Criminological Research 1&2
  • 1. When is the right time to formulate your research abstract?
A) Prior the commencement of your research introduction
B) After the conduct of your research
C) After you data analysis
D) Upon the order of your research professor
  • 2. Tina has been assigned to accomplish their research references. After the first line in lining her first reference, she put the continuing part aligned to the first. Upon checking by her adviser, immediately, it was crossed out and was told to rewrite their research’s references. Did you think your research adviser was correct?
A) Yes, she is correct for the succeeding lines after the first shall be indented a half-inch from the left margin.
B) No, I learned that the first line and the succeeding lines should be aligned and patterned from the first line of one reference.
C) No, she is wrong for one reference shall be indented from the left margin.
D) Yes, she is correct for one reference shall be indented from the left margin.
  • 3. While doing the literature survey, Tina noticed that her research mate incorrectly put an in-text citation for two authors. How do you think her research mate plated their in -text citation?
A) (Apuya and Manalo, 2019)
B) According to Manalo (2019),...
C) (Manalo, 2019)
D) (Apuya & Manalo, 2019)
  • 4. Based on the 7th APA Manual, there are certain ways on how are you going to cite a direct quotation from a body of work. Thus, in putting an in-text citation, what important element must not be forgotten aside from the surname and year of publication?
A) Literature’s year of market sold
B) Book title
C) Secondary citation
D) Page Number
  • 5. “The study of Apuya & Manalo (2019) found that the community is willing to handover

    Help for the clients.” As a college graduate and a future RCrim, do you think it is correct or not?
A) The study of Apuya and Manalo (2019) found that the community is willing to handover help for the clients
B) The study of Apuya and Manalo, 2019 found that the community is willing to hand over help for the clients.
C) The study of (Apuya and Manalo, 2019) found that the community is willing to hand over help for the clients.
D) I will not be re-writing it as based on the teaching I learned, the citation is correct.
  • 6. Hannah, as considered a research expert, printed their hardcopy in a material which is not the standard size being used under APA 7th Edition. If you are to advise Hannah, what advice are you going to give her?
A) It must be printed on standard-sized paper of 8.5” x 11”
B) It must be printed on standard-sized paper
C) It must be printed on standard-sized paper of 8.5” x 13”
D) Keep it up.
  • 7. Your adviser told you to use the Arial font as a font style. Considering that Arial is allowed in the 7th edition, what font styles does the APA highly recommend to use?
A) Arial
B) Calibri
C) Times New Roman
D) Any of the forgoing
  • 8. Confidently, Pedro argued that the research page number shall be placed in the lower left of every page; but Juan strongly emphasized that it should be placed on the extreme lower right part. As an expert, who do you think is correct?
A) Pedro is correct since every page number to every literature is found at the extreme lower left.
B) None of them are correct.
C) Juan is correct since every page number to every literature is found at the extreme right left.
D) Either of the two can be utilized in placing a page number in a research.
  • 9. APA stands for:
A) American Psychological Associative
B) American Physiological Association
C) American Psychological Association
D) American Physical Application
  • 10. Running head is required for student paper; Professional paper only requires page header.
A) The latter statement is true, while the former is false
B) Both statements are false
C) Both statements are true
D) The first statement is true while the latter is false
  • 11. Facebook, Youtube and even Podcasts are accepted to use as a reference material.
A) true
B) Yes
  • 12. The first major step in the research process is:
A) Making recommendations
B) Identifying a research problem
C) Writing a conclusion
D) Data analysis
  • 13. A characteristic of scientific research is that it must be:
A) Opinion-based
B) Biased
C) Systematic
D) Random
  • 14. A research title must be:
A) Ambiguous
B) Long and complicated
C) Clear and concise
D) Emotional
  • 15. A concept that can be measured is called a:
A) Variable
B) Hypothesis
C) Theory
D) Problem
  • 16. The review of related literature is usually found in:
A) Chapter 1
B) Chapter 5
C) Chapter 2
D) Chapter 3
  • 17. Which of the following is a primary method of data collection?
A) Watching videos
B) Reading textbooks
C) Googling
D) Conducting surveys
  • 18. Which sampling method selects every nth element?
A) Random sampling
B) Systematic sampling
C) Systematic sampling
D) Cluster sampling
  • 19. The process of grouping similar data is called:
A) Coding
B) Editing
C) Classifying
D) Hypothesizing
  • 20. Which section includes the research questions?
A) Results
B) Which section includes the research questions?
C) Chapter 2
D) Abstract
  • 21. The best tool for analyzing numerical data is:
A) Letters
B) Interview
C) Maps
D) Statistical software
  • 22. The part where the method and tools used are explained:
A) Chapter 1
B) Chapter 4
C) Chapter 3
D) Chapter 5
  • 23. When data is arranged from smallest to largest, this is called:
A) Ranking
B) Sorting
C) Coding
D) Aligning
  • 24. A research instrument must be reliable, meaning it:
A) Changes often
B) Gives random answers
C) Cannot be tested
D) Produces consistent results
  • 25. Ethics in research aims to prevent:
A) Sampling
B) Correct answers
C) Harm to participants
D) Accurate data
  • 26. A theoretical framework is based on:
A) Personal belief
B) Guessing
C) Established theories
D) Random ideas
  • 27. Which of the following is NOT a data collection method?
A) Fiction writing
B) Interview
C) Survey
D) Observation
  • 28. A short summary of the entire study is the:
A) Abstract
B) Appendix
C) Bibliography
D) Introduction
  • 29. The group of people where data is collected is called:
A) Sample
B) Universe
C) Hypothesis
D) Cluster
  • 30. A study that seeks to explain the cause of crime is:
A) Exploratory
B) Descriptive
C) Historical
D) Causal
  • 31. A study that explores a new idea without much previous literature is:
A) Descriptive
B) Experimental
C) Exploratory
D) Quasi-experimental
  • 32. The part that presents the findings is:
A) Appendix
B) Chapter 2
C) Chapter 1
D) Chapter 4
  • 33. The difference between highest and lowest value is:
A) Mean
B) Mode
C) Range
D) Variance
  • 34. A table used to summarize data is called:
A) Graph
B) Appendix
C) Theory chart
D) Frequency distribution
  • 35. A detailed description of a person or event is a:
A) Case study
B) Hypothesis
C) Observation
D) Survey
  • 36. When the researcher manipulates variables, it is:
A) Experimental research
B) Qualitative research
C) Narrative research
D) Descriptive research
  • 37. An ethical researcher must always:
A) Hide results
B) Respect privacy
C) Fabricate data
D) Force respondents to answer
  • 38. A research tool such as interview guide or survey form is a:
A) Conclusion
B) Variable
C) Instrument
D) Framework
  • 39. A bibliography is a list of:
A) Books and sources used
B) Questions
C) Tables
D) Participants
  • 40. In a bar graph, the bars represent:
A) Recommendations
B) Literature
C) Theories
D) Values and categories
  • 41. A hypothesis supported by evidence is:
A) Ignored
B) Useless
C) Weak
D) Accepted
  • 42. A document where respondents write their answers is the:
A) Appendix
B) Framework
C) Instrument panel
D) Questionnaire
  • 43. Which represents numerical data?
A) Exploratory
B) Quantitative
C) Historical
D) Qualitative
  • 44. Chapter 3 is typically concerned with:
A) Methodology
B) Review of literature
C) Discussion
D) Results
  • 45. A group selected because they are easy to reach is called:
A) Convenience sample
B) Random sample
C) Systematic sample
D) Stratified sample
  • 46. A survey that uses open-ended questions is usually:
A) Correlational
B) Qualitative
C) Experimental
D) Quantitative
  • 47. The main goal of criminological research is to:
A) Discover facts about crime and criminal behavior
B) Punish offenders
C) Guess about crimes
D) Entertain readers
  • 48. Research is best defined as:
A) Random investigation
B) Reading books
C) Copying old ideas
D) Systematic inquiry to discover new knowledge
  • 49. A specific concern that a study seeks to address is called:
A) Hypothesis
B) Variable
C) Research problem
D) Theory
  • 50. A tentative answer or assumption to be tested is a:
A) Research gap
B) Conclusion
C) Hypothesis
D) Recommendation
  • 51. Qualitative research deals with:
A) Numbers
B) Measurements
C) Descriptions and meanings
D) Percentages
  • 52. Quantitative research focuses on:
A) Statistical and numerical data
B) Statistical and numerical data
C) Personal opinions
D) Case studies
  • 53. The variable that is manipulated by the researcher is:
A) Controlled variable
B) Independent variable
C) Dependent variable
D) Constant variable
  • 54. The variable that is being measured is:
A) Dependent variable
B) Independent variable
C) Constant variable
D) Control variable
  • 55. A blueprint or plan of the study is called:
A) Research instrument
B) Research design
C) Hypothesis
D) Data analysis
  • 56. The purpose of a literature review is to:
A) Conclude findings
B) Copy others’ work
C) Support and give background to the study
D) Collect data
  • 57. The main goal of criminological research is to:
A) Punish offenders
B) Discover facts about crime and criminal behavior
C) Guess about crimes
D) Entertain readers
  • 58. Research is best defined as:
A) Reading books
B) Copying old ideas
C) Systematic inquiry to discover new knowledge
D) Random investigation
  • 59. A specific concern that a study seeks to address is called:
A) Research problem
B) Variable
C) Hypothesis
D) Theory
  • 60. A tentative answer or assumption to be tested is a:
A) Research gap
B) Recommendation
C) Conclusion
D) Hypothesis
  • 61. Qualitative research deals with:
A) Percentages
B) Descriptions and meanings
C) Measurements
D) Numbers
  • 62. Quantitative research focuses on:
A) Narratives
B) Case studies
C) Statistical and numerical data
D) Personal Opinions
  • 63. The variable that is manipulated by the researcher is:
A) Controlled variable
B) Constant variable
C) Independent variable
D) Dependent variable
  • 64. The variable that is being measured is:
A) Independent variable
B) Control variable
C) Dependent variable
D) Constant variable
  • 65. A blueprint or plan of the study is called:
A) Research instrument
B) Research design
C) Hypothesis
D) Data analysis
  • 66. The purpose of a literature review is to:
A) Collect data
B) Support and give background to the study
C) Copy others work
D) Conclude findings
  • 67. Sampling refers to:
A) Selecting a portion of the population
B) Random guessing
C) Conducting interviews
D) Collecting all people in the world
  • 68. Probability sampling gives each member:
A) Only chosen groups
B) Less chance
C) No chance
D) Equal chance
  • 69. Which is a type of probability sampling?
A) Purposive sampling
B) Simple random sampling
C) Convenience sampling
D) Quota sampling
  • 70. Which is a non-probability sampling technique?
A) Convenience sampling
B) Systematic sampling
C) Cluster sampling
D) Stratified sampling
  • 71. Data gathering procedure means:
A) Collecting information from respondents
B) Writing the conclusion
C) Interpreting results
D) Analyzing data
  • 72. Objectivity in research means:
A) Using emotions
B) Copying others’ work
C) Following personal beliefs
D) Being fair and free from bias
  • 73. A questionnaire is used to:
A) Record video data
B) Replace literature review
C) Interview only experts
D) Gather responses systematically
  • 74. Pilot testing is done to:
A) Conduct final defense
B) Test reliability and clarity of instruments
C) Interpret results
D) Gather main data
  • 75. Statistics in research are used to:
A) Make stories
B) Analyze and summarize data
C) Write conclusions
D) Predict the weather
  • 76. Research ethics ensures:
A) Honesty and protection of participants
B) Fast approval
C) The study is secret
D) Cost reduction
  • 77. Data analysis means:
A) Collecting raw data
B) Making surveys
C) Examining and organizing data to draw conclusions
D) Reading literature
  • 78. Coding in research is:
A) Writing a program
B) Copying answers
C) Assigning numbers or symbols to responses
D) Creating categories
  • 79. Descriptive statistics are used to
A) Collect responses
B) Test hypotheses
C) Describe and summarize data
D) Predict future events
  • 80. Inferential statistics are used to:
A) Describe findings
B) Arrange answers
C) Measure variables directly
D) Draw conclusions beyond the data
  • 81. The average of a data set is called:
A) Mean
B) Mode
C) Range
D) Median
  • 82. The middle value of a data set is:
A) Mean
B) Median
C) Mode
D) Range
  • 83. The most frequent value is called:
A) Median
B) Mean
C) Mode
D) Frequency
  • 84. A research report is:
A) A literature review
B) A list of questions
C) Raw data
D) Written presentation of research results
  • 85. SPSS is used for:
A) Drawing diagrams only
B) Data gathering
C) Statistical data analysis
D) Editing photos
  • 86. Correlation measures:
A) Population total
B) Number of samples
C) Relationship between two variables
D) Group size
  • 87. Population refers to:
A) All individuals of interest in a study
B) People living in a place
C) Random group
D) The sample
  • 88. A smaller group taken from the population is called:
A) Sample
B) Variable
C) Hypothesis
D) Cluster
  • 89. Primary data are:
A) Old data from books
B) Estimated information
C) Data collected directly by the researcher
D) Data collected by another researcher
  • 90. Secondary data are:
A) Collected directly
B) From surveys
C) Experimental data
D) From existing materials or sources
  • 91. Validity means:
A) Consistency of results
B) Accuracy of measurement
C) Repeated testing
D) Random guessing
  • 92. What is criminological research?
A) Study of law only
B) Study of courts
C) Study of criminals and crimes
D) Study of police work
  • 93. Which type of research uses numerical data?
A) Descriptive
B) Qualitative
C) QuantitCorreative
D) Narrative
  • 94. A hypothesis is best described as a:
A) Sampling method
B) Final conclusion
C) Research title
D) Testable statement
  • 95. What is a research population?
A) Only criminals
B) Selected respondents
C) Entire group being studied
D) Sample group
  • 96. Which is an example of primary data?
A) Book
B) Journal article
C) Interview
D) Newspaper
  • 97. The dependent variable is the:
A) Control factor
B) Cause of changes
C) Result or outcome
D) Question
  • 98. What is the main purpose of a literature review?
A) To design questionnaires
B) To review related studies
C) To summarize the results
D) To interview respondents
  • 99. Plagiarism occurs when:
A) You research online
B) You paraphrase properly
C) You cite sources
D) You copy without credit
  • 100. Ethics in research means:
A) Writing style
B) Cheating
C) Fairness and honesty
D) Speed of work
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