot
B) Hundred legs
C) Armored body
D) Many eyes
  • 4. Millipedes are primarily what type of feeders?
A) Parasites
B) Carnivores
C) Herbivores
D) Detritivores
  • 5. The hard outer covering of a millipede is called?
A) Integument
B) Cuticle
C) Exoskeleton
D) Endoskeleton
  • 6. What is the function of repugnatorial glands in some millipedes?
A) Reproduction
B) Defense
C) Digestion
D) Respiration
  • 7. What is the first segment behind the head called?
A) Telson
B) Pygidium
C) Cephalothorax
D) Collum
  • 8. What is the primary habitat of most millipedes?
A) Aquatic environments
B) Arctic regions
C) Deserts
D) Moist environments
  • 9. Millipedes breathe through which structures?
A) Gills
B) Spiracles
C) Skin
D) Lungs
  • 10. What term describes the shedding of the exoskeleton?
A) Hibernation
B) Molting
C) Metamorphosis
D) Estivation
  • 11. Which body part is used for identifying orders and species?
A) Antennae
B) Eyes
C) Legs
D) Gonopods
  • 12. Which order is characterized by having lateral keels?
A) Spirobolida
B) Glomerida
C) Spirostreptida
D) Polydesmida
  • 13. Which order of millipedes are known for their ability to roll into a ball?
A) Glomerida
B) Spirobolida
C) Polydesmida
D) Julida
  • 14. What is the function of ozopores?
A) Grasping food
B) Respiration
C) Secretion of defensive fluids
D) Sensing the environment
  • 15. The number of segments in a millipede body is generally what?
A) Fixed at 30
B) Fixed at 100
C) Fixed at 10
D) Variable
  • 16. Which order of millipedes often have cylindrical bodies?
A) Glomerida
B) Polydesmida
C) Platydesmida
D) Spirobolida
  • 17. Which type of microscope is commonly used for examining millipede genitalia?
A) Darkfield microscope
B) Stereo microscope
C) Electron microscope
D) Compound microscope
  • 18. Which feature is MOST important for accurate millipede classification?
A) Body color
B) Gonopod morphology
C) Number of legs
D) Habitat
  • 19. What does the term 'aposematic coloration' refer to?
A) Mimicry
B) Sexual dimorphism
C) Camouflage
D) Warning coloration
  • 20. Where are repugnatorial glands typically located?
A) On the head
B) On the legs
C) At the tail
D) Along the body segments
  • 21. What is the primary role of millipedes in the ecosystem?
A) Parasitism
B) Pollination
C) Predation
D) Decomposition
  • 22. What is a common defense mechanism of flat-backed millipedes (Polydesmida)?
A) Secretion of noxious chemicals
B) Rolling into a ball
C) Fast running
D) Biting
  • 23. Which feature is NOT helpful for identifying millipede species?
A) Number of ocelli
B) Gonopod structure
C) Body segment shape
D) Habitat
  • 24. What is the function of Tömösváry organs?
A) Light sensing
B) Sound sensing
C) Chemical sensing
D) Humidity sensing
  • 25. What is the approximate lifespan of most millipede species?
A) A few months
B) A few days
C) Several years
D) A few weeks
  • 26. Which continent has the highest millipede diversity?
A) Africa
B) Asia
C) Europe
D) North America
  • 27. What is the function of the gnathochilarium?
A) Defensive glands
B) Reproductive organs
C) Sensory organs
D) Mouthparts
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