Criminological Research 1&2
  • 1. When is the right time to formulate your research abstract?
A) After you data analysis
B) After the conduct of your research
C) Upon the order of your research professor
D) Prior the commencement of your research introduction
  • 2. Tina has been assigned to accomplish their research references. After the first line in lining her first reference, she put the continuing part aligned to the first. Upon checking by her adviser, immediately, it was crossed out and was told to rewrite their research’s references. Did you think your research adviser was correct?
A) Yes, she is correct for the succeeding lines after the first shall be indented a half-inch from the left margin.
B) No, she is wrong for one reference shall be indented from the left margin.
C) No, I learned that the first line and the succeeding lines should be aligned and patterned from the first line of one reference.
D) Yes, she is correct for one reference shall be indented from the left margin.
  • 3. While doing the literature survey, Tina noticed that her research mate incorrectly put an in-text citation for two authors. How do you think her research mate plated their in -text citation?
A) (Apuya and Manalo, 2019)
B) According to Manalo (2019),...
C) (Manalo, 2019)
D) (Apuya & Manalo, 2019)
  • 4. Based on the 7th APA Manual, there are certain ways on how are you going to cite a direct quotation from a body of work. Thus, in putting an in-text citation, what important element must not be forgotten aside from the surname and year of publication?
A) Secondary citation
B) Book title
C) Page Number
D) Literature’s year of market sold
  • 5. “The study of Apuya & Manalo (2019) found that the community is willing to handover

    Help for the clients.” As a college graduate and a future RCrim, do you think it is correct or not?
A) The study of Apuya and Manalo, 2019 found that the community is willing to hand over help for the clients.
B) I will not be re-writing it as based on the teaching I learned, the citation is correct.
C) The study of (Apuya and Manalo, 2019) found that the community is willing to hand over help for the clients.
D) The study of Apuya and Manalo (2019) found that the community is willing to handover help for the clients
  • 6. Hannah, as considered a research expert, printed their hardcopy in a material which is not the standard size being used under APA 7th Edition. If you are to advise Hannah, what advice are you going to give her?
A) Keep it up.
B) It must be printed on standard-sized paper of 8.5” x 13”
C) It must be printed on standard-sized paper of 8.5” x 11”
D) It must be printed on standard-sized paper
  • 7. Your adviser told you to use the Arial font as a font style. Considering that Arial is allowed in the 7th edition, what font styles does the APA highly recommend to use?
A) Arial
B) Times New Roman
C) Calibri
D) Any of the forgoing
  • 8. Confidently, Pedro argued that the research page number shall be placed in the lower left of every page; but Juan strongly emphasized that it should be placed on the extreme lower right part. As an expert, who do you think is correct?
A) Either of the two can be utilized in placing a page number in a research.
B) Juan is correct since every page number to every literature is found at the extreme right left.
C) None of them are correct.
D) Pedro is correct since every page number to every literature is found at the extreme lower left.
  • 9. APA stands for:
A) American Physical Application
B) American Physiological Association
C) American Psychological Association
D) American Psychological Associative
  • 10. Running head is required for student paper; Professional paper only requires page header.
A) Both statements are false
B) Both statements are true
C) The first statement is true while the latter is false
D) The latter statement is true, while the former is false
  • 11. Facebook, Youtube and even Podcasts are accepted to use as a reference material.
A) true
B) Yes
  • 12. The first major step in the research process is:
A) Identifying a research problem
B) Data analysis
C) Writing a conclusion
D) Making recommendations
  • 13. A characteristic of scientific research is that it must be:
A) Systematic
B) Biased
C) Random
D) Opinion-based
  • 14. A research title must be:
A) Clear and concise
B) Emotional
C) Ambiguous
D) Long and complicated
  • 15. A concept that can be measured is called a:
A) Theory
B) Variable
C) Hypothesis
D) Problem
  • 16. The review of related literature is usually found in:
A) Chapter 3
B) Chapter 1
C) Chapter 2
D) Chapter 5
  • 17. Which of the following is a primary method of data collection?
A) Googling
B) Conducting surveys
C) Watching videos
D) Reading textbooks
  • 18. Which sampling method selects every nth element?
A) Cluster sampling
B) Systematic sampling
C) Systematic sampling
D) Random sampling
  • 19. The process of grouping similar data is called:
A) Hypothesizing
B) Classifying
C) Editing
D) Coding
  • 20. Which section includes the research questions?
A) Abstract
B) Results
C) Which section includes the research questions?
D) Chapter 2
  • 21. The best tool for analyzing numerical data is:
A) Interview
B) Maps
C) Letters
D) Statistical software
  • 22. The part where the method and tools used are explained:
A) Chapter 5
B) Chapter 4
C) Chapter 1
D) Chapter 3
  • 23. When data is arranged from smallest to largest, this is called:
A) Aligning
B) Sorting
C) Coding
D) Ranking
  • 24. A research instrument must be reliable, meaning it:
A) Produces consistent results
B) Gives random answers
C) Changes often
D) Cannot be tested
  • 25. Ethics in research aims to prevent:
A) Sampling
B) Harm to participants
C) Accurate data
D) Correct answers
  • 26. A theoretical framework is based on:
A) Established theories
B) Personal belief
C) Guessing
D) Random ideas
  • 27. Which of the following is NOT a data collection method?
A) Interview
B) Observation
C) Fiction writing
D) Survey
  • 28. A short summary of the entire study is the:
A) Appendix
B) Introduction
C) Bibliography
D) Abstract
  • 29. The group of people where data is collected is called:
A) Cluster
B) Universe
C) Hypothesis
D) Sample
  • 30. A study that seeks to explain the cause of crime is:
A) Descriptive
B) Causal
C) Historical
D) Exploratory
  • 31. A study that explores a new idea without much previous literature is:
A) Descriptive
B) Quasi-experimental
C) Exploratory
D) Experimental
  • 32. The part that presents the findings is:
A) Chapter 2
B) Appendix
C) Chapter 1
D) Chapter 4
  • 33. The difference between highest and lowest value is:
A) Variance
B) Mode
C) Range
D) Mean
  • 34. A table used to summarize data is called:
A) Theory chart
B) Graph
C) Frequency distribution
D) Appendix
  • 35. A detailed description of a person or event is a:
A) Survey
B) Case study
C) Hypothesis
D) Observation
  • 36. When the researcher manipulates variables, it is:
A) Narrative research
B) Descriptive research
C) Experimental research
D) Qualitative research
  • 37. An ethical researcher must always:
A) Fabricate data
B) Respect privacy
C) Force respondents to answer
D) Hide results
  • 38. A research tool such as interview guide or survey form is a:
A) Framework
B) Variable
C) Instrument
D) Conclusion
  • 39. A bibliography is a list of:
A) Tables
B) Books and sources used
C) Participants
D) Questions
  • 40. In a bar graph, the bars represent:
A) Literature
B) Values and categories
C) Theories
D) Recommendations
  • 41. A hypothesis supported by evidence is:
A) Weak
B) Accepted
C) Useless
D) Ignored
  • 42. A document where respondents write their answers is the:
A) Appendix
B) Framework
C) Instrument panel
D) Questionnaire
  • 43. Which represents numerical data?
A) Qualitative
B) Historical
C) Quantitative
D) Exploratory
  • 44. Chapter 3 is typically concerned with:
A) Methodology
B) Results
C) Discussion
D) Review of literature
  • 45. A group selected because they are easy to reach is called:
A) Stratified sample
B) Systematic sample
C) Convenience sample
D) Random sample
  • 46. A survey that uses open-ended questions is usually:
A) Experimental
B) Correlational
C) Quantitative
D) Qualitative
  • 47. The main goal of criminological research is to:
A) Guess about crimes
B) Entertain readers
C) Discover facts about crime and criminal behavior
D) Punish offenders
  • 48. Research is best defined as:
A) Copying old ideas
B) Reading books
C) Systematic inquiry to discover new knowledge
D) Random investigation
  • 49. A specific concern that a study seeks to address is called:
A) Hypothesis
B) Theory
C) Variable
D) Research problem
  • 50. A tentative answer or assumption to be tested is a:
A) Research gap
B) Hypothesis
C) Conclusion
D) Recommendation
  • 51. Qualitative research deals with:
A) Numbers
B) Measurements
C) Percentages
D) Descriptions and meanings
  • 52. Quantitative research focuses on:
A) Statistical and numerical data
B) Case studies
C) Statistical and numerical data
D) Personal opinions
  • 53. The variable that is manipulated by the researcher is:
A) Dependent variable
B) Constant variable
C) Independent variable
D) Controlled variable
  • 54. The variable that is being measured is:
A) Independent variable
B) Constant variable
C) Control variable
D) Dependent variable
  • 55. A blueprint or plan of the study is called:
A) Research instrument
B) Hypothesis
C) Data analysis
D) Research design
  • 56. The purpose of a literature review is to:
A) Copy others’ work
B) Conclude findings
C) Collect data
D) Support and give background to the study
  • 57. The main goal of criminological research is to:
A) Guess about crimes
B) Discover facts about crime and criminal behavior
C) Punish offenders
D) Entertain readers
  • 58. Research is best defined as:
A) Random investigation
B) Systematic inquiry to discover new knowledge
C) Copying old ideas
D) Reading books
  • 59. A specific concern that a study seeks to address is called:
A) Variable
B) Theory
C) Research problem
D) Hypothesis
  • 60. A tentative answer or assumption to be tested is a:
A) Conclusion
B) Recommendation
C) Research gap
D) Hypothesis
  • 61. Qualitative research deals with:
A) Numbers
B) Descriptions and meanings
C) Percentages
D) Measurements
  • 62. Quantitative research focuses on:
A) Personal Opinions
B) Statistical and numerical data
C) Case studies
D) Narratives
  • 63. The variable that is manipulated by the researcher is:
A) Dependent variable
B) Controlled variable
C) Independent variable
D) Constant variable
  • 64. The variable that is being measured is:
A) Dependent variable
B) Control variable
C) Constant variable
D) Independent variable
  • 65. A blueprint or plan of the study is called:
A) Data analysis
B) Hypothesis
C) Research design
D) Research instrument
  • 66. The purpose of a literature review is to:
A) Copy others work
B) Collect data
C) Support and give background to the study
D) Conclude findings
  • 67. Sampling refers to:
A) Conducting interviews
B) Random guessing
C) Collecting all people in the world
D) Selecting a portion of the population
  • 68. Probability sampling gives each member:
A) Less chance
B) No chance
C) Only chosen groups
D) Equal chance
  • 69. Which is a type of probability sampling?
A) Simple random sampling
B) Convenience sampling
C) Quota sampling
D) Purposive sampling
  • 70. Which is a non-probability sampling technique?
A) Systematic sampling
B) Stratified sampling
C) Cluster sampling
D) Convenience sampling
  • 71. Data gathering procedure means:
A) Interpreting results
B) Collecting information from respondents
C) Writing the conclusion
D) Analyzing data
  • 72. Objectivity in research means:
A) Following personal beliefs
B) Using emotions
C) Being fair and free from bias
D) Copying others’ work
  • 73. A questionnaire is used to:
A) Replace literature review
B) Record video data
C) Gather responses systematically
D) Interview only experts
  • 74. Pilot testing is done to:
A) Gather main data
B) Conduct final defense
C) Interpret results
D) Test reliability and clarity of instruments
  • 75. Statistics in research are used to:
A) Make stories
B) Predict the weather
C) Analyze and summarize data
D) Write conclusions
  • 76. Research ethics ensures:
A) Fast approval
B) Honesty and protection of participants
C) The study is secret
D) Cost reduction
  • 77. Data analysis means:
A) Reading literature
B) Examining and organizing data to draw conclusions
C) Making surveys
D) Collecting raw data
  • 78. Coding in research is:
A) Writing a program
B) Assigning numbers or symbols to responses
C) Copying answers
D) Creating categories
  • 79. Descriptive statistics are used to
A) Collect responses
B) Predict future events
C) Describe and summarize data
D) Test hypotheses
  • 80. Inferential statistics are used to:
A) Arrange answers
B) Describe findings
C) Draw conclusions beyond the data
D) Measure variables directly
  • 81. The average of a data set is called:
A) Median
B) Range
C) Mean
D) Mode
  • 82. The middle value of a data set is:
A) Range
B) Mean
C) Mode
D) Median
  • 83. The most frequent value is called:
A) Mean
B) Frequency
C) Mode
D) Median
  • 84. A research report is:
A) Written presentation of research results
B) Raw data
C) A literature review
D) A list of questions
  • 85. SPSS is used for:
A) Statistical data analysis
B) Drawing diagrams only
C) Data gathering
D) Editing photos
  • 86. Correlation measures:
A) Number of samples
B) Population total
C) Group size
D) Relationship between two variables
  • 87. Population refers to:
A) All individuals of interest in a study
B) The sample
C) People living in a place
D) Random group
  • 88. A smaller group taken from the population is called:
A) Cluster
B) Sample
C) Hypothesis
D) Variable
  • 89. Primary data are:
A) Data collected by another researcher
B) Data collected directly by the researcher
C) Estimated information
D) Old data from books
  • 90. Secondary data are:
A) Experimental data
B) Collected directly
C) From existing materials or sources
D) From surveys
  • 91. Validity means:
A) Repeated testing
B) Accuracy of measurement
C) Consistency of results
D) Random guessing
  • 92. What is criminological research?
A) Study of courts
B) Study of police work
C) Study of law only
D) Study of criminals and crimes
  • 93. Which type of research uses numerical data?
A) QuantitCorreative
B) Descriptive
C) Narrative
D) Qualitative
  • 94. A hypothesis is best described as a:
A) Testable statement
B) Sampling method
C) Research title
D) Final conclusion
  • 95. What is a research population?
A) Entire group being studied
B) Selected respondents
C) Sample group
D) Only criminals
  • 96. Which is an example of primary data?
A) Journal article
B) Interview
C) Newspaper
D) Book
  • 97. The dependent variable is the:
A) Result or outcome
B) Control factor
C) Question
D) Cause of changes
  • 98. What is the main purpose of a literature review?
A) To summarize the results
B) To review related studies
C) To interview respondents
D) To design questionnaires
  • 99. Plagiarism occurs when:
A) You paraphrase properly
B) You copy without credit
C) You research online
D) You cite sources
  • 100. Ethics in research means:
A) Fairness and honesty
B) Cheating
C) Writing style
D) Speed of work
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