Criminological Research 1&2
  • 1. When is the right time to formulate your research abstract?
A) After the conduct of your research
B) After you data analysis
C) Prior the commencement of your research introduction
D) Upon the order of your research professor
  • 2. Tina has been assigned to accomplish their research references. After the first line in lining her first reference, she put the continuing part aligned to the first. Upon checking by her adviser, immediately, it was crossed out and was told to rewrite their research’s references. Did you think your research adviser was correct?
A) No, I learned that the first line and the succeeding lines should be aligned and patterned from the first line of one reference.
B) No, she is wrong for one reference shall be indented from the left margin.
C) Yes, she is correct for one reference shall be indented from the left margin.
D) Yes, she is correct for the succeeding lines after the first shall be indented a half-inch from the left margin.
  • 3. While doing the literature survey, Tina noticed that her research mate incorrectly put an in-text citation for two authors. How do you think her research mate plated their in -text citation?
A) According to Manalo (2019),...
B) (Apuya and Manalo, 2019)
C) (Apuya & Manalo, 2019)
D) (Manalo, 2019)
  • 4. Based on the 7th APA Manual, there are certain ways on how are you going to cite a direct quotation from a body of work. Thus, in putting an in-text citation, what important element must not be forgotten aside from the surname and year of publication?
A) Secondary citation
B) Book title
C) Page Number
D) Literature’s year of market sold
  • 5. “The study of Apuya & Manalo (2019) found that the community is willing to handover

    Help for the clients.” As a college graduate and a future RCrim, do you think it is correct or not?
A) The study of (Apuya and Manalo, 2019) found that the community is willing to hand over help for the clients.
B) I will not be re-writing it as based on the teaching I learned, the citation is correct.
C) The study of Apuya and Manalo, 2019 found that the community is willing to hand over help for the clients.
D) The study of Apuya and Manalo (2019) found that the community is willing to handover help for the clients
  • 6. Hannah, as considered a research expert, printed their hardcopy in a material which is not the standard size being used under APA 7th Edition. If you are to advise Hannah, what advice are you going to give her?
A) Keep it up.
B) It must be printed on standard-sized paper of 8.5” x 11”
C) It must be printed on standard-sized paper
D) It must be printed on standard-sized paper of 8.5” x 13”
  • 7. Your adviser told you to use the Arial font as a font style. Considering that Arial is allowed in the 7th edition, what font styles does the APA highly recommend to use?
A) Times New Roman
B) Any of the forgoing
C) Calibri
D) Arial
  • 8. Confidently, Pedro argued that the research page number shall be placed in the lower left of every page; but Juan strongly emphasized that it should be placed on the extreme lower right part. As an expert, who do you think is correct?
A) Juan is correct since every page number to every literature is found at the extreme right left.
B) Pedro is correct since every page number to every literature is found at the extreme lower left.
C) None of them are correct.
D) Either of the two can be utilized in placing a page number in a research.
  • 9. APA stands for:
A) American Psychological Associative
B) American Physiological Association
C) American Psychological Association
D) American Physical Application
  • 10. Running head is required for student paper; Professional paper only requires page header.
A) Both statements are true
B) Both statements are false
C) The latter statement is true, while the former is false
D) The first statement is true while the latter is false
  • 11. Facebook, Youtube and even Podcasts are accepted to use as a reference material.
A) true
B) Yes
  • 12. The first major step in the research process is:
A) Data analysis
B) Making recommendations
C) Writing a conclusion
D) Identifying a research problem
  • 13. A characteristic of scientific research is that it must be:
A) Biased
B) Random
C) Systematic
D) Opinion-based
  • 14. A research title must be:
A) Clear and concise
B) Long and complicated
C) Ambiguous
D) Emotional
  • 15. A concept that can be measured is called a:
A) Theory
B) Variable
C) Hypothesis
D) Problem
  • 16. The review of related literature is usually found in:
A) Chapter 3
B) Chapter 1
C) Chapter 5
D) Chapter 2
  • 17. Which of the following is a primary method of data collection?
A) Reading textbooks
B) Conducting surveys
C) Googling
D) Watching videos
  • 18. Which sampling method selects every nth element?
A) Random sampling
B) Systematic sampling
C) Systematic sampling
D) Cluster sampling
  • 19. The process of grouping similar data is called:
A) Coding
B) Classifying
C) Hypothesizing
D) Editing
  • 20. Which section includes the research questions?
A) Abstract
B) Which section includes the research questions?
C) Results
D) Chapter 2
  • 21. The best tool for analyzing numerical data is:
A) Interview
B) Letters
C) Maps
D) Statistical software
  • 22. The part where the method and tools used are explained:
A) Chapter 3
B) Chapter 5
C) Chapter 1
D) Chapter 4
  • 23. When data is arranged from smallest to largest, this is called:
A) Coding
B) Ranking
C) Aligning
D) Sorting
  • 24. A research instrument must be reliable, meaning it:
A) Changes often
B) Gives random answers
C) Cannot be tested
D) Produces consistent results
  • 25. Ethics in research aims to prevent:
A) Accurate data
B) Correct answers
C) Sampling
D) Harm to participants
  • 26. A theoretical framework is based on:
A) Established theories
B) Guessing
C) Personal belief
D) Random ideas
  • 27. Which of the following is NOT a data collection method?
A) Observation
B) Fiction writing
C) Survey
D) Interview
  • 28. A short summary of the entire study is the:
A) Appendix
B) Bibliography
C) Introduction
D) Abstract
  • 29. The group of people where data is collected is called:
A) Cluster
B) Hypothesis
C) Universe
D) Sample
  • 30. A study that seeks to explain the cause of crime is:
A) Causal
B) Exploratory
C) Historical
D) Descriptive
  • 31. A study that explores a new idea without much previous literature is:
A) Exploratory
B) Descriptive
C) Experimental
D) Quasi-experimental
  • 32. The part that presents the findings is:
A) Chapter 2
B) Appendix
C) Chapter 1
D) Chapter 4
  • 33. The difference between highest and lowest value is:
A) Variance
B) Mean
C) Range
D) Mode
  • 34. A table used to summarize data is called:
A) Graph
B) Appendix
C) Theory chart
D) Frequency distribution
  • 35. A detailed description of a person or event is a:
A) Observation
B) Survey
C) Hypothesis
D) Case study
  • 36. When the researcher manipulates variables, it is:
A) Qualitative research
B) Narrative research
C) Descriptive research
D) Experimental research
  • 37. An ethical researcher must always:
A) Respect privacy
B) Fabricate data
C) Force respondents to answer
D) Hide results
  • 38. A research tool such as interview guide or survey form is a:
A) Instrument
B) Variable
C) Framework
D) Conclusion
  • 39. A bibliography is a list of:
A) Tables
B) Books and sources used
C) Questions
D) Participants
  • 40. In a bar graph, the bars represent:
A) Theories
B) Values and categories
C) Literature
D) Recommendations
  • 41. A hypothesis supported by evidence is:
A) Accepted
B) Weak
C) Useless
D) Ignored
  • 42. A document where respondents write their answers is the:
A) Appendix
B) Framework
C) Questionnaire
D) Instrument panel
  • 43. Which represents numerical data?
A) Quantitative
B) Qualitative
C) Exploratory
D) Historical
  • 44. Chapter 3 is typically concerned with:
A) Methodology
B) Review of literature
C) Discussion
D) Results
  • 45. A group selected because they are easy to reach is called:
A) Stratified sample
B) Systematic sample
C) Convenience sample
D) Random sample
  • 46. A survey that uses open-ended questions is usually:
A) Experimental
B) Quantitative
C) Qualitative
D) Correlational
  • 47. The main goal of criminological research is to:
A) Discover facts about crime and criminal behavior
B) Punish offenders
C) Entertain readers
D) Guess about crimes
  • 48. Research is best defined as:
A) Copying old ideas
B) Systematic inquiry to discover new knowledge
C) Random investigation
D) Reading books
  • 49. A specific concern that a study seeks to address is called:
A) Variable
B) Theory
C) Research problem
D) Hypothesis
  • 50. A tentative answer or assumption to be tested is a:
A) Research gap
B) Conclusion
C) Hypothesis
D) Recommendation
  • 51. Qualitative research deals with:
A) Percentages
B) Numbers
C) Measurements
D) Descriptions and meanings
  • 52. Quantitative research focuses on:
A) Statistical and numerical data
B) Personal opinions
C) Statistical and numerical data
D) Case studies
  • 53. The variable that is manipulated by the researcher is:
A) Independent variable
B) Dependent variable
C) Controlled variable
D) Constant variable
  • 54. The variable that is being measured is:
A) Independent variable
B) Dependent variable
C) Control variable
D) Constant variable
  • 55. A blueprint or plan of the study is called:
A) Research design
B) Research instrument
C) Hypothesis
D) Data analysis
  • 56. The purpose of a literature review is to:
A) Copy others’ work
B) Support and give background to the study
C) Conclude findings
D) Collect data
  • 57. The main goal of criminological research is to:
A) Guess about crimes
B) Entertain readers
C) Discover facts about crime and criminal behavior
D) Punish offenders
  • 58. Research is best defined as:
A) Copying old ideas
B) Random investigation
C) Reading books
D) Systematic inquiry to discover new knowledge
  • 59. A specific concern that a study seeks to address is called:
A) Variable
B) Theory
C) Research problem
D) Hypothesis
  • 60. A tentative answer or assumption to be tested is a:
A) Hypothesis
B) Recommendation
C) Research gap
D) Conclusion
  • 61. Qualitative research deals with:
A) Numbers
B) Descriptions and meanings
C) Percentages
D) Measurements
  • 62. Quantitative research focuses on:
A) Personal Opinions
B) Case studies
C) Statistical and numerical data
D) Narratives
  • 63. The variable that is manipulated by the researcher is:
A) Independent variable
B) Controlled variable
C) Constant variable
D) Dependent variable
  • 64. The variable that is being measured is:
A) Independent variable
B) Control variable
C) Dependent variable
D) Constant variable
  • 65. A blueprint or plan of the study is called:
A) Hypothesis
B) Research instrument
C) Data analysis
D) Research design
  • 66. The purpose of a literature review is to:
A) Collect data
B) Support and give background to the study
C) Copy others work
D) Conclude findings
  • 67. Sampling refers to:
A) Collecting all people in the world
B) Random guessing
C) Conducting interviews
D) Selecting a portion of the population
  • 68. Probability sampling gives each member:
A) Less chance
B) Equal chance
C) No chance
D) Only chosen groups
  • 69. Which is a type of probability sampling?
A) Simple random sampling
B) Quota sampling
C) Convenience sampling
D) Purposive sampling
  • 70. Which is a non-probability sampling technique?
A) Cluster sampling
B) Stratified sampling
C) Convenience sampling
D) Systematic sampling
  • 71. Data gathering procedure means:
A) Analyzing data
B) Writing the conclusion
C) Interpreting results
D) Collecting information from respondents
  • 72. Objectivity in research means:
A) Being fair and free from bias
B) Copying others’ work
C) Following personal beliefs
D) Using emotions
  • 73. A questionnaire is used to:
A) Gather responses systematically
B) Replace literature review
C) Interview only experts
D) Record video data
  • 74. Pilot testing is done to:
A) Conduct final defense
B) Interpret results
C) Test reliability and clarity of instruments
D) Gather main data
  • 75. Statistics in research are used to:
A) Write conclusions
B) Analyze and summarize data
C) Make stories
D) Predict the weather
  • 76. Research ethics ensures:
A) Cost reduction
B) Honesty and protection of participants
C) The study is secret
D) Fast approval
  • 77. Data analysis means:
A) Collecting raw data
B) Examining and organizing data to draw conclusions
C) Making surveys
D) Reading literature
  • 78. Coding in research is:
A) Assigning numbers or symbols to responses
B) Creating categories
C) Copying answers
D) Writing a program
  • 79. Descriptive statistics are used to
A) Predict future events
B) Describe and summarize data
C) Collect responses
D) Test hypotheses
  • 80. Inferential statistics are used to:
A) Draw conclusions beyond the data
B) Arrange answers
C) Describe findings
D) Measure variables directly
  • 81. The average of a data set is called:
A) Median
B) Mean
C) Mode
D) Range
  • 82. The middle value of a data set is:
A) Mode
B) Mean
C) Median
D) Range
  • 83. The most frequent value is called:
A) Mean
B) Frequency
C) Median
D) Mode
  • 84. A research report is:
A) Raw data
B) A list of questions
C) A literature review
D) Written presentation of research results
  • 85. SPSS is used for:
A) Data gathering
B) Editing photos
C) Statistical data analysis
D) Drawing diagrams only
  • 86. Correlation measures:
A) Population total
B) Group size
C) Number of samples
D) Relationship between two variables
  • 87. Population refers to:
A) Random group
B) All individuals of interest in a study
C) People living in a place
D) The sample
  • 88. A smaller group taken from the population is called:
A) Cluster
B) Variable
C) Sample
D) Hypothesis
  • 89. Primary data are:
A) Old data from books
B) Data collected directly by the researcher
C) Data collected by another researcher
D) Estimated information
  • 90. Secondary data are:
A) From surveys
B) Collected directly
C) From existing materials or sources
D) Experimental data
  • 91. Validity means:
A) Consistency of results
B) Random guessing
C) Accuracy of measurement
D) Repeated testing
  • 92. What is criminological research?
A) Study of criminals and crimes
B) Study of police work
C) Study of law only
D) Study of courts
  • 93. Which type of research uses numerical data?
A) Narrative
B) Descriptive
C) QuantitCorreative
D) Qualitative
  • 94. A hypothesis is best described as a:
A) Testable statement
B) Research title
C) Final conclusion
D) Sampling method
  • 95. What is a research population?
A) Entire group being studied
B) Selected respondents
C) Only criminals
D) Sample group
  • 96. Which is an example of primary data?
A) Book
B) Interview
C) Journal article
D) Newspaper
  • 97. The dependent variable is the:
A) Cause of changes
B) Result or outcome
C) Control factor
D) Question
  • 98. What is the main purpose of a literature review?
A) To review related studies
B) To summarize the results
C) To interview respondents
D) To design questionnaires
  • 99. Plagiarism occurs when:
A) You paraphrase properly
B) You research online
C) You copy without credit
D) You cite sources
  • 100. Ethics in research means:
A) Cheating
B) Fairness and honesty
C) Speed of work
D) Writing style
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