- 1. Behavioral sociology is a branch of sociology that focuses on human behavior in social contexts. It seeks to understand how individuals and groups behave, interact, and influence each other within different social structures and settings. Behavioral sociologists study various aspects of human behavior, such as social norms, attitudes, beliefs, and relationships, to uncover patterns and trends in society. By examining social interactions and relationships, behavioral sociology aims to provide insights into human behavior and society as a whole.
What is the focus of behavioral sociology?
A) Studying behavioral disorders exclusively
B) Exploring economic factors in behavior
C) Understanding how social interactions shape individual behavior
D) Analyzing genetic influences on behavior
- 2. Which theoretical perspective emphasizes that human behavior is influenced by learned behaviors and environmental factors?
A) Rational choice theory
B) Biological determinism
C) Social learning theory
D) Structural functionalism
- 3. What does the term 'socialization' refer to in behavioral sociology?
A) The process by which individuals learn societal norms and values
B) Biological inheritance of behavioral traits
C) The study of self-fulfilling prophecies
D) Exclusively peer influence on behavior
- 4. What term describes the expectation that affects a person's actual behavior, thus leading the person to act in ways that confirm the expectation?
A) Halo effect
B) Self-fulfilling prophecy
C) Cognitive dissonance
D) Confirmation bias
- 5. What do sociologists mean by the term 'collective behavior'?
A) Behaviors that are inherently genetic
B) Individual behavior influenced by culture
C) Spontaneous and unstructured social behavior of a group of people
D) Pre-planned social interactions
- 6. Which theory suggests that individuals seek to maximize rewards and minimize costs in their interactions with others?
A) Rational choice theory
B) Social exchange theory
C) Conflict theory
D) Functionalist theory
- 7. What is a primary focus of symbolic interactionism in sociology?
A) The importance of symbols and gestures in shaping social interactions
B) The role of social institutions in society
C) The study of behavioral disorders
D) The influence of economic factors on behavior
- 8. What term describes the phenomenon where people in a group tend to exert less effort when working collectively than when working alone?
A) Social loafing
B) Altruism
C) Groupthink
D) Conformity
- 9. What term is used to describe the change in behavior that occurs when people believe they are being watched?
A) Social desirability bias
B) Placebo effect
C) Confirmation bias
D) Hawthorne effect
- 10. What term refers to the tendency to attribute one's successes to internal factors and failures to external factors?
A) Confirmation bias
B) Cognitive dissonance
C) Self-serving bias
D) Fundamental attribution error
- 11. What is the term for the tendency to place an undue emphasis on the first information received when making decisions?
A) Confirmation bias
B) Recency effect
C) Primacy effect
D) Availability heuristic
- 12. The concept that people will oblige or reciprocate when others help them is known as the:
A) Norm of reciprocity
B) Altruism principle
C) Social contract
D) Reciprocity norm
- 13. Which concept describes the tendency for individuals within a group to make decisions that are more extreme than the initial inclination of its members?
A) Group polarization
B) Reciprocity norm
C) Risky shift phenomenon
D) Social loafing
- 14. Which theoretical perspective in sociology focuses on the way individuals act based on their interpretations of symbols and gestures?
A) Conflict theory
B) Symbolic interactionism
C) Structural functionalism
D) Rational choice theory
- 15. Who is considered the father of sociology and a key figure in behavioral sociology?
A) Karl Marx
B) Max Weber
C) Auguste Comte
D) Émile Durkheim
- 16. Which concept refers to groups within society that are characterized by distinctive norms, values, and behaviors?
A) Assimilation
B) Socialization
C) Ethnocentrism
D) Subcultures
- 17. What term describes the process through which individuals learn and internalize the values, beliefs, and norms of a culture?
A) Acculturation
B) Discrimination
C) Isolation
D) Socialization
- 18. What term refers to the tendency to favor certain cultures over others and see them as superior?
A) Multiculturalism
B) Cultural relativism
C) Ethnocentrism
D) Xenophobia
- 19. Which sociologist introduced the sociological perspective known as symbolic interactionism?
A) Emile Durkheim
B) Robert Merton
C) George Herbert Mead
D) Talcott Parsons
- 20. Which sociologist is known for his work on the social construction of reality?
A) Auguste Comte
B) Peter L. Berger
C) Karl Marx
D) Max Weber
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