How to Identify and Classify Millipedes
  • 1. What class do millipedes belong to?
A) Chilopoda
B) Insecta
C) Diplopoda
D) Arachnida
  • 2. A key characteristic of millipedes is having how many legs per body segment?
A) Three pairs
B) One pair
C) None
D) Two pairs
  • 3. The term 'Diplopoda' refers to what?
A) Many eyes
B) Double foot
C) Armored body
D) Hundred legs
  • 4. Millipedes are primarily what type of feeders?
A) Carnivores
B) Parasites
C) Detritivores
D) Herbivores
  • 5. The hard outer covering of a millipede is called?
A) Integument
B) Cuticle
C) Exoskeleton
D) Endoskeleton
  • 6. What is the function of repugnatorial glands in some millipedes?
A) Respiration
B) Digestion
C) Reproduction
D) Defense
  • 7. What is the first segment behind the head called?
A) Collum
B) Cephalothorax
C) Telson
D) Pygidium
  • 8. What is the primary habitat of most millipedes?
A) Moist environments
B) Deserts
C) Aquatic environments
D) Arctic regions
  • 9. Millipedes breathe through which structures?
A) Spiracles
B) Lungs
C) Skin
D) Gills
  • 10. What term describes the shedding of the exoskeleton?
A) Hibernation
B) Estivation
C) Molting
D) Metamorphosis
  • 11. Which body part is used for identifying orders and species?
A) Antennae
B) Legs
C) Gonopods
D) Eyes
  • 12. Which order is characterized by having lateral keels?
A) Glomerida
B) Spirobolida
C) Polydesmida
D) Spirostreptida
  • 13. Which order of millipedes are known for their ability to roll into a ball?
A) Polydesmida
B) Spirobolida
C) Glomerida
D) Julida
  • 14. What is the function of ozopores?
A) Grasping food
B) Secretion of defensive fluids
C) Sensing the environment
D) Respiration
  • 15. The number of segments in a millipede body is generally what?
A) Fixed at 100
B) Fixed at 10
C) Variable
D) Fixed at 30
  • 16. Which order of millipedes often have cylindrical bodies?
A) Polydesmida
B) Platydesmida
C) Glomerida
D) Spirobolida
  • 17. Which type of microscope is commonly used for examining millipede genitalia?
A) Compound microscope
B) Darkfield microscope
C) Stereo microscope
D) Electron microscope
  • 18. Which feature is MOST important for accurate millipede classification?
A) Body color
B) Gonopod morphology
C) Habitat
D) Number of legs
  • 19. What does the term 'aposematic coloration' refer to?
A) Warning coloration
B) Camouflage
C) Mimicry
D) Sexual dimorphism
  • 20. Where are repugnatorial glands typically located?
A) On the head
B) On the legs
C) Along the body segments
D) At the tail
  • 21. What is the primary role of millipedes in the ecosystem?
A) Pollination
B) Parasitism
C) Predation
D) Decomposition
  • 22. What is a common defense mechanism of flat-backed millipedes (Polydesmida)?
A) Fast running
B) Biting
C) Secretion of noxious chemicals
D) Rolling into a ball
  • 23. Which feature is NOT helpful for identifying millipede species?
A) Gonopod structure
B) Habitat
C) Body segment shape
D) Number of ocelli
  • 24. What is the function of Tömösváry organs?
A) Light sensing
B) Humidity sensing
C) Sound sensing
D) Chemical sensing
  • 25. What is the approximate lifespan of most millipede species?
A) Several years
B) A few weeks
C) A few months
D) A few days
  • 26. Which continent has the highest millipede diversity?
A) Europe
B) North America
C) Africa
D) Asia
  • 27. What is the function of the gnathochilarium?
A) Defensive glands
B) Mouthparts
C) Sensory organs
D) Reproductive organs
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