Criminological Research 1&2
  • 1. When is the right time to formulate your research abstract?
A) After the conduct of your research
B) After you data analysis
C) Prior the commencement of your research introduction
D) Upon the order of your research professor
  • 2. Tina has been assigned to accomplish their research references. After the first line in lining her first reference, she put the continuing part aligned to the first. Upon checking by her adviser, immediately, it was crossed out and was told to rewrite their research’s references. Did you think your research adviser was correct?
A) No, I learned that the first line and the succeeding lines should be aligned and patterned from the first line of one reference.
B) Yes, she is correct for one reference shall be indented from the left margin.
C) Yes, she is correct for the succeeding lines after the first shall be indented a half-inch from the left margin.
D) No, she is wrong for one reference shall be indented from the left margin.
  • 3. While doing the literature survey, Tina noticed that her research mate incorrectly put an in-text citation for two authors. How do you think her research mate plated their in -text citation?
A) (Apuya and Manalo, 2019)
B) (Manalo, 2019)
C) (Apuya & Manalo, 2019)
D) According to Manalo (2019),...
  • 4. Based on the 7th APA Manual, there are certain ways on how are you going to cite a direct quotation from a body of work. Thus, in putting an in-text citation, what important element must not be forgotten aside from the surname and year of publication?
A) Page Number
B) Literature’s year of market sold
C) Secondary citation
D) Book title
  • 5. “The study of Apuya & Manalo (2019) found that the community is willing to handover

    Help for the clients.” As a college graduate and a future RCrim, do you think it is correct or not?
A) The study of (Apuya and Manalo, 2019) found that the community is willing to hand over help for the clients.
B) I will not be re-writing it as based on the teaching I learned, the citation is correct.
C) The study of Apuya and Manalo, 2019 found that the community is willing to hand over help for the clients.
D) The study of Apuya and Manalo (2019) found that the community is willing to handover help for the clients
  • 6. Hannah, as considered a research expert, printed their hardcopy in a material which is not the standard size being used under APA 7th Edition. If you are to advise Hannah, what advice are you going to give her?
A) It must be printed on standard-sized paper
B) Keep it up.
C) It must be printed on standard-sized paper of 8.5” x 13”
D) It must be printed on standard-sized paper of 8.5” x 11”
  • 7. Your adviser told you to use the Arial font as a font style. Considering that Arial is allowed in the 7th edition, what font styles does the APA highly recommend to use?
A) Times New Roman
B) Arial
C) Calibri
D) Any of the forgoing
  • 8. Confidently, Pedro argued that the research page number shall be placed in the lower left of every page; but Juan strongly emphasized that it should be placed on the extreme lower right part. As an expert, who do you think is correct?
A) Either of the two can be utilized in placing a page number in a research.
B) Juan is correct since every page number to every literature is found at the extreme right left.
C) Pedro is correct since every page number to every literature is found at the extreme lower left.
D) None of them are correct.
  • 9. APA stands for:
A) American Psychological Association
B) American Psychological Associative
C) American Physical Application
D) American Physiological Association
  • 10. Running head is required for student paper; Professional paper only requires page header.
A) Both statements are false
B) The latter statement is true, while the former is false
C) Both statements are true
D) The first statement is true while the latter is false
  • 11. Facebook, Youtube and even Podcasts are accepted to use as a reference material.
A) Yes
B) true
  • 12. The first major step in the research process is:
A) Making recommendations
B) Identifying a research problem
C) Data analysis
D) Writing a conclusion
  • 13. A characteristic of scientific research is that it must be:
A) Opinion-based
B) Systematic
C) Random
D) Biased
  • 14. A research title must be:
A) Ambiguous
B) Long and complicated
C) Clear and concise
D) Emotional
  • 15. A concept that can be measured is called a:
A) Variable
B) Hypothesis
C) Problem
D) Theory
  • 16. The review of related literature is usually found in:
A) Chapter 5
B) Chapter 3
C) Chapter 2
D) Chapter 1
  • 17. Which of the following is a primary method of data collection?
A) Reading textbooks
B) Googling
C) Conducting surveys
D) Watching videos
  • 18. Which sampling method selects every nth element?
A) Systematic sampling
B) Systematic sampling
C) Cluster sampling
D) Random sampling
  • 19. The process of grouping similar data is called:
A) Classifying
B) Coding
C) Hypothesizing
D) Editing
  • 20. Which section includes the research questions?
A) Results
B) Chapter 2
C) Abstract
D) Which section includes the research questions?
  • 21. The best tool for analyzing numerical data is:
A) Interview
B) Letters
C) Maps
D) Statistical software
  • 22. The part where the method and tools used are explained:
A) Chapter 5
B) Chapter 4
C) Chapter 1
D) Chapter 3
  • 23. When data is arranged from smallest to largest, this is called:
A) Ranking
B) Sorting
C) Aligning
D) Coding
  • 24. A research instrument must be reliable, meaning it:
A) Gives random answers
B) Produces consistent results
C) Cannot be tested
D) Changes often
  • 25. Ethics in research aims to prevent:
A) Harm to participants
B) Correct answers
C) Sampling
D) Accurate data
  • 26. A theoretical framework is based on:
A) Personal belief
B) Established theories
C) Guessing
D) Random ideas
  • 27. Which of the following is NOT a data collection method?
A) Interview
B) Fiction writing
C) Observation
D) Survey
  • 28. A short summary of the entire study is the:
A) Abstract
B) Bibliography
C) Introduction
D) Appendix
  • 29. The group of people where data is collected is called:
A) Universe
B) Hypothesis
C) Sample
D) Cluster
  • 30. A study that seeks to explain the cause of crime is:
A) Historical
B) Causal
C) Exploratory
D) Descriptive
  • 31. A study that explores a new idea without much previous literature is:
A) Quasi-experimental
B) Experimental
C) Descriptive
D) Exploratory
  • 32. The part that presents the findings is:
A) Chapter 1
B) Chapter 2
C) Appendix
D) Chapter 4
  • 33. The difference between highest and lowest value is:
A) Variance
B) Mean
C) Range
D) Mode
  • 34. A table used to summarize data is called:
A) Theory chart
B) Graph
C) Appendix
D) Frequency distribution
  • 35. A detailed description of a person or event is a:
A) Survey
B) Case study
C) Observation
D) Hypothesis
  • 36. When the researcher manipulates variables, it is:
A) Descriptive research
B) Narrative research
C) Qualitative research
D) Experimental research
  • 37. An ethical researcher must always:
A) Fabricate data
B) Hide results
C) Force respondents to answer
D) Respect privacy
  • 38. A research tool such as interview guide or survey form is a:
A) Instrument
B) Framework
C) Variable
D) Conclusion
  • 39. A bibliography is a list of:
A) Participants
B) Tables
C) Books and sources used
D) Questions
  • 40. In a bar graph, the bars represent:
A) Literature
B) Theories
C) Values and categories
D) Recommendations
  • 41. A hypothesis supported by evidence is:
A) Accepted
B) Weak
C) Ignored
D) Useless
  • 42. A document where respondents write their answers is the:
A) Appendix
B) Instrument panel
C) Questionnaire
D) Framework
  • 43. Which represents numerical data?
A) Quantitative
B) Exploratory
C) Historical
D) Qualitative
  • 44. Chapter 3 is typically concerned with:
A) Review of literature
B) Results
C) Discussion
D) Methodology
  • 45. A group selected because they are easy to reach is called:
A) Systematic sample
B) Stratified sample
C) Convenience sample
D) Random sample
  • 46. A survey that uses open-ended questions is usually:
A) Experimental
B) Correlational
C) Qualitative
D) Quantitative
  • 47. The main goal of criminological research is to:
A) Discover facts about crime and criminal behavior
B) Guess about crimes
C) Punish offenders
D) Entertain readers
  • 48. Research is best defined as:
A) Copying old ideas
B) Random investigation
C) Systematic inquiry to discover new knowledge
D) Reading books
  • 49. A specific concern that a study seeks to address is called:
A) Variable
B) Hypothesis
C) Theory
D) Research problem
  • 50. A tentative answer or assumption to be tested is a:
A) Hypothesis
B) Recommendation
C) Conclusion
D) Research gap
  • 51. Qualitative research deals with:
A) Descriptions and meanings
B) Measurements
C) Numbers
D) Percentages
  • 52. Quantitative research focuses on:
A) Personal opinions
B) Statistical and numerical data
C) Statistical and numerical data
D) Case studies
  • 53. The variable that is manipulated by the researcher is:
A) Independent variable
B) Dependent variable
C) Controlled variable
D) Constant variable
  • 54. The variable that is being measured is:
A) Dependent variable
B) Control variable
C) Independent variable
D) Constant variable
  • 55. A blueprint or plan of the study is called:
A) Research design
B) Hypothesis
C) Data analysis
D) Research instrument
  • 56. The purpose of a literature review is to:
A) Conclude findings
B) Collect data
C) Copy others’ work
D) Support and give background to the study
  • 57. The main goal of criminological research is to:
A) Discover facts about crime and criminal behavior
B) Punish offenders
C) Guess about crimes
D) Entertain readers
  • 58. Research is best defined as:
A) Reading books
B) Systematic inquiry to discover new knowledge
C) Random investigation
D) Copying old ideas
  • 59. A specific concern that a study seeks to address is called:
A) Research problem
B) Hypothesis
C) Theory
D) Variable
  • 60. A tentative answer or assumption to be tested is a:
A) Research gap
B) Conclusion
C) Recommendation
D) Hypothesis
  • 61. Qualitative research deals with:
A) Descriptions and meanings
B) Numbers
C) Percentages
D) Measurements
  • 62. Quantitative research focuses on:
A) Narratives
B) Statistical and numerical data
C) Personal Opinions
D) Case studies
  • 63. The variable that is manipulated by the researcher is:
A) Constant variable
B) Dependent variable
C) Independent variable
D) Controlled variable
  • 64. The variable that is being measured is:
A) Constant variable
B) Dependent variable
C) Independent variable
D) Control variable
  • 65. A blueprint or plan of the study is called:
A) Research instrument
B) Hypothesis
C) Data analysis
D) Research design
  • 66. The purpose of a literature review is to:
A) Collect data
B) Conclude findings
C) Copy others work
D) Support and give background to the study
  • 67. Sampling refers to:
A) Conducting interviews
B) Random guessing
C) Collecting all people in the world
D) Selecting a portion of the population
  • 68. Probability sampling gives each member:
A) Less chance
B) No chance
C) Equal chance
D) Only chosen groups
  • 69. Which is a type of probability sampling?
A) Quota sampling
B) Convenience sampling
C) Purposive sampling
D) Simple random sampling
  • 70. Which is a non-probability sampling technique?
A) Convenience sampling
B) Cluster sampling
C) Stratified sampling
D) Systematic sampling
  • 71. Data gathering procedure means:
A) Analyzing data
B) Interpreting results
C) Collecting information from respondents
D) Writing the conclusion
  • 72. Objectivity in research means:
A) Copying others’ work
B) Being fair and free from bias
C) Using emotions
D) Following personal beliefs
  • 73. A questionnaire is used to:
A) Replace literature review
B) Interview only experts
C) Gather responses systematically
D) Record video data
  • 74. Pilot testing is done to:
A) Gather main data
B) Interpret results
C) Conduct final defense
D) Test reliability and clarity of instruments
  • 75. Statistics in research are used to:
A) Make stories
B) Analyze and summarize data
C) Write conclusions
D) Predict the weather
  • 76. Research ethics ensures:
A) Honesty and protection of participants
B) Cost reduction
C) Fast approval
D) The study is secret
  • 77. Data analysis means:
A) Examining and organizing data to draw conclusions
B) Reading literature
C) Making surveys
D) Collecting raw data
  • 78. Coding in research is:
A) Writing a program
B) Creating categories
C) Assigning numbers or symbols to responses
D) Copying answers
  • 79. Descriptive statistics are used to
A) Predict future events
B) Test hypotheses
C) Collect responses
D) Describe and summarize data
  • 80. Inferential statistics are used to:
A) Measure variables directly
B) Describe findings
C) Arrange answers
D) Draw conclusions beyond the data
  • 81. The average of a data set is called:
A) Mean
B) Mode
C) Median
D) Range
  • 82. The middle value of a data set is:
A) Mode
B) Mean
C) Range
D) Median
  • 83. The most frequent value is called:
A) Median
B) Mode
C) Frequency
D) Mean
  • 84. A research report is:
A) Raw data
B) A list of questions
C) A literature review
D) Written presentation of research results
  • 85. SPSS is used for:
A) Editing photos
B) Data gathering
C) Drawing diagrams only
D) Statistical data analysis
  • 86. Correlation measures:
A) Relationship between two variables
B) Number of samples
C) Group size
D) Population total
  • 87. Population refers to:
A) The sample
B) All individuals of interest in a study
C) People living in a place
D) Random group
  • 88. A smaller group taken from the population is called:
A) Sample
B) Cluster
C) Hypothesis
D) Variable
  • 89. Primary data are:
A) Data collected directly by the researcher
B) Data collected by another researcher
C) Old data from books
D) Estimated information
  • 90. Secondary data are:
A) From surveys
B) Collected directly
C) Experimental data
D) From existing materials or sources
  • 91. Validity means:
A) Accuracy of measurement
B) Random guessing
C) Repeated testing
D) Consistency of results
  • 92. What is criminological research?
A) Study of police work
B) Study of law only
C) Study of courts
D) Study of criminals and crimes
  • 93. Which type of research uses numerical data?
A) Qualitative
B) QuantitCorreative
C) Descriptive
D) Narrative
  • 94. A hypothesis is best described as a:
A) Research title
B) Testable statement
C) Sampling method
D) Final conclusion
  • 95. What is a research population?
A) Only criminals
B) Entire group being studied
C) Selected respondents
D) Sample group
  • 96. Which is an example of primary data?
A) Journal article
B) Interview
C) Book
D) Newspaper
  • 97. The dependent variable is the:
A) Cause of changes
B) Result or outcome
C) Question
D) Control factor
  • 98. What is the main purpose of a literature review?
A) To summarize the results
B) To interview respondents
C) To design questionnaires
D) To review related studies
  • 99. Plagiarism occurs when:
A) You paraphrase properly
B) You copy without credit
C) You cite sources
D) You research online
  • 100. Ethics in research means:
A) Cheating
B) Fairness and honesty
C) Speed of work
D) Writing style
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