Liberalism and progressivism within Islam - Quiz
Liberalism and progressivism within Islam
  • 1. Which writer was a Nigerian journalist born in 1952?
A) Bilkisu Yusuf
B) Zainab Salbi
C) Shahla Sherkat
D) Fatema Mernissi
  • 2. Who is a British writer born in 1974?
A) Sadiq Khan
B) Mustafa Akyol
C) Ed Husain
D) Taimur Rahman
  • 3. Which Moroccan feminist writer and sociologist lived from 1940 to 2015?
A) Hidayet Şefkatli Tuksal
B) Bilkisu Yusuf
C) Fatema Mernissi
D) Shamima Shaikh
  • 4. Which of these activists co-founded 'Muslims for Progressive Values'?
A) Ani Zonneveld
B) Manal al-Sharif
C) Linda Sarsour
D) Malala Yousafzai
  • 5. Who served as the Governor of Punjab, Pakistan between 2008 and 2011?
A) Abdul Ghaffar Khan
B) Sadiq Khan
C) Salman Taseer
D) Taimur Rahman
  • 6. Which activist is known as a co-founder of 'Sisters in Islam'?
A) Nassima al-Sadah
B) Zainah Anwar
C) Samina Ali
D) Kadra Yusuf
  • 7. Which Turkish writer and journalist was born in 1972?
A) Shahla Sherkat
B) Ed Husain
C) Hidayet Şefkatli Tuksal
D) Mustafa Akyol
  • 8. Who was the Pakistani provincial minister for social welfare in Punjab from 2006 to 2007?
A) Malala Yousafzai
B) Samar Badawi
C) Zille Huma Usman
D) Manal al-Sharif
  • 9. Which Canadian writer and educator was born in 1968?
A) Irshad Manji
B) Samina Ali
C) Fatema Mernissi
D) Zainab Salbi
  • 10. Which of the following is listed as a term related to the topic?
A) Multiculturalism
B) Sectarian violence
C) Mu'tazilism
D) Post-Islamism
  • 11. Who is the Mayor of London?
A) Ilhan Omar
B) Sadiq Khan
C) Rashida Tlaib
D) Zohran Mamdani
  • 12. Which Saudi activist was born in 1981?
A) Samar Badawi
B) Manal al-Sharif
C) Nassima al-Sadah
D) Zainab Salbi
  • 13. Who is the Pakistani socialist activist born in 1975?
A) Salman Taseer
B) Abdul Ghaffar Khan
C) Sadiq Khan
D) Taimur Rahman
  • 14. Which South African feminist journalist and activist lived from 1960 to 1998?
A) Fatema Mernissi
B) Shahla Sherkat
C) Shamima Shaikh
D) Bilkisu Yusuf
  • 15. Which Iranian feminist author and activist was born in 1956?
A) Shahla Sherkat
B) Zainah Anwar
C) Nassima al-Sadah
D) Hidayet Şefkatli Tuksal
  • 16. According to Khaled Abou El Fadl, what part of the body does the Quran require women to cover?
A) The hair
B) The entire body
C) The bosoms
D) The face
  • 17. What does Khaled Abou El Fadl say about wearing a hijab if it causes a woman risk or undue attention?
A) It is an error to continue wearing it
B) It is mandatory regardless of the consequences
C) It should be replaced with a veil
D) It is a sign of piety to endure it
  • 18. What is Sheikh Mustapha Mohamed Rashed's view on the hijab?
A) It is optional only for older women
B) It is not a religious duty
C) It is a fundamental pillar of Islam
D) It is only required during prayer
  • 19. According to Riffat Hassan, what does the term 'qawwamun' refer to?
A) Men's inherent superiority over women
B) Men's role as breadwinners
C) The spiritual leadership of men
D) The authority of husbands over wives
  • 20. How does Riffat Hassan interpret 'nushuz' in the context of the Quran?
A) Marital infidelity
B) A woman's lack of modesty
C) A mass rebellion of women against their role as child-bearers
D) Disobedience to a husband's commands
  • 21. According to Asma Barlas, what is the 'worst' interpretation of the word 'wa-dribuhunna'?
A) To separate
B) To ignore
C) To set an example
D) To beat
  • 22. What does Amina Wadud suggest 'nushuz' refers to?
A) Disharmony in the relationship
B) Extramarital affairs
C) Domestic disobedience
D) Sexual sin
  • 23. In her translation 'The Sublime Quran', what does Laleh Bakhtiar translate 'wa-dribuhunna' as?
A) To discipline gently
B) To advise firmly
C) To go away from or to leave
D) To strike lightly
  • 24. What reasoning does Laleh Bakhtiar use to support her interpretation of 'wa-dribuhunna'?
A) Historical records of early Islamic court rulings
B) The absence of the word in other holy books
C) Prophetic biographies claiming Muhammad never beat his wives
D) Direct instructions from her mentors
  • 25. What methodology does Laury Silvers use to interpret Quranic ambiguity?
A) Strict literalism
B) The methodology of Ibn Arabi
C) Exclusively historical context
D) Modern secular psychology
  • 26. Why does Laury Silvers believe the Quran must be ambiguous?
A) To allow room for human responsibility
B) Because the original text was lost
C) To reflect the complexity of the Arabic language
D) To hide secrets from non-believers
  • 27. According to Laury Silvers, why did God reveal the possibility of beating in the Quran?
A) To allow men to control their households
B) To provide a punishment for any sin
C) To endorse it as a standard practice
D) To restrain existing violence
  • 28. How does Khaled Abou El Fadl reinterpret 'nushuz' in verse 4:34?
A) Lack of financial support
B) A woman's arrogance
C) A grave sexual sin proven by evidence
D) General marital disharmony
  • 29. According to Fatema Mernissi, what does Quran 33:35 signify?
A) The rules for marital inheritance
B) The necessity of the hijab
C) The superiority of men in prayer
D) Gender equality within Islam
  • 30. How does Edip Yüksel translate the term 'qawwamun'?
A) Guardians
B) Supporters
C) Leaders
D) Masters
  • 31. According to Edip Yüksel, what does 'nushuz' refer to?
A) Extramarital affair or marital disloyalty
B) Refusal to perform chores
C) General disharmony
D) Disobedience to a husband
  • 32. What does Edip Yüksel argue regarding the term 'idribuhunna'?
A) It means separation
B) It means beating
C) It means ignoring the spouse
D) It means public shaming
  • 33. Which verse does Edip Yüksel cite to argue that marriage should be tranquil, contradicting the idea of beating?
A) 33:35
B) 4:34
C) 2:231
D) 30:21
  • 34. What is the primary professional field of Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd?
A) Theology
B) Physics
C) Medicine
D) Engineering
  • 35. Which ancient school of thought did Abu Zayd identify as an intellectual heir to?
A) Hanbali
B) Muʿtazila
C) Sufism
D) Ash'ari
  • 36. What did an Egyptian Sharia court declare Abu Zayd in 1995?
A) Caliph
B) Scholar emeritus
C) Apostate
D) Saint
  • 37. What term does Abu Zayd use for the 'culture of the text' that he argues the Quran created?
A) Kitab al-kalam
B) Tafsir al-ummah
C) Sharia al-awwal
D) Hadarat al-nass
  • 38. What did Abu Zayd emphasize over 'naql' (narrated traditions) when interpreting the Quran?
A) Hadith (reports)
B) Aql (intellect)
C) Qiyas (analogy)
D) Ijma (consensus)
  • 39. Which scholar identified the 'three key themes' in Abu Zayd's work?
A) Tariq Ramadan
B) Muhammad Abduh
C) Edward Said
D) Navid Kermani
  • 40. What historical context did Abu Zayd argue the Quran must be read within?
A) The geopolitical landscape of the twentieth century
B) Seventh-century Arab language and culture
C) Pre-Islamic Persian mythology
D) Modern Western democratic standards
  • 41. What outcome did Abu Zayd hope his critical approach would foster for Muslims?
A) The creation of a new religion
B) The complete abandonment of Islamic tradition
C) The implementation of strict historical censorship
D) Building a bridge between tradition and the modern world
  • 42. What is the process of re-interpreting traditional Islamic sacred scriptures called?
A) Tawhid
B) Ijtihad
C) Ummah
D) Sunnah
  • 43. What principle do progressive Muslims use as an organizing principle for human society?
A) The Caliphate
B) Tawhid
C) Sharia
D) Hellenism
  • 44. From which movement did Liberal Islam originally emerge?
A) Modern secularism
B) The early 20th-century colonial movement
C) Ancient Greek philosophy
D) 18th–19th century Islamic revivalist movement
  • 45. What view do liberal Muslims hold regarding theocracy?
A) They promote theocracy
B) They require theocracy for salvation
C) They oppose theocracy
D) They are indifferent to theocracy
  • 46. What is the nickname often given to Ibn Rushd?
A) The Philosopher
B) The Scientist
C) The Commentator
D) The Theologian
  • 47. Ibn Rushd's major work 'The Incoherence of the Incoherence' was written to defend philosophy against which author?
A) al-Ghazali
B) Aristotle
C) Averroes
D) Mohammed Abed al-Jabri
  • 48. What is the Latinized name for Ibn Rushd?
A) Avicenna
B) Al-Farabi
C) Averroism
D) Averroes
  • 49. What philosophical movement was based on Ibn Rushd's work in the 13th century?
A) Secularism
B) Averroism
C) Rationalism
D) Ash'arism
  • 50. Which of these is one of Ibn Rushd's notable works mentioned in the text?
A) The Republic
B) Critique de la Raison Arabe
C) The Incoherence of the Philosophers
D) Kitab al-Kashf
  • 51. Who was a notable proponent of the revival of Averroist thought in the late 20th century?
A) Ibn Rushd
B) Aristotle
C) Al-Ghazali
D) Mohammed Abed al-Jabri
  • 52. The 'Fasl al-Maqal' is also known by what English title?
A) Decisive Treatise
B) Critique of Arab Reason
C) The Incoherence of the Incoherence
D) The Book of Discovery
  • 53. Which intellectual is considered one of the early proponents of Islamic Modernism?
A) Rifa'a al-Tahtawi
B) Mehmet Ali
C) A Roman Caesar
D) Muhammad Abduh
  • 54. In what year did Rifa'a al-Tahtawi return from his mission in Paris?
A) 1831
B) 1860
C) 1905
D) 1826
  • 55. What position did al-Tahtawi hold at the School of Languages?
A) Director
B) Translator of military manuals
C) Religious scholar
D) Student
  • 56. Approximately how many foreign works did al-Tahtawi supervise the translation of into Arabic?
A) Over 500
B) Under 1,000
C) Over 2,000
D) Exactly 1,800
  • 57. What civilization did al-Tahtawi use as an example of what could happen to Islamic civilizations if they failed to stay united?
A) Roman
B) Greek
C) Persian
D) French
  • 58. What did Muhammad Abduh believe man was given in order to be guided by knowledge?
A) A bridle
B) Tradition
C) Intelligence
D) Ancient texts
  • 59. What was the name of the Egyptian renaissance movement that flourished between 1860 and 1940?
A) Nahda
B) The Extraction of Gold
C) The Enlightenment
D) Islamic Modernism
  • 60. What did Muhammad Abduh preach regarding Sunnis and Shias?
A) Conflict resolution through war
B) Strict separation
C) The superiority of one over the other
D) Harmony
  • 61. What was the primary goal of the school where al-Tahtawi worked as director?
A) Religious teaching for clerics
B) Translating European books into Arabic
C) Preserving ancient Egyptian language
D) Training soldiers for the army
  • 62. Which revolution was significantly impacted by the movement known as Socialist Shi'ism?
A) The Arab Spring
B) The 1979 Iranian Revolution
C) The 1953 Iranian Coup
D) The Islamic Golden Age
  • 63. Who was the leader of the Islamist revolution that borrowed socialist Shia ideas?
A) Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini
B) Ruhollah Musavi
C) Ali Shariati
D) Shah Mohammad Reza Shah
  • 64. What kind of government did the young secular-educated leftists seek to overthrow in the 1970s?
A) A pro-American authoritarian monarchy
B) A liberal caliphate
C) A socialist democracy
D) A communist republic
  • 65. What was Ali Shariati's primary professional background?
A) Sociologist
B) Religious scholar
C) Politician
D) Economist
  • 66. Which of these thinkers influenced Ali Shariati during his studies in Paris?
A) Jean-Paul Sartre
B) Karl Marx
C) Imam Khomeini
D) Hadi Milani
  • 67. Which Ayatollah issued a fatwa prohibiting the reading of Shariati's books in the 1970s?
A) Moussa Sadr
B) Ayatollah Khomeini
C) Ali Khamenei
D) Hadi Milani
  • 68. What type of government did Shariati advocate for, rejecting Western liberal democracy?
A) Absolute Monarchy
B) Western-style Republic
C) Commitment Democracy
D) Communism
  • 69. Which demographic group was phenomenally popular with Shariati's ideology?
A) Industrial business owners
B) Post-secondary students
C) Iranian peasants
D) Traditional clergy
  • 70. Which organization was strongly influenced by Shariati's Islamic Marxist ideas?
A) The Savak
B) People's Mujahideen
C) The Communist Party of Iran
D) The Muslim Brotherhood
  • 71. Which of these terms did Ayatollah Khomeini incorporate into his public declarations from Shariati's influences?
A) Liberal democratic capitalism
B) Western imperialist sovereignty
C) The mostazafin will inherit the earth
D) Scientific materialism
  • 72. How long did Mahmoud Taleghani serve in prison in total?
A) A dozen years
B) Two years
C) Twenty years
D) Five years
  • 73. Where did Khomeini summon Taleghani following the conflict over his sons' arrests?
A) Isfahan
B) Qom
C) Tehran
D) Shiraz
  • 74. Ijtihad is contrasted with which concept?
A) Taqlid
B) Ijma
C) Usul al-fiqh
D) Mujtahid
  • 75. What is an Islamic scholar qualified to perform ijtihad called?
A) Mujtahid
B) Usul
C) Taqlid
D) Fatwa
  • 76. Who defined Islamic feminism as a discourse and practice within an Islamic paradigm in 2002?
A) Margot Badran
B) Amina Wadud
C) Meena Keshwar Kamal
D) Zainah Anwar
  • 77. Why is 'Sisters in Islam' challenging the fatwa issued by MAIS?
A) On constitutional grounds
B) Because they seek to abandon the Quran
C) Because they want to join secular feminism
D) Because they oppose the concept of ijtihad
  • 78. When was the Muslim Alliance for Sexual and Gender Diversity (MASGD) launched?
A) November 2012.
B) May 2009.
C) January 2013.
D) October 2001.
  • 79. Who founded the Marhaba support group for queer Muslims in Melbourne?
A) Ludovic-Mohamed Zahed.
B) Nur Wahrsage.
C) El-Farouk Khaki.
D) Faisal Alam.
  • 80. Who set up a prayer room in Paris described as the first gay-friendly mosque in Europe?
A) Troy Jackson.
B) Faisal Alam.
C) Ludovic-Mohamed Zahed.
D) Parvez Sharma.
  • 81. Who produced the documentary films 'A Jihad for Love' and 'A Sinner in Mecca'?
A) El-Farouk Khaki.
B) Laury Silvers.
C) Imam Daayiee Abdullah.
D) Parvez Sharma.
  • 82. What organization was founded in 1993 by El-Farouk Khaki in Canada?
A) Salaam.
B) The Safra Project.
C) Marhaba.
D) MASGD.
  • 83. Which scholar argued for a new interpretation of the Lot narrative?
A) Mustafa Khattab
B) Junaid Jahangir
C) Scott Siraj al-Haqq Kugle
D) Mobeen Vaid
  • 84. According to Kugle, what is 'genetic inheritance' in the Quran referred to as?
A) A test of character
B) One's physical stamp
C) The work of the devil
D) A moral failing
  • 85. Who published a critique of Kugle's work in 2016?
A) Mobeen Vaid
B) Hussein Abdullatif
C) Sahih International
D) Junaid Jahangir
  • 86. What does Kugle argue that the Quran holds a positive assessment of?
A) Diversity
B) Tradition
C) Strict legalism
D) Asceticism
  • 87. What is the term for the new approach to Quranic exegesis mentioned in the text?
A) Hadith
B) Tafsir
C) Fiqh
D) Sharia
  • 88. Which of these historical figures is listed as a founder of Islamic modernism?
A) Ibn Khaldun
B) Jamal ad-Din al-Afghani
C) Saladin
D) Osman I
  • 89. What term did early Islamic Modernists use to refer to their movement of renovation?
A) Salafiyya
B) Modernity
C) Wahhabism
D) Jihadism
  • 90. Which of the following describes how current Salafism differs from the early 'salafiyya' movement?
A) Current Salafism generally signifies ideologies like Wahhabism
B) Current Salafism is exclusively a secular movement
C) Current Salafism is identical to early modernism
D) Current Salafism rejects all Islamic tradition
  • 91. What is the primary source of faith for Quranists?
A) The Quran only
B) The Sunnah
C) Clerical interpretations
D) The Hadith
  • 92. How does Saeed Nasheed describe the origin of the Quran?
A) Entirely written by later followers
B) Divinely inspired but human-authored
C) An ancient historical forgery
D) Direct literal speech of God
  • 93. When did the People's Mujahedin Organization of Iran (MEK) emerge?
A) The 1950s
B) The 1920s
C) The 1960s
D) The 1980s
  • 94. In what year was Muslims for Progressive Values founded?
A) 1960
B) 2007
C) 2013
D) 1999
  • 95. What international body recognized MPV as an NGO in 2013?
A) The United Nations
B) The Islamic Society of North America
C) The European Union
D) The World Bank
  • 96. Who is listed in the text as an advocate for the idea that the Quran is human-authored?
A) Pamela K. Taylor
B) Ani Zonneveld
C) Abdul Karim Soroush
D) Ayatollah Khomeini
  • 97. Who spearheaded Tolu-e-Islam after its initiation?
A) Shabir Ally
B) Muhammad Iqbal
C) Nasr Abu Zayd
D) Ghulam Ahmed Pervez
  • 98. Who is a co-founder of Sisters in Islam?
A) Laleh Bakhtiar
B) Amina Wadud
C) Asma Barlas
D) Ziba Mir-Hosseini
  • 99. Who served as the Grand Imam of al-Azhar from 1958 to 1963?
A) Muhammad Asad
B) Nasr Abu Zayd
C) Mahmud Shaltut
D) Fazlur Rahman Malik
  • 100. Which scholar is noted as a Marxist historian?
A) Irfan Habib
B) Mohsen Kadivar
C) Khaled Abou El Fadl
D) Adnan Ibrahim
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