Criminological Research 1&2 - Quiz
  • 1. When is the right time to formulate your research abstract?
A) After the conduct of your research
B) After you data analysis
C) Prior the commencement of your research introduction
D) Upon the order of your research professor
  • 2. Tina has been assigned to accomplish their research references. After the first line in lining her first reference, she put the continuing part aligned to the first. Upon checking by her adviser, immediately, it was crossed out and was told to rewrite their research’s references. Did you think your research adviser was correct?
A) No, I learned that the first line and the succeeding lines should be aligned and patterned from the first line of one reference.
B) No, she is wrong for one reference shall be indented from the left margin.
C) Yes, she is correct for the succeeding lines after the first shall be indented a half-inch from the left margin.
D) Yes, she is correct for one reference shall be indented from the left margin.
  • 3. While doing the literature survey, Tina noticed that her research mate incorrectly put an in-text citation for two authors. How do you think her research mate plated their in -text citation?
A) (Manalo, 2019)
B) (Apuya and Manalo, 2019)
C) According to Manalo (2019),...
D) (Apuya & Manalo, 2019)
  • 4. Based on the 7th APA Manual, there are certain ways on how are you going to cite a direct quotation from a body of work. Thus, in putting an in-text citation, what important element must not be forgotten aside from the surname and year of publication?
A) Secondary citation
B) Book title
C) Page Number
D) Literature’s year of market sold
  • 5. “The study of Apuya & Manalo (2019) found that the community is willing to handover

    Help for the clients.” As a college graduate and a future RCrim, do you think it is correct or not?
A) The study of (Apuya and Manalo, 2019) found that the community is willing to hand over help for the clients.
B) The study of Apuya and Manalo, 2019 found that the community is willing to hand over help for the clients.
C) The study of Apuya and Manalo (2019) found that the community is willing to handover help for the clients
D) I will not be re-writing it as based on the teaching I learned, the citation is correct.
  • 6. Hannah, as considered a research expert, printed their hardcopy in a material which is not the standard size being used under APA 7th Edition. If you are to advise Hannah, what advice are you going to give her?
A) It must be printed on standard-sized paper of 8.5” x 13”
B) It must be printed on standard-sized paper
C) Keep it up.
D) It must be printed on standard-sized paper of 8.5” x 11”
  • 7. Your adviser told you to use the Arial font as a font style. Considering that Arial is allowed in the 7th edition, what font styles does the APA highly recommend to use?
A) Arial
B) Calibri
C) Any of the forgoing
D) Times New Roman
  • 8. Confidently, Pedro argued that the research page number shall be placed in the lower left of every page; but Juan strongly emphasized that it should be placed on the extreme lower right part. As an expert, who do you think is correct?
A) None of them are correct.
B) Either of the two can be utilized in placing a page number in a research.
C) Juan is correct since every page number to every literature is found at the extreme right left.
D) Pedro is correct since every page number to every literature is found at the extreme lower left.
  • 9. APA stands for:
A) American Physiological Association
B) American Physical Application
C) American Psychological Association
D) American Psychological Associative
  • 10. Running head is required for student paper; Professional paper only requires page header.
A) Both statements are false
B) Both statements are true
C) The latter statement is true, while the former is false
D) The first statement is true while the latter is false
  • 11. Facebook, Youtube and even Podcasts are accepted to use as a reference material.
A) Yes
B) true
  • 12. The first major step in the research process is:
A) Writing a conclusion
B) Identifying a research problem
C) Data analysis
D) Making recommendations
  • 13. A characteristic of scientific research is that it must be:
A) Opinion-based
B) Systematic
C) Random
D) Biased
  • 14. A research title must be:
A) Emotional
B) Ambiguous
C) Long and complicated
D) Clear and concise
  • 15. A concept that can be measured is called a:
A) Theory
B) Problem
C) Variable
D) Hypothesis
  • 16. The review of related literature is usually found in:
A) Chapter 1
B) Chapter 2
C) Chapter 5
D) Chapter 3
  • 17. Which of the following is a primary method of data collection?
A) Googling
B) Conducting surveys
C) Watching videos
D) Reading textbooks
  • 18. Which sampling method selects every nth element?
A) Random sampling
B) Systematic sampling
C) Cluster sampling
D) Systematic sampling
  • 19. The process of grouping similar data is called:
A) Classifying
B) Hypothesizing
C) Coding
D) Editing
  • 20. Which section includes the research questions?
A) Chapter 2
B) Abstract
C) Which section includes the research questions?
D) Results
  • 21. The best tool for analyzing numerical data is:
A) Statistical software
B) Interview
C) Letters
D) Maps
  • 22. The part where the method and tools used are explained:
A) Chapter 4
B) Chapter 3
C) Chapter 5
D) Chapter 1
  • 23. When data is arranged from smallest to largest, this is called:
A) Coding
B) Aligning
C) Ranking
D) Sorting
  • 24. A research instrument must be reliable, meaning it:
A) Gives random answers
B) Changes often
C) Cannot be tested
D) Produces consistent results
  • 25. Ethics in research aims to prevent:
A) Sampling
B) Correct answers
C) Accurate data
D) Harm to participants
  • 26. A theoretical framework is based on:
A) Random ideas
B) Personal belief
C) Established theories
D) Guessing
  • 27. Which of the following is NOT a data collection method?
A) Observation
B) Survey
C) Fiction writing
D) Interview
  • 28. A short summary of the entire study is the:
A) Appendix
B) Bibliography
C) Introduction
D) Abstract
  • 29. The group of people where data is collected is called:
A) Hypothesis
B) Sample
C) Universe
D) Cluster
  • 30. A study that seeks to explain the cause of crime is:
A) Descriptive
B) Causal
C) Historical
D) Exploratory
  • 31. A study that explores a new idea without much previous literature is:
A) Quasi-experimental
B) Exploratory
C) Descriptive
D) Experimental
  • 32. The part that presents the findings is:
A) Chapter 1
B) Chapter 2
C) Chapter 4
D) Appendix
  • 33. The difference between highest and lowest value is:
A) Range
B) Mean
C) Variance
D) Mode
  • 34. A table used to summarize data is called:
A) Appendix
B) Graph
C) Theory chart
D) Frequency distribution
  • 35. A detailed description of a person or event is a:
A) Observation
B) Survey
C) Case study
D) Hypothesis
  • 36. When the researcher manipulates variables, it is:
A) Descriptive research
B) Experimental research
C) Narrative research
D) Qualitative research
  • 37. An ethical researcher must always:
A) Hide results
B) Fabricate data
C) Respect privacy
D) Force respondents to answer
  • 38. A research tool such as interview guide or survey form is a:
A) Conclusion
B) Framework
C) Variable
D) Instrument
  • 39. A bibliography is a list of:
A) Tables
B) Books and sources used
C) Questions
D) Participants
  • 40. In a bar graph, the bars represent:
A) Values and categories
B) Literature
C) Recommendations
D) Theories
  • 41. A hypothesis supported by evidence is:
A) Ignored
B) Weak
C) Accepted
D) Useless
  • 42. A document where respondents write their answers is the:
A) Appendix
B) Framework
C) Questionnaire
D) Instrument panel
  • 43. Which represents numerical data?
A) Historical
B) Exploratory
C) Qualitative
D) Quantitative
  • 44. Chapter 3 is typically concerned with:
A) Discussion
B) Results
C) Methodology
D) Review of literature
  • 45. A group selected because they are easy to reach is called:
A) Random sample
B) Systematic sample
C) Stratified sample
D) Convenience sample
  • 46. A survey that uses open-ended questions is usually:
A) Qualitative
B) Experimental
C) Correlational
D) Quantitative
  • 47. The main goal of criminological research is to:
A) Discover facts about crime and criminal behavior
B) Entertain readers
C) Guess about crimes
D) Punish offenders
  • 48. Research is best defined as:
A) Systematic inquiry to discover new knowledge
B) Reading books
C) Copying old ideas
D) Random investigation
  • 49. A specific concern that a study seeks to address is called:
A) Hypothesis
B) Theory
C) Research problem
D) Variable
  • 50. A tentative answer or assumption to be tested is a:
A) Recommendation
B) Conclusion
C) Research gap
D) Hypothesis
  • 51. Qualitative research deals with:
A) Numbers
B) Percentages
C) Measurements
D) Descriptions and meanings
  • 52. Quantitative research focuses on:
A) Statistical and numerical data
B) Case studies
C) Personal opinions
D) Statistical and numerical data
  • 53. The variable that is manipulated by the researcher is:
A) Constant variable
B) Independent variable
C) Controlled variable
D) Dependent variable
  • 54. The variable that is being measured is:
A) Independent variable
B) Control variable
C) Constant variable
D) Dependent variable
  • 55. A blueprint or plan of the study is called:
A) Research design
B) Research instrument
C) Data analysis
D) Hypothesis
  • 56. The purpose of a literature review is to:
A) Copy others’ work
B) Support and give background to the study
C) Collect data
D) Conclude findings
  • 57. The main goal of criminological research is to:
A) Punish offenders
B) Discover facts about crime and criminal behavior
C) Entertain readers
D) Guess about crimes
  • 58. Research is best defined as:
A) Reading books
B) Copying old ideas
C) Systematic inquiry to discover new knowledge
D) Random investigation
  • 59. A specific concern that a study seeks to address is called:
A) Theory
B) Hypothesis
C) Research problem
D) Variable
  • 60. A tentative answer or assumption to be tested is a:
A) Recommendation
B) Hypothesis
C) Research gap
D) Conclusion
  • 61. Qualitative research deals with:
A) Measurements
B) Percentages
C) Descriptions and meanings
D) Numbers
  • 62. Quantitative research focuses on:
A) Statistical and numerical data
B) Personal Opinions
C) Narratives
D) Case studies
  • 63. The variable that is manipulated by the researcher is:
A) Constant variable
B) Dependent variable
C) Independent variable
D) Controlled variable
  • 64. The variable that is being measured is:
A) Dependent variable
B) Constant variable
C) Control variable
D) Independent variable
  • 65. A blueprint or plan of the study is called:
A) Hypothesis
B) Research instrument
C) Research design
D) Data analysis
  • 66. The purpose of a literature review is to:
A) Copy others work
B) Support and give background to the study
C) Collect data
D) Conclude findings
  • 67. Sampling refers to:
A) Collecting all people in the world
B) Conducting interviews
C) Selecting a portion of the population
D) Random guessing
  • 68. Probability sampling gives each member:
A) Only chosen groups
B) Equal chance
C) No chance
D) Less chance
  • 69. Which is a type of probability sampling?
A) Purposive sampling
B) Simple random sampling
C) Convenience sampling
D) Quota sampling
  • 70. Which is a non-probability sampling technique?
A) Systematic sampling
B) Convenience sampling
C) Stratified sampling
D) Cluster sampling
  • 71. Data gathering procedure means:
A) Writing the conclusion
B) Analyzing data
C) Interpreting results
D) Collecting information from respondents
  • 72. Objectivity in research means:
A) Copying others’ work
B) Using emotions
C) Being fair and free from bias
D) Following personal beliefs
  • 73. A questionnaire is used to:
A) Interview only experts
B) Replace literature review
C) Record video data
D) Gather responses systematically
  • 74. Pilot testing is done to:
A) Gather main data
B) Interpret results
C) Test reliability and clarity of instruments
D) Conduct final defense
  • 75. Statistics in research are used to:
A) Analyze and summarize data
B) Predict the weather
C) Write conclusions
D) Make stories
  • 76. Research ethics ensures:
A) Fast approval
B) The study is secret
C) Honesty and protection of participants
D) Cost reduction
  • 77. Data analysis means:
A) Reading literature
B) Making surveys
C) Collecting raw data
D) Examining and organizing data to draw conclusions
  • 78. Coding in research is:
A) Writing a program
B) Creating categories
C) Assigning numbers or symbols to responses
D) Copying answers
  • 79. Descriptive statistics are used to
A) Predict future events
B) Collect responses
C) Describe and summarize data
D) Test hypotheses
  • 80. Inferential statistics are used to:
A) Arrange answers
B) Measure variables directly
C) Draw conclusions beyond the data
D) Describe findings
  • 81. The average of a data set is called:
A) Mean
B) Mode
C) Range
D) Median
  • 82. The middle value of a data set is:
A) Mean
B) Median
C) Mode
D) Range
  • 83. The most frequent value is called:
A) Mode
B) Frequency
C) Median
D) Mean
  • 84. A research report is:
A) A literature review
B) Raw data
C) Written presentation of research results
D) A list of questions
  • 85. SPSS is used for:
A) Editing photos
B) Statistical data analysis
C) Drawing diagrams only
D) Data gathering
  • 86. Correlation measures:
A) Group size
B) Number of samples
C) Relationship between two variables
D) Population total
  • 87. Population refers to:
A) All individuals of interest in a study
B) People living in a place
C) Random group
D) The sample
  • 88. A smaller group taken from the population is called:
A) Hypothesis
B) Cluster
C) Sample
D) Variable
  • 89. Primary data are:
A) Estimated information
B) Data collected directly by the researcher
C) Data collected by another researcher
D) Old data from books
  • 90. Secondary data are:
A) Experimental data
B) From surveys
C) From existing materials or sources
D) Collected directly
  • 91. Validity means:
A) Repeated testing
B) Accuracy of measurement
C) Random guessing
D) Consistency of results
  • 92. What is criminological research?
A) Study of police work
B) Study of law only
C) Study of criminals and crimes
D) Study of courts
  • 93. Which type of research uses numerical data?
A) QuantitCorreative
B) Descriptive
C) Narrative
D) Qualitative
  • 94. A hypothesis is best described as a:
A) Sampling method
B) Final conclusion
C) Testable statement
D) Research title
  • 95. What is a research population?
A) Selected respondents
B) Sample group
C) Entire group being studied
D) Only criminals
  • 96. Which is an example of primary data?
A) Newspaper
B) Book
C) Journal article
D) Interview
  • 97. The dependent variable is the:
A) Cause of changes
B) Control factor
C) Question
D) Result or outcome
  • 98. What is the main purpose of a literature review?
A) To summarize the results
B) To review related studies
C) To design questionnaires
D) To interview respondents
  • 99. Plagiarism occurs when:
A) You paraphrase properly
B) You cite sources
C) You copy without credit
D) You research online
  • 100. Ethics in research means:
A) Cheating
B) Writing style
C) Fairness and honesty
D) Speed of work
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