Defence mechanism - Quiz
  • 1. Who introduced the four-level classification of defence mechanisms?
A) George Eman Vaillant
B) Erik Erikson
C) Carl Jung
D) Sigmund Freud
  • 2. Which longitudinal study provided the basis for Vaillant's categorization?
A) The Grant Study
B) The Stanford Prison Experiment
C) The Milgram Experiment
D) The Harvard Study of Adult Development
  • 3. In what year did the Grant Study begin?
A) 1920
B) 1937
C) 1945
D) 1950
  • 4. What was the overarching aim of Vaillant's study?
A) To define characteristics of mental health
B) To study childhood trauma
C) To create new medication
D) To diagnose psychopathology
  • 5. How many levels are in Vaillant's classification of defence mechanisms?
A) Four
B) Five
C) Six
D) Three
  • 6. Which level includes 'pathological' defences?
A) Level III
B) Level I
C) Level II
D) Level IV
  • 7. Which level includes 'immature' defences?
A) Level III
B) Level IV
C) Level I
D) Level II
  • 8. Which level includes 'neurotic' defences?
A) Level II
B) Level IV
C) Level I
D) Level III
  • 9. Which level includes 'mature' defences?
A) Level III
B) Level II
C) Level I
D) Level IV
  • 10. Which of these is considered a Level I pathological defence?
A) Intellectualization
B) Projection
C) Delusional projection
D) Humour
  • 11. Which of these is a Level IV mature defence?
A) Acting out
B) Dissociation
C) Denial
D) Altruism
  • 12. What can happen to external reality when Level I defences are used?
A) It is accurately perceived
B) It is analyzed intellectually
C) It is ignored completely
D) It is radically reshaped
  • 13. Where might Level I pathological defences be observed besides overt psychosis?
A) Dreams
B) Healthy adult social interactions
C) Scientific experiments
D) Professional work
  • 14. What is 'Denial' as a defence mechanism?
A) Using humor to deflect pain
B) Blaming others for internal feelings
C) Transforming emotions into actions
D) Refusal to accept external reality
  • 15. What is 'Distortion'?
A) A gross reshaping of external reality
B) A focus on logical analysis
C) Accepting reality too readily
D) Acting out impulses physically
  • 16. Which group of people was monitored in the Grant Study?
A) Patients in psychiatric wards
B) Elderly individuals
C) Harvard men
D) Children from various backgrounds
  • 17. How did the hierarchy of defences correlate with life outcomes?
A) With psychological maturity
B) With physical strength
C) With academic performance
D) With financial success
  • 18. Which of these is a Level II defence?
A) Reaction formation
B) Suppression
C) Anticipation
D) Passive aggression
  • 19. Which of these is a Level III defence?
A) Repression
B) Psychotic denial
C) Fantasy
D) Sublimation
  • 20. What is the nature of delusions in 'delusional projection'?
A) Logical
B) Scientific
C) Helpful
D) Persecutory
  • 21. How are defense mechanisms described in terms of their psychological origin?
A) Learned social behaviors
B) Logical reasoning processes
C) Voluntary habit formations
D) Unconscious processes
  • 22. What is object constancy?
A) The tendency to reject negative traits in others
B) A process of distorting id impulses
C) Knowing that bad and good can exist at the same time in the same person
D) The ability to focus on one object for a long time
  • 23. What is the primary goal of rationalization?
A) Channeling libido into art
B) Justifying behavior using logical reasons
C) Seeing one's own urges in others
D) Falling back to an earlier developmental state
  • 24. Who authored the 1936 book 'The Ego and the Mechanisms of Defence'?
A) Robert Plutchik
B) Paulhus
C) Anna Freud
D) Sigmund Freud
  • 25. What did Anna Freud call the signal occurring in the ego of an anticipated instinctual tension?
A) Primary repression
B) Object constancy
C) Libidinal drive
D) Signal anxiety
  • 26. Which mechanism involves acting in the opposite way that the unconscious instructs?
A) Displacement
B) Reaction formation
C) Repression
D) Regression
  • 27. According to the text, which defense mechanism is seen as the most acceptable?
A) Undoing
B) Denial
C) Sublimation
D) Projection
  • 28. According to Robert Plutchik's theory, which emotion relates to projection?
A) Joy
B) Fear
C) Disgust
D) Sadness
  • 29. In Plutchik's theory, which defense mechanism is linked to sadness?
A) Repression
B) Displacement
C) Regression
D) Compensation
  • 30. What does projection involve?
A) Returning to a safer developmental stage
B) Suppressing memories of childhood
C) Seeing one's own unacceptable urges in others
D) Channeling energy into intellectual pursuits
  • 31. Which organization published the DSM-IV?
A) World Health Organization
B) British Psychological Society
C) American Psychiatric Association
D) National Institute of Mental Health
  • 32. What is the basis for the DSM-IV-TR classification of defense mechanisms?
A) Vaillant's hierarchical view
B) Cognitive behavioral research
C) Freud's original writings
D) Jungian archetypal theory
  • 33. Which of the following is categorized under the 'High adaptive level'?
A) Acting Out
B) Splitting
C) Humor
D) Denial
  • 34. Which of these is considered a 'Minor image-distorting level' defense?
A) Psychotic distortion
B) Devaluation
C) Apathetic withdrawal
D) Suppression
  • 35. Which of the following is listed under the 'Mental inhibitions' level?
A) Undoing
B) Affiliation
C) Help-rejecting complaining
D) Omnipotence
  • 36. Which defense is categorized under the 'Disavowal level' along with Projection?
A) Denial
B) Isolation of Affect
C) Rationalization
D) Dissociation
  • 37. Which of the following is an example of an 'Action level' defense?
A) Acting Out
B) Repression
C) Self-Observation
D) Idealization
  • 38. Which of the following is considered a borderline defense mechanism?
A) Suppression
B) Altruism
C) Splitting
D) Humor
  • 39. Who developed the theory of borderline personality organization based on object relations theory?
A) Freud
B) Jung
C) Otto F. Kernberg
D) Gabbard
  • 40. What is a core consequence of the inability to integrate helpful and harmful mental objects in Kernberg's theory?
A) Neurotic rigidity
B) Borderline personality organization
C) Psychotic thought disorder
D) Healthy personality
  • 41. Which defense is classified as 'less adaptive' by Gabbard?
A) Anticipation
B) Dissociation
C) Suppression
D) Sublimation
  • 42. Which mechanism involves the fragmentation of the personality?
A) Humor
B) Suppression
C) Fragmentation
D) Altruism
  • 43. Which defense mechanism is included in both Kernberg's borderline defenses and splitting-based defenses?
A) Projective identification
B) Suppression
C) Anticipation
D) Humor
  • 44. Which of the following is associated with the psychotic level of organization?
A) Sublimation
B) Isolation of affect
C) Concretization
D) Rationalization
  • 45. According to the PDM-2 classification, which is a symptom of the borderline level of organization?
A) Impulsivity
B) Rigidity
C) Certainty
D) Thought disorder
  • 46. Which defense mechanism involves shifting impulses to a less threatening target?
A) Suppression
B) Reaction formation
C) Projection
D) Displacement
  • 47. What is the defining trait of Hypochondriasis?
A) Excessive worry about having a serious illness
B) Constructive service to others
C) Detachment of emotion from an idea
D) Conscious delay of emotional needs
  • 48. What does 'Isolation of affect' result in?
A) Direct expression of hostility
B) Transformation of aggression into sports
C) Making an idea feel flat by detaching emotion
D) Excessive worry about health
  • 49. Which defense mechanism involves retreating into fantasy to resolve conflicts?
A) Dissociation
B) Intellectualization
C) Projection
D) Schizoid fantasy
  • 50. Neurotic defense mechanisms are considered common in which group?
A) Adults
B) Infants
C) Only those with major depression
D) Only children
  • 51. What is the definition of 'Anticipation'?
A) Converting impulses into their opposites
B) Detaching emotion from an idea
C) Realistic planning for future discomfort
D) Expressing ideas that give pleasure to others
  • 52. How many defence processes are included in the DMRS?
A) 10
B) 40
C) 7
D) 30
  • 53. Who originally created the Defence Mechanism Rating Scale?
A) Sigmund Freud
B) Mariagrazia Di Giuseppe
C) Vaillant
D) J. Christopher Perry
  • 54. How many categories are the defence processes divided into in the DMRS?
A) 7
B) 5
C) 3
D) 30
  • 55. What is the highest level of adaptiveness in the DMRS?
A) Action
B) Neurotic
C) High-adaptive
D) Obsessional
  • 56. Which of the following is an example of a psychotic defence?
A) Splitting
B) Passive aggression
C) Acting out
D) Autistic withdrawal
  • 57. How long have assessments like the DMRS and Vaillant's hierarchy been used?
A) Over 100 years
B) Over 10 years
C) Over 5 years
D) Over 40 years
  • 58. What do action defences provide to the individual?
A) Lasting improvement
B) Short-term relief
C) Complete elimination of stress
D) Total psychological stability
  • 59. Which mechanism involves the simplification of how one sees themselves and others?
A) Major image-distorting
B) Psychotic
C) Action
D) High-adaptive
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