 - 1. Which two roles are specifically allotted to Poseidon in the Homeric Hymn?
A) Creator of man and master of fire
B) God of war and lord of the underworld
C) Judge of the dead and patron of thieves
D) Tamer of horses and saviour of ships
- 2. What is the Peloponnese region called in the context of Poseidon's worship?
A) The residence of Poseidon
B) The shield of the sea
C) The birthplace of the gods
D) The temple of the tides
- 3. Where did the colonists who introduced Poseidon's cult to Ionia traditionally come from?
A) Sparta
B) Corinth
C) Pylos
D) Athens
- 4. What does the month 'Poseidaon' represent in Ionic territories?
A) The month of the spring migration
B) The month of the harvest
C) The month of the olive bloom
D) The month of the winter-storms
- 5. In which city was Poseidon second only to Athena in importance?
A) Sparta
B) Athens
C) Thebes
D) Corinth
- 6. Which games in Corinth were related to the cult of Poseidon?
A) The Isthmian games
B) The Olympic games
C) The Pythian games
D) The Nemean games
- 7. What is Poseidon's title when worshipped as a symbol of unity among Ionians?
A) Poseidon Hippios
B) Poseidon Helikonios
C) Poseidon Soter
D) Poseidon Pelagios
- 8. What attribute was commonly used to represent Poseidon in his role as god of fishing?
A) Tuna and the dolphin
B) Lobster and the shark
C) Seaweed and the shell
D) Swordfish and the seal
- 9. According to the text, what animal did Poseidon transform into to seduce Demeter?
A) A bull
B) A ram
C) A dolphin
D) A horse
- 10. Which historical figure ordered a four-horse chariot to be cast into the waves for Poseidon?
A) Alexander the Great
B) Pericles
C) Julius Caesar
D) Leonidas
- 11. Which deity did Poseidon work closely with regarding colonization?
A) Apollo
B) Zeus
C) Hephaestus
D) Hermes
- 12. In the medical text 'On the Sacred Disease', which condition was Poseidon blamed for?
A) Blindness
B) Epilepsy
C) Pneumonia
D) Malaria
- 13. What are the common sacrifices offered to Poseidon?
A) Birds and incense
B) Grain and olive oil
C) Black and white bulls
D) Gold and silver coins
- 14. Which region used horses as a sacrifice to Poseidon by throwing them into a well?
A) Argolis
B) Attica
C) Thessaly
D) Ionia
- 15. What is the meaning of the surname 'Hippios'?
A) Of the deep
B) Of the earth
C) Of the storm
D) Of the horse
- 16. In the Boeotian myth at Haliartos, what form does Poseidon take when mating with Erinys?
A) A man
B) A bull
C) A dolphin
D) A stallion
- 17. Which fabulous horse is born from the union of Poseidon and Erinys near the spring of Tilpousa?
A) Skyphios
B) Pegasus
C) Chiron
D) Arion
- 18. In Delphi, with which earth-goddess was Poseidon joined in a religious union?
A) Demeter
B) Persephone
C) Ge
D) Hera
- 19. How is the goddess Ge represented in the context of her union with Poseidon at Delphi?
A) As a snake
B) As a bull
C) As a horse
D) As a bird
- 20. According to Hesiod's Theogony, which monster did Poseidon sleep with near mountain Helikon?
A) Praxidice
B) Medusa
C) Demeter
D) Erinys
- 21. Which winged horse sprang from the body of Medusa?
A) Xanthus
B) Pegasus
C) Arion
D) Skyphios
- 22. What famous spring was created when Pegasus struck the ground near Helikon?
A) Tilpousa
B) Castalia
C) Arethusa
D) Hippocrene
- 23. During the Mycenean period, what title did Poseidon hold that means 'king' or 'protector'?
A) Anax
B) Potnia
C) Helikonios
D) Enesidaon
- 24. What is the meaning of the Mycenean title 'Enesidaon' given to Poseidon?
A) Earth-shaker
B) Lord of horses
C) Master of the sea
D) King of the underworld
- 25. In Crete, with which goddess of childbirth was Poseidon associated?
A) Erinys
B) Persephone
C) Demeter
D) Eleithyia
- 26. What is the common title for female goddesses in the Mycenean culture?
A) Praxidicai
B) Potnia
C) Despoina
D) Erinys
- 27. Which river god is represented as a bull or man-bull in Greece?
A) Alpheus
B) Acheloos
C) Oceanus
D) Styx
- 28. What is the feminine variant of Poseidon found in Linear B inscriptions?
A) am-phi-tri-te
B) po-se-de-ia
C) wa-na-ssa
D) po-ti-ni-ja
- 29. What does the title 'wanax' imply besides 'king'?
A) general
B) protector
C) merchant
D) priest
- 30. Which title is Poseidon associated with as the 'Lord of the Underworld'?
A) wanax
B) potnia
C) wa-na-soi
D) anassa
- 31. Who was the chief goddess at Pylos?
A) Persephone
B) Po-tini-ja
C) Erinys
D) Demeter
- 32. What role does Poseidon play in relation to Potnia?
A) consort husband
B) rival god
C) subordinate servant
D) male paredros
- 33. At which location did Poseidon receive offerings in the cave of Eileithyia?
A) Pylos
B) Mycenea
C) Amnisos
D) Knossos
- 34. What does 'wa-na-ssa' mean?
A) goddess of grain
B) earth shaker
C) queen or lady
D) king or lord
- 35. Which goddess's name is considered an epithet of Demeter in some ancient cults?
A) Amphitrite
B) Erinys
C) Eileithyia
D) Potnia
- 36. Which deity is probably related to 'Si-to Po-tini-ja' as a goddess of grain?
A) Erinys
B) Amphitrite
C) Persephone
D) Demeter
- 37. Which of the following is Poseidon NOT credited with presiding over?
A) Horses
B) Earthquakes
C) The underworld
D) The sea
- 38. What title was Poseidon given as a chief deity in Bronze Age Pylos and Thebes?
A) Lord of the sky
B) Earth shaker
C) Father of the winds
D) King of the gods
- 39. Who is the Roman equivalent of Poseidon?
A) Pluto
B) Neptune
C) Mars
D) Jupiter
- 40. In whose dialogue are two traditional etymologies for Poseidon's name provided?
A) Plato
B) Homer
C) Beekes
D) Burkert
- 41. Which legendary island was considered Poseidon's domain?
A) Ithaca
B) Rhodes
C) Crete
D) Atlantis
- 42. Why did Poseidon punish Odysseus?
A) Odysseus stole his trident
B) Odysseus destroyed his temple
C) Odysseus blinded his son, Polyphemus
D) Odysseus refused to worship him
- 43. In the Iliad, which side does Poseidon support during the Trojan War?
A) Neither side
B) The Trojans
C) The Greeks
D) The Romans
- 44. What is the result of Poseidon striking the earth with his trident?
A) He causes a volcanic eruption
B) He creates springs
C) He summons monsters
D) He creates new islands
- 45. Which deity competed with Poseidon for the patronage of Athens?
A) Hera
B) Athena
C) Demeter
D) Zeus
- 46. How long did Poseidon delay Odysseus's return home?
A) Twenty years
B) Two years
C) Five years
D) Ten years
- 47. According to the text, what is the origin of the word 'Poseidon' according to Beekes?
A) Directly from the Egyptian language
B) Pre-Greek
C) Purely Latin
D) Strictly Indo-European
- 48. What is the relationship between the words for horses and springs in the Greek language?
A) They are identical
B) They are opposites
C) They are related
D) They have no linguistic connection
- 49. Who does Poseidon stay on the Acropolis as, following the competition with Athena?
A) Zeus
B) Erechtheus
C) Polyphemus
D) Cronus
- 50. Which animal was Poseidon particularly associated with in Mycenean times?
A) The lion
B) The snake
C) The eagle
D) The bull
- 51. What was the name of the salt-sea created by Poseidon in Athens?
A) Peirene
B) Erecthēιs
C) Ladon
D) Arion
- 52. In Arcadian myths, what surname was Poseidon worshipped with in many cities?
A) Erinys
B) Melaina
C) Anax
D) Hippios
- 53. Into what animal form did Demeter change to avoid Poseidon in the myth of Thelpusa?
A) A cow
B) A bird
C) A mare
D) A fish
- 54. What deity did Rhea trick Cronus with by giving him a foal instead of Poseidon?
A) Hades
B) Cronus
C) Zeus
D) Poseidon
- 55. In Phigalia, what was the name/surname given to Demeter when she retreated to a cavern?
A) Despoina
B) Melaina
C) Erinys
D) Potnia
- 56. What kind of sacrifice was made to Acheloos by people who were about to sacrifice to Demeter?
A) A blood sacrifice
B) A preliminary sacrifice
C) A libation of wine
D) A grain offering
- 57. Which deity is considered the oldest Greek god of the sea, separate from Poseidon?
A) Agamemnon
B) Pontus
C) Erechtheus
D) Tainaron
- 58. Where is Poseidon's golden palace located according to the Iliad?
A) Aegai
B) Helike
C) Mykonos
D) Tainaron
- 59. Which title is shared by Poseidon, Agamemnon, and Helikonios anax?
A) Enosigaios
B) Sōtēr
C) Eurykreion
D) Kyanochaites
- 60. Which epithet means 'upholding the foundations'?
A) Gaieochos
B) Themeliouchos
C) Asphaleios
D) Seisichthon
- 61. What is the meaning of the epithet 'Kyanochaites' used by Homer?
A) Leader of nymphs
B) Earth shaker
C) Wide-ruling
D) Dark-haired
- 62. Where was Poseidon worshipped under the epithet 'Epactaeus'?
A) Lampsacus
B) Mykonos
C) Athens
D) Samos
- 63. In which location was Poseidon worshipped as 'Phykios', the god of seaweeds?
A) Corinth
B) Sparta
C) Thebes
D) Mykonos
- 64. Which epithet relates Poseidon to the promotion of vegetation?
A) Porthmios
B) Petraios
C) Phytalmios
D) Hippios
- 65. What is the name of the first horse that appeared when Poseidon hit a rock?
A) Skyphios
B) Hippocrene
C) Aganippe
D) Pegasus
- 66. Which epithet means 'leader of the nymphs'?
A) Krenouchos
B) Empylios
C) Genesios
D) Nymphagetes
- 67. At which location did Poseidon hold the title 'Taureios'?
A) Corinth
B) Ephesus
C) Athens
D) Sparta
- 68. Which epithet means 'overseer' or 'watcher'?
A) Semnos
B) Epoptes
C) Empylios
D) Kronios
- 69. Which epithet identifies Poseidon as the 'securer' or 'protector'?
A) Sōtēr
B) Damaios
C) Asphaleios
D) Seisichthon
- 70. In which month was the festival of Poseidon held in Athens?
A) Anthesterion
B) Hekatombaion
C) Poseidaon
D) Skirophorion
- 71. What title was given to the bull-bearers at the festival of Tauria in Ephesus?
A) Tauroi
B) Gaiaochoi
C) Amphiktiones
D) Tainarioi
- 72. Where was the sacred sanctuary of Poseidon located at Tainaron?
A) In the city center
B) On a hilltop
C) In a cave
D) Near the harbor
- 73. How was Poseidon worshipped in Sparta?
A) Helikonios
B) Hippios
C) Taureios
D) Gaiaochos
- 74. What caused the destruction of the city of Helike in 370 BC?
A) Fire
B) War
C) Tsunami
D) Earthquake
- 75. At which site was entrance into the temple cella of Poseidon forbidden?
A) Tainaron
B) Mantineia
C) Sounion
D) Kalaureia
- 76. Which city is mentioned as the potential inventor of the Doric order?
A) Ephesus
B) Athens
C) Sparta
D) Corinth
- 77. What type of structure was the 7th-century BC temple at Thermon?
A) Open-air altar
B) Large marble complex
C) Peripteral narrow wooden structure
D) Underground cave sanctuary
- 78. In what location was the second temple of Poseidon built in 425 BC?
A) Kalaureia
B) Paestum
C) Sounion
D) Isthmia
- 79. What was the main building material of the Tinos temple of Poseidon and Amphitrite?
A) Local marble
B) Poros stone
C) Granite
D) Oak wood
- 80. In the standard version, what was Poseidon's birth order among his siblings?
A) Second
B) Sixth
C) First
D) Fifth
- 81. How were the children of Cronus freed from his belly?
A) They were cut out
B) A powerful emetic
C) They grew out
D) A magic spell
- 82. What weapon did the Cyclopes forge for Poseidon?
A) A spear
B) A trident
C) A shield
D) A lightning bolt
- 83. How did the three brothers divide the world?
A) Drawing lots
B) Zeus decided everything
C) They shared it equally
D) Fighting a war
- 84. What domain was allotted to Poseidon?
A) The sea
B) The earth
C) The sky
D) The Underworld
- 85. What animal did Rhea offer Cronus in the rarer birth version?
A) A lamb
B) A dog
C) A cat
D) A foal
- 86. Who was the nymph that hid Poseidon in the rare version?
A) Daphne
B) Sinoessa
C) Calypso
D) Thetis
- 87. Why was the nymph Sinoessa later called Arne?
A) Poseidon renamed her
B) It resembled the Greek word for deny
C) It meant sea goddess
D) It was her mother's name
- 88. Who acted as Poseidon's nurse while he lived with the Telchines?
A) Aphrodite
B) Halia
C) Rhea
D) Capheira
- 89. Who was the daughter of Poseidon and Halia?
A) Hestia
B) Rhodos
C) Arne
D) Demeter
- 90. Which goddess did Poseidon's sons deny hospitality to?
A) Artemis
B) Aphrodite
C) Athena
D) Hera
- 91. Where is Poseidon's palace located according to the Iliad and Odyssey?
A) Cyprus
B) Rhodes
C) Mount Olympus
D) Aegae
- 92. What island did Poseidon break a piece off of to throw at a giant?
A) Crete
B) Cyprus
C) Rhodes
D) Kos
- 93. What is the name of the giant Poseidon buried under Nisyros?
A) Cronus
B) Prometheus
C) Atlas
D) Polybotes
- 94. According to the text, who was the first child born to Cronus and Rhea?
A) Hades
B) Poseidon
C) Zeus
D) Hestia
- 95. What did Athena offer to the Athenians as her gift?
A) An olive tree
B) A grapevine
C) A horse
D) A shield
- 96. Who was the king of Athens mentioned in the myth?
A) Theseus
B) Cecrops
C) Aegeus
D) Erechtheus
- 97. What festival involved the priests of Athena and Poseidon processing to Eleusis?
A) The Olympiad
B) The Dionysia
C) The Parthenia
D) The Skira
- 98. Who was allegedly sent by Poseidon to cut down Athena's olive tree?
A) Cecrops
B) Eumolpus
C) Halirrhothius
D) Ares
- 99. Where was the first trial for murder held?
A) The Areopagus
B) The Acropolis
C) The Parthenon
D) The Agora
- 100. What was the name of the daughter of Ares involved in the dispute with Halirrhothius?
A) Athena
B) Aphrodite
C) Alcippe
D) Artemis
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