 - 1. William Turner, often referred to simply as Turner, was an English Romantic painter, watercolourist, and printmaker, born on April 23, 1775, in Covent Garden, London. Renowned for his expressive use of color and light, Turner played a pivotal role in the transition from Romanticism to Impressionism. His innovative landscapes and seascapes, characterized by luminous atmospheric effects and dramatic natural phenomena, elevated the status of watercolor painting and established him as one of the key figures in British art. Notably, Turner's works often depicted nature's sublime power, capturing the essence of the English countryside and the tumultuous sea, as seen in masterpieces like 'The Fighting Temeraire' and 'Rain, Steam and Speed - The Great Western Railway.' His later career was marked by a progressive abstraction and intense exploration of color, leading critics to refer to him as 'the painter of light.' Despite facing criticism during his lifetime, Turner was also celebrated for his technical brilliance and visionary approach, and his influence extended beyond his own era, inspiring countless artists and movements, including the Impressionists and the Abstract Expressionists. Turner's legacy endures today, positioned firmly within the canon of Western art as one of the most significant and pioneering artists of the 19th century, culminating in his bequest of over 300 paintings and thousands of drawings and watercolors to the British nation, thereby securing his status as a national treasure.
When did William Turner die?
A) 1851
B) 1800
C) 1900
D) 1950
- 2. In which city did William Turner die?
A) London
B) New York
C) Rome
D) Paris
- 3. Which art movement was William Turner associated with?
A) Cubism
B) Romanticism
C) Surrealism
D) Impressionism
- 4. What was the nationality of William Turner?
A) British
B) Spanish
C) Italian
D) French
- 5. Who was William Turner's mentor?
A) John Ruskin
B) Joseph Mallord William Turner
C) Thomas Malton
D) John Constable
- 6. What was the title of the biographical film about William Turner released in 2014?
A) Mr. Turner
B) The Painter
C) Turner
D) The Artist
- 7. What was the name of the art academy William Turner studied at?
A) École des Beaux-Arts
B) Royal College of Art
C) Royal Academy of Arts
D) Académie Julian
- 8. Which famous ship is depicted in William Turner's painting 'The Fighting Temeraire'?
A) USS Constitution
B) HMS Temeraire
C) HMS Beagle
D) SS Great Britain
- 9. What was the title of the series of prints by William Turner depicting European cities?
A) Liber Studiorum
B) Les Nabis
C) Caprichos
D) Die Schaffenden
- 10. Where was William Turner born?
A) Cardiff, Wales
B) Covent Garden, London
C) Edinburgh, Scotland
D) Dublin, Ireland
- 11. What was William Turner's father's occupation?
A) Blacksmith
B) Merchant
C) Doctor
D) Barber
- 12. Which art collector purchased many of William Turner's works and bequeathed them to the nation?
A) Peggy Guggenheim
B) Henry Vaughan
C) Albert Barnes
D) Isabella Stewart Gardner
- 13. Which British monarch was on the throne during William Turner's lifetime?
A) King Edward VII
B) George IV
C) Queen Elizabeth I
D) Queen Victoria
- 14. Who was the critic and writer known for his controversial opinion about William Turner's work, calling it 'pictures of nothing'?
A) Harold Rosenberg
B) John Ruskin
C) Émile Zola
D) Clement Greenberg
- 15. Which art movement emerged during William Turner's later years that he was often associated with posthumously due to his innovative techniques?
A) Pre-Raphaelites
B) Symbolism
C) Realism
D) Impressionism
- 16. At what age did William Turner pass away?
A) 56
B) 76
C) 86
D) 66
- 17. Where is William Turner buried?
A) Père Lachaise Cemetery
B) St. Paul's Cathedral
C) Highgate Cemetery
D) Westminster Abbey
- 18. In which year did the Ashmolean Museum hold a retrospective exhibition of Turner's work?
A) 1918
B) 1898
C) 1888
D) 1908
- 19. Who raised William Turner after his father's death in 1791?
A) His aunt
B) His grandmother
C) His uncle
D) His mother
- 20. In which year did Turner join John Varley in London?
A) 1810
B) 1808
C) 1803
D) 1807
- 21. When was Turner elected as a full member of the Royal Watercolour Society?
A) 1810
B) 1809
C) 1807
D) 1808
- 22. What style was the church designed by William Turner in Shipton-on-Cherwell?
A) Romanesque
B) Decorated Gothic
C) Renaissance
D) Baroque
- 23. In which year did William Turner die?
A) 1862
B) 1872
C) 1882
D) 1852
- 24. Which museum in New Zealand holds some of Turner's paintings?
A) Dunedin Public Art Gallery
B) Christchurch Art Gallery
C) Auckland Art Gallery
D) Wellington City Gallery
- 25. In which year did Turner have his first exhibition at the Royal Academy?
A) 1807
B) 1809
C) 1805
D) 1811
- 26. How many oil paintings did Turner leave behind?
A) Over 1000
B) Approximately 300
C) Less than 200
D) More than 550
- 27. At what age did Turner enroll at the Royal Academy of Arts?
A) 12
B) 14
C) 18
D) 16
- 28. Which city did Turner travel to in 1802, typically returning with sketchbooks?
A) Asia
B) Europe
C) Africa
D) America
- 29. What was the name of Turner's mother?
A) Elizabeth Turner
B) Sarah Danby
C) Mary Marshall
D) Georgiana Marshall
- 30. Where did Turner's mother die?
A) St Luke's Hospital for Lunatics
B) Bethlem Hospital, a mental asylum
C) Home in London
D) A private clinic
- 31. What was the profession of Turner's maternal uncle?
A) Architect
B) Barber
C) Artist
D) Butcher
- 32. In which town did Turner produce a series of drawings that foreshadowed his later work?
A) Brentford
B) Oxford
C) Margate
D) Sunningwell
- 33. What did Turner call Thomas Malton?
A) An inspiring teacher
B) A great mentor
C) A good friend
D) My real master
- 34. Who advised Turner to focus on painting instead of architecture?
A) Sir Joshua Reynolds
B) George Wyndham
C) Hardwick
D) Wilton
- 35. How many times did Turner's name appear in the academy registry between July 1790 and October 1793?
A) Once
B) Twice
C) Fifty times
D) Over a hundred times
- 36. In which year was Turner admitted to the life class at the academy?
A) 1789
B) 1793
C) 1790
D) 1792
- 37. What was the title of Turner's 1793 oil painting that foreshadowed his later climatical effects?
A) Fishermen at Sea
B) Snow Storm: Hannibal and his Army Crossing the Alps
C) A View of the Archbishop's Palace, Lambeth
D) The Rising Squall, Hot Wells
- 38. Which British writer wrote an obituary for Turner recognizing his mastery of effect?
A) Wilton
B) Peter Cunningham
C) George Wyndham
D) Sir Joshua Reynolds
- 39. What was the title of the nocturnal moonlit scene Turner exhibited in 1796?
A) Snow Storm: Hannibal and his Army Crossing the Alps
B) The Rising Squall, Hot Wells
C) Fishermen at Sea
D) A View of the Archbishop's Palace, Lambeth
- 40. Which artists influenced Turner's painting 'Fishermen at Sea'?
A) Hardwick, Walter Ramsden Fawkes, Peter Cunningham
B) Wilton, George Wyndham, Sir Joshua Reynolds
C) George Wyndham, Sir Joshua Reynolds, Hardwick
D) Claude Joseph Vernet, Philip James de Loutherbourg, Peter Monamy, and Francis Swaine
- 41. In which year did Turner first travel to France and Switzerland?
A) 1789
B) 1796
C) 1802
D) 1797
- 42. Where did Turner study in Paris during his travels in 1802?
A) Royal Academy of Art
B) Farnley Hall
C) Petworth House
D) The Louvre
- 43. Who was an important supporter and close friend of Turner's work?
A) Sir Joshua Reynolds
B) Walter Ramsden Fawkes
C) George Wyndham
D) Peter Cunningham
- 44. What inspired the stormy backdrop in 'Snow Storm: Hannibal and his Army Crossing the Alps'?
A) A storm in Venice
B) A storm at Petworth House
C) A storm in Paris
D) A storm over the Chevin in Otley
- 45. Where is the largest collection of Turner's work outside the Tate displayed?
A) Farnley Hall
B) Petworth House
C) Royal Academy of Art
D) The Louvre
- 46. How long did Turner's father live with him and work as his studio assistant?
A) 40 years
B) 30 years
C) 20 years
D) 25 years
- 47. What nickname did Turner use when living with Sophia Caroline Booth?
A) 'Painter of Light'
B) 'Mr Booth' or 'Admiral Booth'
C) 'Sir John'
D) 'The Master'
- 48. Who was Edward Thomas Daniell in relation to Turner?
A) His business partner
B) A short but intense friend who provided spiritual comfort.
C) His art critic
D) His rival
- 49. What were Turner's last reported words?
A) 'The Sun (or Son?) is God', though this may be apocryphal.
B) 'Art is eternal.'
C) 'I have lived a good life.'
D) 'Painting is my only love.'
- 50. Which critic described Turner's later pictures as 'fantastic puzzles'?
A) Sir George Beaumont
B) John Eagles
C) David Piper
D) John Ruskin
- 51. How many prints were in Turner's Liber Studiorum?
A) Eighty
B) Sixty
C) Seventy
D) Fifty
- 52. Which movement's artists studied Turner's techniques carefully?
A) The Surrealists
B) The Impressionists
C) The Romantics
D) The Cubists
- 53. Which pigment did J.M.W. Turner use despite knowing it wasn't long-lasting?
A) Carmine
B) Ultramarine
C) Zinc white
D) Viridian
- 54. What was Ruskin's complaint about Turner's work?
A) It was overpriced
B) It decayed quickly
C) It lacked detail
D) It was too dark
- 55. What was Turner's attitude towards the longevity of his materials?
A) He avoided using carmine
B) He chose materials that looked good when freshly applied, indifferent to their durability
C) He prioritized long-lasting pigments
D) He followed contemporary experts' advice strictly
- 56. In which year did the Thames Television production 'The Sun Is God,' featuring Leo McKern as J.M.W. Turner, air?
A) 1964
B) 1984
C) 1994
D) 1974
- 57. Who directed the film 'Mr. Turner,' a biopic of J.M.W. Turner's later years?
A) Michael Darlow
B) Timothy Spall
C) Mike Leigh
D) Leo McKern
- 58. At which film festival did 'Mr. Turner' premiere in competition for the Palme d'Or?
A) 2014 Cannes Film Festival
B) Berlin International Film Festival 2014
C) Venice Film Festival 2014
D) Sundance Film Festival 2014
- 59. Who won the award for Best Actor at the 2014 Cannes Film Festival for their role in 'Mr. Turner'?
A) Dorothy Atkinson
B) Mike Leigh
C) Leo McKern
D) Timothy Spall
- 60. When did the Turner £20 note enter circulation?
A) Thursday, 20 February 2020
B) Monday, 1 January 2020
C) Friday, 31 December 2019
D) Wednesday, 15 March 2020
- 61. Who authored 'J.M.W. Turner' published by Tate Publishing in 2007?
A) Franny Moyle
B) Ian Warrell
C) Colin Harrison
D) James Hamilton
- 62. Which museum published 'Turner's Oxford' in the year 2000?
A) Ashmolean Museum
B) Tate Publishing
C) Jeremy Mills Publishing
D) Thames & Hudson
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