Criminological Research 1&2
  • 1. When is the right time to formulate your research abstract?
A) Prior the commencement of your research introduction
B) Upon the order of your research professor
C) After you data analysis
D) After the conduct of your research
  • 2. Tina has been assigned to accomplish their research references. After the first line in lining her first reference, she put the continuing part aligned to the first. Upon checking by her adviser, immediately, it was crossed out and was told to rewrite their research’s references. Did you think your research adviser was correct?
A) Yes, she is correct for one reference shall be indented from the left margin.
B) Yes, she is correct for the succeeding lines after the first shall be indented a half-inch from the left margin.
C) No, I learned that the first line and the succeeding lines should be aligned and patterned from the first line of one reference.
D) No, she is wrong for one reference shall be indented from the left margin.
  • 3. While doing the literature survey, Tina noticed that her research mate incorrectly put an in-text citation for two authors. How do you think her research mate plated their in -text citation?
A) (Apuya and Manalo, 2019)
B) According to Manalo (2019),...
C) (Apuya & Manalo, 2019)
D) (Manalo, 2019)
  • 4. Based on the 7th APA Manual, there are certain ways on how are you going to cite a direct quotation from a body of work. Thus, in putting an in-text citation, what important element must not be forgotten aside from the surname and year of publication?
A) Literature’s year of market sold
B) Book title
C) Secondary citation
D) Page Number
  • 5. “The study of Apuya & Manalo (2019) found that the community is willing to handover

    Help for the clients.” As a college graduate and a future RCrim, do you think it is correct or not?
A) The study of Apuya and Manalo (2019) found that the community is willing to handover help for the clients
B) The study of Apuya and Manalo, 2019 found that the community is willing to hand over help for the clients.
C) I will not be re-writing it as based on the teaching I learned, the citation is correct.
D) The study of (Apuya and Manalo, 2019) found that the community is willing to hand over help for the clients.
  • 6. Hannah, as considered a research expert, printed their hardcopy in a material which is not the standard size being used under APA 7th Edition. If you are to advise Hannah, what advice are you going to give her?
A) It must be printed on standard-sized paper
B) Keep it up.
C) It must be printed on standard-sized paper of 8.5” x 11”
D) It must be printed on standard-sized paper of 8.5” x 13”
  • 7. Your adviser told you to use the Arial font as a font style. Considering that Arial is allowed in the 7th edition, what font styles does the APA highly recommend to use?
A) Calibri
B) Any of the forgoing
C) Arial
D) Times New Roman
  • 8. Confidently, Pedro argued that the research page number shall be placed in the lower left of every page; but Juan strongly emphasized that it should be placed on the extreme lower right part. As an expert, who do you think is correct?
A) None of them are correct.
B) Pedro is correct since every page number to every literature is found at the extreme lower left.
C) Juan is correct since every page number to every literature is found at the extreme right left.
D) Either of the two can be utilized in placing a page number in a research.
  • 9. APA stands for:
A) American Psychological Associative
B) American Physical Application
C) American Physiological Association
D) American Psychological Association
  • 10. Running head is required for student paper; Professional paper only requires page header.
A) Both statements are false
B) The latter statement is true, while the former is false
C) Both statements are true
D) The first statement is true while the latter is false
  • 11. Facebook, Youtube and even Podcasts are accepted to use as a reference material.
A) true
B) Yes
  • 12. The first major step in the research process is:
A) Identifying a research problem
B) Writing a conclusion
C) Data analysis
D) Making recommendations
  • 13. A characteristic of scientific research is that it must be:
A) Systematic
B) Random
C) Biased
D) Opinion-based
  • 14. A research title must be:
A) Emotional
B) Ambiguous
C) Long and complicated
D) Clear and concise
  • 15. A concept that can be measured is called a:
A) Variable
B) Theory
C) Problem
D) Hypothesis
  • 16. The review of related literature is usually found in:
A) Chapter 3
B) Chapter 2
C) Chapter 1
D) Chapter 5
  • 17. Which of the following is a primary method of data collection?
A) Watching videos
B) Conducting surveys
C) Reading textbooks
D) Googling
  • 18. Which sampling method selects every nth element?
A) Systematic sampling
B) Systematic sampling
C) Cluster sampling
D) Random sampling
  • 19. The process of grouping similar data is called:
A) Editing
B) Classifying
C) Coding
D) Hypothesizing
  • 20. Which section includes the research questions?
A) Which section includes the research questions?
B) Abstract
C) Chapter 2
D) Results
  • 21. The best tool for analyzing numerical data is:
A) Statistical software
B) Maps
C) Interview
D) Letters
  • 22. The part where the method and tools used are explained:
A) Chapter 5
B) Chapter 3
C) Chapter 1
D) Chapter 4
  • 23. When data is arranged from smallest to largest, this is called:
A) Ranking
B) Coding
C) Aligning
D) Sorting
  • 24. A research instrument must be reliable, meaning it:
A) Produces consistent results
B) Cannot be tested
C) Changes often
D) Gives random answers
  • 25. Ethics in research aims to prevent:
A) Accurate data
B) Correct answers
C) Sampling
D) Harm to participants
  • 26. A theoretical framework is based on:
A) Guessing
B) Personal belief
C) Random ideas
D) Established theories
  • 27. Which of the following is NOT a data collection method?
A) Interview
B) Observation
C) Survey
D) Fiction writing
  • 28. A short summary of the entire study is the:
A) Appendix
B) Abstract
C) Bibliography
D) Introduction
  • 29. The group of people where data is collected is called:
A) Cluster
B) Hypothesis
C) Sample
D) Universe
  • 30. A study that seeks to explain the cause of crime is:
A) Descriptive
B) Exploratory
C) Historical
D) Causal
  • 31. A study that explores a new idea without much previous literature is:
A) Descriptive
B) Quasi-experimental
C) Experimental
D) Exploratory
  • 32. The part that presents the findings is:
A) Chapter 4
B) Chapter 1
C) Chapter 2
D) Appendix
  • 33. The difference between highest and lowest value is:
A) Mean
B) Range
C) Variance
D) Mode
  • 34. A table used to summarize data is called:
A) Frequency distribution
B) Theory chart
C) Graph
D) Appendix
  • 35. A detailed description of a person or event is a:
A) Case study
B) Survey
C) Hypothesis
D) Observation
  • 36. When the researcher manipulates variables, it is:
A) Experimental research
B) Descriptive research
C) Qualitative research
D) Narrative research
  • 37. An ethical researcher must always:
A) Fabricate data
B) Respect privacy
C) Hide results
D) Force respondents to answer
  • 38. A research tool such as interview guide or survey form is a:
A) Conclusion
B) Variable
C) Instrument
D) Framework
  • 39. A bibliography is a list of:
A) Tables
B) Participants
C) Books and sources used
D) Questions
  • 40. In a bar graph, the bars represent:
A) Values and categories
B) Literature
C) Recommendations
D) Theories
  • 41. A hypothesis supported by evidence is:
A) Ignored
B) Accepted
C) Weak
D) Useless
  • 42. A document where respondents write their answers is the:
A) Instrument panel
B) Questionnaire
C) Appendix
D) Framework
  • 43. Which represents numerical data?
A) Exploratory
B) Qualitative
C) Quantitative
D) Historical
  • 44. Chapter 3 is typically concerned with:
A) Results
B) Review of literature
C) Discussion
D) Methodology
  • 45. A group selected because they are easy to reach is called:
A) Convenience sample
B) Systematic sample
C) Stratified sample
D) Random sample
  • 46. A survey that uses open-ended questions is usually:
A) Correlational
B) Experimental
C) Quantitative
D) Qualitative
  • 47. The main goal of criminological research is to:
A) Discover facts about crime and criminal behavior
B) Guess about crimes
C) Punish offenders
D) Entertain readers
  • 48. Research is best defined as:
A) Reading books
B) Random investigation
C) Systematic inquiry to discover new knowledge
D) Copying old ideas
  • 49. A specific concern that a study seeks to address is called:
A) Variable
B) Hypothesis
C) Theory
D) Research problem
  • 50. A tentative answer or assumption to be tested is a:
A) Conclusion
B) Hypothesis
C) Recommendation
D) Research gap
  • 51. Qualitative research deals with:
A) Numbers
B) Descriptions and meanings
C) Percentages
D) Measurements
  • 52. Quantitative research focuses on:
A) Case studies
B) Personal opinions
C) Statistical and numerical data
D) Statistical and numerical data
  • 53. The variable that is manipulated by the researcher is:
A) Constant variable
B) Controlled variable
C) Dependent variable
D) Independent variable
  • 54. The variable that is being measured is:
A) Dependent variable
B) Constant variable
C) Control variable
D) Independent variable
  • 55. A blueprint or plan of the study is called:
A) Data analysis
B) Research design
C) Research instrument
D) Hypothesis
  • 56. The purpose of a literature review is to:
A) Conclude findings
B) Support and give background to the study
C) Collect data
D) Copy others’ work
  • 57. The main goal of criminological research is to:
A) Discover facts about crime and criminal behavior
B) Punish offenders
C) Guess about crimes
D) Entertain readers
  • 58. Research is best defined as:
A) Copying old ideas
B) Random investigation
C) Reading books
D) Systematic inquiry to discover new knowledge
  • 59. A specific concern that a study seeks to address is called:
A) Variable
B) Theory
C) Research problem
D) Hypothesis
  • 60. A tentative answer or assumption to be tested is a:
A) Hypothesis
B) Recommendation
C) Research gap
D) Conclusion
  • 61. Qualitative research deals with:
A) Percentages
B) Descriptions and meanings
C) Numbers
D) Measurements
  • 62. Quantitative research focuses on:
A) Case studies
B) Personal Opinions
C) Narratives
D) Statistical and numerical data
  • 63. The variable that is manipulated by the researcher is:
A) Independent variable
B) Constant variable
C) Controlled variable
D) Dependent variable
  • 64. The variable that is being measured is:
A) Dependent variable
B) Constant variable
C) Independent variable
D) Control variable
  • 65. A blueprint or plan of the study is called:
A) Research design
B) Research instrument
C) Data analysis
D) Hypothesis
  • 66. The purpose of a literature review is to:
A) Collect data
B) Conclude findings
C) Copy others work
D) Support and give background to the study
  • 67. Sampling refers to:
A) Random guessing
B) Selecting a portion of the population
C) Collecting all people in the world
D) Conducting interviews
  • 68. Probability sampling gives each member:
A) No chance
B) Only chosen groups
C) Less chance
D) Equal chance
  • 69. Which is a type of probability sampling?
A) Quota sampling
B) Purposive sampling
C) Simple random sampling
D) Convenience sampling
  • 70. Which is a non-probability sampling technique?
A) Cluster sampling
B) Stratified sampling
C) Convenience sampling
D) Systematic sampling
  • 71. Data gathering procedure means:
A) Interpreting results
B) Analyzing data
C) Writing the conclusion
D) Collecting information from respondents
  • 72. Objectivity in research means:
A) Following personal beliefs
B) Using emotions
C) Copying others’ work
D) Being fair and free from bias
  • 73. A questionnaire is used to:
A) Replace literature review
B) Interview only experts
C) Record video data
D) Gather responses systematically
  • 74. Pilot testing is done to:
A) Gather main data
B) Test reliability and clarity of instruments
C) Conduct final defense
D) Interpret results
  • 75. Statistics in research are used to:
A) Make stories
B) Analyze and summarize data
C) Predict the weather
D) Write conclusions
  • 76. Research ethics ensures:
A) Cost reduction
B) The study is secret
C) Honesty and protection of participants
D) Fast approval
  • 77. Data analysis means:
A) Collecting raw data
B) Reading literature
C) Examining and organizing data to draw conclusions
D) Making surveys
  • 78. Coding in research is:
A) Assigning numbers or symbols to responses
B) Writing a program
C) Copying answers
D) Creating categories
  • 79. Descriptive statistics are used to
A) Predict future events
B) Describe and summarize data
C) Collect responses
D) Test hypotheses
  • 80. Inferential statistics are used to:
A) Draw conclusions beyond the data
B) Describe findings
C) Measure variables directly
D) Arrange answers
  • 81. The average of a data set is called:
A) Mean
B) Median
C) Range
D) Mode
  • 82. The middle value of a data set is:
A) Median
B) Range
C) Mean
D) Mode
  • 83. The most frequent value is called:
A) Mean
B) Frequency
C) Mode
D) Median
  • 84. A research report is:
A) A list of questions
B) Written presentation of research results
C) A literature review
D) Raw data
  • 85. SPSS is used for:
A) Statistical data analysis
B) Drawing diagrams only
C) Data gathering
D) Editing photos
  • 86. Correlation measures:
A) Relationship between two variables
B) Number of samples
C) Group size
D) Population total
  • 87. Population refers to:
A) The sample
B) All individuals of interest in a study
C) Random group
D) People living in a place
  • 88. A smaller group taken from the population is called:
A) Hypothesis
B) Sample
C) Variable
D) Cluster
  • 89. Primary data are:
A) Old data from books
B) Data collected directly by the researcher
C) Data collected by another researcher
D) Estimated information
  • 90. Secondary data are:
A) Experimental data
B) From surveys
C) Collected directly
D) From existing materials or sources
  • 91. Validity means:
A) Repeated testing
B) Consistency of results
C) Accuracy of measurement
D) Random guessing
  • 92. What is criminological research?
A) Study of law only
B) Study of courts
C) Study of criminals and crimes
D) Study of police work
  • 93. Which type of research uses numerical data?
A) Qualitative
B) Descriptive
C) QuantitCorreative
D) Narrative
  • 94. A hypothesis is best described as a:
A) Sampling method
B) Final conclusion
C) Testable statement
D) Research title
  • 95. What is a research population?
A) Selected respondents
B) Only criminals
C) Sample group
D) Entire group being studied
  • 96. Which is an example of primary data?
A) Book
B) Interview
C) Journal article
D) Newspaper
  • 97. The dependent variable is the:
A) Cause of changes
B) Question
C) Control factor
D) Result or outcome
  • 98. What is the main purpose of a literature review?
A) To review related studies
B) To summarize the results
C) To design questionnaires
D) To interview respondents
  • 99. Plagiarism occurs when:
A) You copy without credit
B) You cite sources
C) You paraphrase properly
D) You research online
  • 100. Ethics in research means:
A) Fairness and honesty
B) Writing style
C) Speed of work
D) Cheating
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