- 1. The theological arguments for the existence of God and the concept of atonement can be viewed through several lenses, combining philosophical reasoning, historical context, and scriptural interpretation. Many theologians argue that the existence of God can be established through the cosmological argument, which posits that everything that begins to exist has a cause; since the universe began to exist, it must therefore have a transcendent cause, which is identified as God. Additionally, the teleological argument appeals to the complexity and order found in the universe, suggesting an intelligent designer. Atonement, on the other hand, is deeply rooted in religious texts and doctrines, particularly within Christianity, where it signifies the reconciliation between humanity and God through the sacrificial death of Jesus Christ. This concept is not only a fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies but also serves as the linchpin of Christian soteriology, asserting that through Christ's atoning sacrifice, believers are granted forgiveness for their sins and restored to a right relationship with God. The interplay between these two theological constructs invites believers and skeptics alike to engage in a profound exploration of faith, reason, and the implications of divine grace in human existence.
What is the Cosmological Argument primarily concerned with?
A) The existence of the universe and its cause
B) Human experience
C) Moral values
D) Religious texts
- 2. Which philosopher is known for the moral argument for God's existence?
A) David Hume
B) Immanuel Kant
C) Thomas Aquinas
D) Friedrich Nietzsche
- 3. The ontological argument for God's existence was famously proposed by?
A) Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
B) Anselm of Canterbury
C) René Descartes
D) John Locke
- 4. Which concept refers to God's self-disclosure through scripture and events?
A) Salvation
B) Atonement
C) Predestination
D) Revelation
- 5. Which theory suggests that Christ's death was a ransom payment to Satan?
A) Substitutionary atonement
B) Moral influence theory
C) Ransom theory
D) Satisfaction theory
- 6. In Christian belief, who is considered the atoning sacrifice?
A) Moses
B) John the Baptist
C) The Apostles
D) Jesus Christ
- 7. Which aspect does the Problem of Evil challenge in theistic belief?
A) The resurrection of Christ
B) The importance of faith
C) The authority of scripture
D) The existence of an all-good, all-powerful God
- 8. What is the significance of the resurrection in Christian atonement?
A) It serves as a moral example
B) It assures believers of eternal life
C) It demonstrates Jesus' teachings
D) It fulfills Old Testament prophecy
- 9. Who proposed that God could not exist if evil exists?
A) Thomas Aquinas
B) Epicurus
C) Anselm
D) Augustine of Hippo
- 10. What does 'substitutionary atonement' suggest?
A) Only good people can be saved
B) Christ died in place of sinners
C) Atonement is automatic for everyone
D) Christ's death was merely symbolic
- 11. What is a common objection to the there being many religions?
A) The problem of conflicting truth claims
B) The diversity of rituals
C) The emphasis on belief over practice
D) The existence of different scriptures
- 12. Which argument suggests that the design of the universe implies a designer?
A) Teleological Argument.
B) Moral Argument.
C) Ontological Argument.
D) Cosmological Argument.
- 13. Which view suggests the atonement only influences moral behavior?
A) Substitutionary atonement
B) Satisfaction theory
C) Moral influence theory
D) Ransom theory
- 14. A key proponent of the Kalam Cosmological Argument is?
A) William Lane Craig
B) Richard Dawkins
C) Noam Chomsky
D) Sam Harris
- 15. The Teleological Argument is often summed up by which analogy?
A) The architect analogy.
B) The painter analogy.
C) The watchmaker analogy.
D) The sculptor analogy.
- 16. Which theological model states God predetermined who would be saved?
A) Predestination
B) Open theism
C) Universalism
D) Arminianism
- 17. What is a common objection to the Teleological Argument?
A) Natural processes can explain complexity.
B) Nothing can exist without cause.
C) God is beyond logic.
D) Moral values are evidence of God.
- 18. What is the term for God's total involvement in creation?
A) Transcendence
B) Sovereignty
C) Immanence
D) Eternity
- 19. Which biblical verse is commonly cited for the basis of atonement?
A) Psalm 23
B) John 3:16
C) Genesis 1:1
D) Matthew 5:8
- 20. The argument from contingency argues that everything depends on?
A) A necessary being
B) Natural laws
C) A random occurrence
D) Human will
- 21. Who articulated the transcendent nature of God?
A) Thomas Aquinas
B) Dietrich Bonhoeffer
C) Karl Barth
D) Blaise Pascal
- 22. Who introduced the concept of the 'Uncaused Cause'?
A) Aristotle.
B) John Locke.
C) René Descartes.
D) David Hume.
- 23. Who is associated with the Moral Influence Theory of Atonement?
A) John Calvin
B) Augustine of Hippo
C) Martin Luther
D) Peter Abelard
- 24. Which philosopher is known for arguing against the existence of a perfect God due to evil?
A) C.S. Lewis.
B) Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz.
C) David Hume.
D) William Lane Craig.
- 25. Which type of Atonement theory emphasizes the victory over sin and death?
A) Substitutionary Atonement
B) Christus Victor
C) Moral Influence
D) Governmental Theory
- 26. What is the primary purpose of revelation?
A) To inspire moral greatness
B) To establish doctrine
C) To create religious texts
D) To communicate God's will to humanity
- 27. Which concept is a key part of the Traditional Christian view of Atonement?
A) Universalism.
B) Substitutionary atonement.
C) Moral exemplar theory.
D) Purgatory.
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