Statistical theory

Statistical theory - Test

1. Statistical theory is a branch of mathematics that deals with the analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data. It involves various techniques and methods for summarizing and making inferences about a population based on sample data. Key concepts in statistical theory include probability distributions, hypothesis testing, regression analysis, and more. The goal of statistical theory is to provide a framework for understanding uncertainty and variability in data, enabling us to draw meaningful conclusions and make informed decisions in various fields such as science, business, and social sciences.

What is the purpose of hypothesis testing in statistics?

A) To determine if there is enough evidence to reject a null hypothesis.
B) To summarize data using summary statistics.
C) To calculate the probability of an event.
D) To visualize data using graphs.

2. What is the Central Limit Theorem?

A) States that the sampling distribution of the sample means approaches a normal distribution as the sample size increases.
B) A method for outlier detection in data.
C) Describes the spread of data points in a dataset.
D) A type of statistical hypothesis testing.

3. What is a Type I error in hypothesis testing?

A) A calculation error in statistical analysis.
B) When the null hypothesis is rejected, but it is actually true.
C) When the null hypothesis is not rejected, but it is false.
D) A type of data transformation.

4. What is a Type II error in hypothesis testing?

A) A type of sampling technique.
B) When the null hypothesis is rejected, and it is true.
C) When the null hypothesis is not rejected, but it is actually false.
D) A statistical measure of association.

5. What is correlation in statistics?

A) A measure of the strength and direction of a linear relationship between two variables.
B) A type of data visualization technique.
C) The probability of an event occurring.
D) The difference between the maximum and minimum values in a dataset.

6. What is regression analysis used for in statistics?

A) To determine the mode of a distribution.
B) To summarize data using descriptive statistics.
C) To calculate the median value of a dataset.
D) To analyze the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables.

7. What is the formula for variance in statistics?

A) The average of the squared differences from the mean.
B) The sum of all data values divided by the number of values.
C) The range of values in a dataset.
D) The middle value in a set of ordered data points.

8. Which of the following is a measure of central tendency?

A) Correlation Coefficient
B) Standard Deviation
C) Mean
D) Variance

9. What is the mode of a dataset?

A) The average of all values in the dataset.
B) The middle value in a sorted dataset.
C) The value that appears most frequently in the dataset.
D) The difference between the maximum and minimum values.

10. What is the range of a dataset?

A) The average of all values in the dataset.
B) The difference between the maximum and minimum values in the dataset.
C) The sum of all values in the dataset.
D) The number of values in the dataset.

11. What is a percentile in statistics?

A) A value below which a given percentage of observations in a group falls.
B) The range of values in a dataset.
C) The variance of a dataset.
D) The average of all data points in a dataset.

12. Which of the following is a non-parametric statistical test?

A) ANOVA
B) Regression analysis
C) Mann-Whitney U test
D) T-test

13. What is the null hypothesis in hypothesis testing?

A) A statement that there is no significant difference or relationship between variables.
B) A measure of the strength of a relationship.
C) A statement that a significant difference exists between variables.
D) A conclusion drawn from statistical analysis.

14. Which statistical test is used to compare the means of more than two groups?

A) ANOVA
B) Regression analysis
C) Chi-square test
D) t-test

15. Which statistical test is used to determine if there is a significant difference between the means of two groups?

A) Regression analysis
B) T-test
C) Chi-square test
D) ANOVA

16. What does skewness measure in a dataset?

A) The presence of outliers in the dataset.
B) The spread of data points from the mean.
C) The relationship between two variables.
D) The degree of asymmetry in the distribution of data.

17. What is a chi-square test used for in statistics?

A) To determine if there is a significant association between two categorical variables.
B) To find the median value of a dataset.
C) To analyze the relationship between a dependent and an independent variable.
D) To calculate the correlation coefficient.

18. What is statistical power in hypothesis testing?

A) The strength of the relationship between variables.
B) The probability of rejecting a false null hypothesis.
C) The significance level for hypothesis testing.
D) The confidence interval for a parameter estimate.

19. Which type of bias occurs when some groups in a population are systematically left out of a study?

A) Response bias
B) Measurement bias
C) Selection bias
D) Sampling bias

20. What is a box plot used for in statistics?

A) To visualize the distribution of a dataset and identify outliers.
B) To test for correlations between variables.
C) To calculate confidence intervals.
D) To calculate the average value of a dataset.

21. In a normal distribution, what percentage of data points fall within one standard deviation of the mean?

A) 99.7%
B) 68%
C) 95%
D) 50%

22. Which distribution is used to model the number of successes in a fixed number of Bernoulli trials?

A) Binomial
B) Poisson
C) Exponential
D) Normal

23. What term is used to describe the measure of the spread of values in a dataset?

A) Mode
B) Variance
C) Mean
D) Median

24. What is the standard deviation?

A) The average of all values in the dataset.
B) The middle value in a sorted dataset.
C) The maximum value in the dataset.
D) A measure of the dispersion of data points around the mean.

25. What is probability sampling?

A) A sampling technique that relies on random selection of individuals.
B) A sampling technique where each member of the population has a known and non-zero chance of being selected into the sample.
C) A non-statistical method of gathering data.
D) A sampling technique that selects individuals based on convenience.

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