CLJ5-CEVIDE
  • 1. Which term refers to any matter of fact that a party offers to prove or disprove a claim in court?
A) Fact
B) Proof
C) Testimony
D) Evidence
  • 2. What is the degree of proof required in criminal cases, ensuring moral certainty of guilt?
A) Substantial Evidence
B) Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt
C) Circumstantial Evidence
D) Preponderance of Evidence
  • 3. Which standard of proof is used in administrative cases and requires such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion?
A) Direct Evidence
B) Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt
C) Substantial Evidence
D) Preponderance of Evidence
  • 4. In civil cases, which degree of proof requires that the evidence on one side is more convincing than that of the other?
A) Equipoise of Evidence
B) Substantial Evidence
C) Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt
D) Preponderance of Evidence
  • 5. When the evidence of both parties is balanced, and the case must be resolved in favor of the defendant, it is called.
A) Preponderance of Evidence
B) Substantial Evidence
C) Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt
D) Equiponderance of Evidence
  • 6. Which term means that the evidence presented by both sides is equal in weight and credibility?
A) Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt
B) Equipoise of Evidence
C) Substantial Evidence
D) Preponderance of Evidence
  • 7. Which of the following is not a degree of proof recognized by the Rules of Court?
A) Substantial Evidence
B) Clear and Convincing Evidence
C) Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt
D) Equipoise of Evidence
  • 8. What is the lowest degree of proof used in administrative proceedings?
A) Equiponderance of Evidence
B) Preponderance of Evidence
C) Substantial Evidence
D) Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt
  • 9. When the evidence of guilt and innocence are equal, the accused must be acquitted because of.
A) Equipoise of Evidence Rule
B) Best Evidence Rule
C) Preponderance of Evidence
D) Substantial Evidence Doctrine
  • 10. Which term refers to the totality of evidence presented by a party to prove a fact in issue?
A) Object Evidence
B) Documentary Evidence
C) Testimony
D) Proof
  • 11. hen the scales of evidence are equally balanced, and the doubt favors the accused, this principle applies
A) Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt
B) Substantial Evidence
C) Preponderance of Evidence
D) sumption of Innocence
  • 12. Which of the following requires the highest level of certainty before a conviction can be made?
A) Circumstantial Evidence
B) Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt
C) Substantial Evidence
D) Preponderance of Evidence
  • 13. Which rule dictates that when evidence is equally balanced, the case should be decided against the party who has the burden of proof?
A) Res Gestae
B) Equiponderance Rule
C) Rule of Preponderance
D) Best Evidence Rule
  • 14. In the hierarchy of proof, which of the following requires the least amount of proof?
A) Clear and Convincing Evidence
B) Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt
C) Substantial Evidence
D) Preponderance of Evidence
  • 15. When evidence is described as credible, relevant, and sufficient to establish a fact, it is called.
A) Cumulative Evidence
B) Substantial Evidence
C) Testimonial Evidence
D) Admissible Evidence
  • 16. A police officer testifies that he personally recovered a gun from the suspect’s waist during arrest. The gun is later presented in court. Which correctly describes the evidentiary classification involved?
A) The narration and the gun are both documentary evidence.
B) The officer’s narration is testimonial; the gun itself is object evidence.
C) Both the narration and the gun are testimonial evidence.
D) The narration converts the gun into documentary evidence.
  • 17. A private document offered in evidence to prove its contents must first be
A) Presented through secondary evidence.
B) Admitted automatically since it is self-authenticating.
C) Authenticated by any person familiar with the signature appearing thereon.
D) Identified and compared by a handwriting expert alone.
  • 18. A surveillance video showing the accused receiving marked money is presented in court. The USB drive where the video is stored is considered
A) Testimonial evidence since it reflects human narration.
B) Circumstantial evidence because it implies guilt.
C) A surveillance video showing the accused receiving marked money is presented in court. The USB drive where the video is stored is considered.
D) Demonstrative evidence since it illustrates an act.
  • 19. Which statement correctly distinguishes object evidence from documentary evidence under the Rules on Evidence?
A) Both require authentication by handwriting experts.
B) Documentary evidence can be offered without a witness if material; object evidence cannot.
C) Object evidence must be identified by a witness who saw its connection to the crime; documentary evidence must be authenticated to prove its genuineness.
D) Object evidence proves contents; documentary evidence proves physical existence.
  • 20. A certified true copy of a public record issued by a government officer is presented. What form and status of evidence does it have?
A) Public document, admissible without further proof of its due execution.
B) Private document requiring authentication.
C) Object evidence needing physical identification.
D) Secondary evidence subject to best evidence rule.
  • 21. If a fingerprint lifted from the crime scene is offered to prove identity, the evidence is classified as
A) Testimonial evidence.
B) Object (real) evidence, subject to proper identification and chain of custody.
C) Documentary evidence because it is recorded
D) Circumstantial evidence only.
  • 22. The affidavit of a witness, if not testified to in open court, is
A) Testimonial evidence of high probative value.
B) Mere hearsay and inadmissible, unless the affiant is presented for cross-examination.
C) Real evidence under the rules.
D) Self-authenticating documentary evidence.
  • 23. When the defense introduces a diagram prepared by an expert witness to explain ballistic trajectories, the diagram is
A) Hearsay evidence, since it is not based on personal knowledge.
B) Circumstantial evidence, since it suggests but does not prove fact.
C) Documentary evidence, since it has written markings.
D) Object evidence, since it is a tangible exhibit used to clarify testimony.
  • 24. Under the Best Evidence Rule, when the original document has been lost or destroyed without bad faith, the secondary evidence admissible may consist of—
A) Oral testimony as to its contents.
B) Neither, since the document is already lost.
C) Both A and B.
D) A photocopy or carbon copy, properly authenticated.
  • 25. A forensic chemist testifies that the sachet he examined contained methamphetamine hydrochloride. The sachet itself is offered in court. To be admissible, it must be shown that—
A) It was in the continuous custody of the police, establishing its chain of custody.
B) The chemist’s testimony alone suffices for admissibility.
C) It was photographed before trial.
D) It was mentioned in the affidavit of arrest.
  • 26. A CCTV footage showing the accused entering the store before the robbery is presented in court. What kind of evidence is this?
A) Documentary evidence
B) Object evidence
C) Testimonial evidence
D) Circumstantial evidence
  • 27. A witness testifies that he saw the accused stab the victim.
A) Documentary evidence
B) Circumstantial evidence
C) Direct evidence
D) Hearsay evidence
  • 28. A certified true copy of a birth certificate is presented to prove age.
A) Secondary evidence
B) Object evidence
C) Documentary evidence
D) Primary evidence
  • 29. A witness submits a sworn affidavit instead of personally testifying.
A) Hearsay evidence
B) Object evidence
C) Testimonial evidence
D) Documentary evidence
  • 30. A photograph of the crime scene showing the victim’s location is shown in court.
A) Circumstantial evidence
B) Documentary evidence
C) Object evidence
D) Demonstrative evidence
  • 31. A signed written contract is offered to prove the existence of an agreement.
A) Documentary evidence
B) Object evidence
C) Circumstantial evidence
D) Testimonial evidence
  • 32. A forensic expert states that the bullet found at the scene matches the accused’s firearm.
A) Circumstantial evidence
B) Documentary evidence
C) Direct evidence
D) Object evidence
  • 33. A pistol used in the commission of the crime is presented before the court.
A) Object evidence
B) Testimonial evidence
C) Demonstrative evidence
D) Documentary evidence
  • 34. A witness testifies that someone else told him the accused confessed.
A) Testimonial evidence
B) Documentary evidence
C) Hearsay evidence
D) Direct evidence
  • 35. An investigator presents a sketch of the accident scene to illustrate his testimony.
A) Object evidence
B) Circumstantial evidence
C) Demonstrative evidence
D) Documentary evidence
  • 36. A DNA analysis result matching the suspect’s blood sample is introduced.
A) Documentary evidence
B) Direct evidence
C) Circumstantial evidence
D) Object evidence
  • 37. The original land title is produced in court to prove ownership.
A) Demonstrative evidence
B) Documentary evidence
C) Secondary evidence
D) Primary evidence
  • 38. A video of the accused reenacting how the crime was done is shown in court.
A) Direct evidence
B) Demonstrative evidence
C) Object evidence
D) Documentary evidence
  • 39. A witness testified that he saw the accused running from the scene after a gunshot.
A) Documentary evidence
B) Hearsay evidence
C) Direct evidence
D) Circumstantial evidence
  • 40. A handwritten letter by the accused admitting guilt is offered as evidence.
A) Testimonial evidence
B) Documentary evidence
C) Object evidence
D) Circumstantial evidence
  • 41. Evidence is said to be admissible when it:
A) Is presented by the prosecution only
B) Supports the testimony of the witness
C) Has a strong emotional impact on the jury
D) Is relevant and not excluded by the Rules of Court
  • 42. The general rule on admissibility requires that evidence must be:
A) Original and signed
B) Competent and relevant
C) Supported by an affidavit
D) Certified by a notary public
  • 43. Which of the following best explains the purpose of the rule on admissibility of evidence?
A) To favor the prosecution
B) To ensure that only reliable and lawful evidence is considered by the court
C) To ensure speedy trial
D) To limit the number of witnesses
  • 44. What kind of evidence is inadmissible even if relevant?
A) Evidence properly identified in open court
B) Evidence obtained in violation of constitutional rights
C) Testimony based on personal knowledge
D) Documentary evidence authenticated by a custodian
  • 45. Which rule provides that evidence must be both relevant and competent?
A) Rule 130, Section 4
B) Rule 128, Section 3
C) Rule 131, Section 1
D) Rule 129, Section 1
  • 46. A police officer illegally searches a house without a warrant and finds drugs. The prosecution offers them as evidence. Applying the rule on admissibility, the court should:
A) Exclude it only if the defense objects
B) Admit the evidence because it is material
C) Exclude it because it was obtained illegally
D) Admit it because it proves guilt
  • 47. A witness testifies about a conversation he overheard between two accused persons. The testimony is objected to as hearsay. Applying the rules, the court should:
A) Admit it because it came from the accused
B) Admit it because it was said in public
C) Exclude it only if the defense requests
D) Exclude it as it was not based on personal knowledge
  • 48. During trial, a photocopy of a contract is presented without explaining the loss of the original. Applying the rules, the photocopy is:
A) Admissible as best evidence
B) Admissible only if notarized
C) Inadmissible for failure to comply with the best evidence rule
D) Admissible since it is a copy
  • 49. A confession made by an accused without the assistance of counsel is offered as evidence. Applying the constitutional rule, such confession is:
A) Admissible if voluntarily made
B) Admissible if reduced to writing
C) Inadmissible for violation of the right to counsel
D) Admissible as an exception
  • 50. The prosecution offers a video recording obtained from a CCTV camera. The defense objects on the ground that it was tampered with. Applying the rules, the court should:
A) Exclude it automatically
B) Admit it if authentication proves it is genuine
C) Admit it if it favors the prosecution
D) Admit it without question
  • 51. Evidence is both relevant and material, but it was obtained through entrapment involving police coercion. Analyze its admissibility.
A) Admissible because it proves guilt
B) Inadmissible because the method violated due process
C) Admissible because entrapment is allowed
D) Inadmissible only if not signed by witnesses
  • 52. A dying declaration is admitted despite being hearsay. Analyze why this is allowed
A) The statement was recorded
B) It is supported by physical evidence
C) The witness was credible
D) The declarant’s statement is presumed truthful due to impending death
  • 53. The prosecution presents circumstantial evidence linking the accused to the crime. Analyze the condition for its admissibility.
A) It must form an unbroken chain leading to a fair conclusion of guilt
B) It must be direct and absolute
C) It must be supported by hearsay statements
D) It must be at least three circumstances only
  • 54. The defense offers a confession that was obtained before counsel arrived but later confirmed by the accused in open court. Analyze if it is admissible.
A) Admissible because it was affirmed voluntarily
B) Admissible only with corroboration
C) Inadmissible because the original confession was tainted
D) Inadmissible unless written
  • 55. Two pieces of evidence are both admissible but contradict each other. Analyze how the court should treat them.
A) Exclude both pieces of evidence
B) Automatically favor the prosecution
C) Give more weight to the more credible and consistent evidence
D) Automatically favor the defense
  • 56. When a party offers documentary evidence in court, what must accompany the offer?
A) The oral testimony of the party
B) A statement identifying and describing the document’s purpose
C) The document alone
D) The affidavit of the custodian
  • 57. When must evidence be formally offered during trial?
A) When the evidence is identified by the witness
B) At the beginning of the case
C) After all witnesses have testified
D) During closing arguments
  • 58. Oral testimony must be offered:
A) After closing arguments
B) Before documentary evidence
C) After cross-examination
D) At the time the witness is called to testify
  • 59. Failure to make a timely objection to inadmissible evidence results in:
A) Reversal of judgment
B) Exclusion of evidence
C) Suspension of proceedings
D) Waiver of objection
  • 60. The main reason for formally offering evidence is to:
A) Expedite the trial process
B) Assist in witness examination
C) Guarantee appeal rights
D) Allow the court to rule on admissibility
  • 61. Documentary evidence that is not formally offered in court is:
A) Considered but not given weight
B) Deemed admitted automatically
C) Valid if attached to pleadings
D) Disregarded by the court
  • 62. A general objection is insufficient when:
A) The witness is incompetent
B) The testimony is cumulative
C) The evidence is irrelevant
D) The ground for objection is not apparent
  • 63. To preserve the right to object, counsel must object:
A) During cross-examination
B) After the witness answers
C) In a written memorandum
D) Before the answer is given
  • 64. During trial, a witness begins to narrate a story containing hearsay information. Counsel must immediately:
A) Let the witness finish then object
B) Object before the witness continues
C) Move to strike out the testimony after it’s completed
D) File a written motion later
  • 65. The prosecutor offers a photograph into evidence without explaining its purpose. Defense counsel objects. The court should:
A) Admit it provisionally
B) Deny it for lack of proper offer
C) Admit it since it’s already marked
D) Allow explanation later
  • 66. Defense counsel forgot to object to an irrelevant question, and the answer was recorded. Later, he argues the answer should be excluded. What is the effect?
A) The objection is waived
B) The court may suspend proceedings
C) The judge must disregard it
D) The evidence becomes void
  • 67. A lawyer objects to a document on the ground of irrelevance. What should the proponent do to sustain admission?
A) Refile it with an affidavit
B) Show its connection to a material issue
C) Withdraw and substitute it
D) Argue that all evidence is relevant
  • 68. During cross-examination, opposing counsel offers a letter not yet identified by any witness. The proper objection is:
A) Improper cross-examination
B) Lack of authentication
C) Irrelevance
D) Violation of best evidence rule
  • 69. A document was marked and discussed during trial but never formally offered. The judge considers it in deciding the case. On appeal, what is the ruling?
A) The ruling is discretionary
B) The document is admissible
C) The court may still affirm the decision
D) The document should be excluded
  • 70. Counsel objects to an exhibit as hearsay but fails to specify the reason. The court admits it. Later, counsel raises the issue on appeal. What is the consequence?
A) The objection is deemed waived
B) The evidence is void
C) The appellate court must review the case
D) The evidence loses probative value
  • 71. Which of the following best describes documentary evidence?
A) Any object presented for the inspection of the court
B) Testimony given by a witness under oath
C) Any written instrument offered as proof of facts in issue
D) Oral statements made outside the courtroom
  • 72. Before a documentary evidence is admitted, it must first be:
A) Filed before the start of trial
B) Shown to the opposing counsel only
C) Certified by the judge
D) Identified and authenticated by a competent witness
  • 73. The purpose of authentication of documentary evidence is to:
A) Establish its genuineness and due execution
B) Ensure that it was properly notarized
C) Confirm its availability for inspection
D) Prove that it is the original document
  • 74. A private document becomes admissible in evidence once it is:
A) Certified by the clerk of court
B) Acknowledged by both parties
C) Filed in the records of the court
D) Authenticated by someone who saw it executed or recognized the signature
  • 75. A public document is presumed to be genuine because it:
A) Is executed or issued by a public officer in performance of official duties
B) Was written by a lawyer
C) Has been signed before a notary public
D) Bears the seal of the Republic of the Philippines
  • 76. When the original document is unavailable, the rules allow:
A) Admission by stipulation only
B) Presentation of secondary evidence upon proper explanation of loss
C) Substitution by oral testimony
D) Use of a photocopy without justification
  • 77. The “best evidence rule” means that:
A) The most persuasive evidence should be used
B) The original document must be produced when the contents are in issue
C) All documents must be notarized
D) Only public documents are acceptable
  • 78. When the authenticity of a document is not disputed by the parties, the rule allows it to be:
A) Excluded for lack of foundation
B) Dismissed as irrelevant
C) Admitted without further proof
D) Treated as secondary evidence
  • 79. A lawyer offers in evidence a photocopy of a contract, claiming the original was destroyed in a fire. What must the lawyer first do?
A) Request the court to assume the original was lost
B) Submit an affidavit of loss only
C) Prove the existence and loss of the original before introducing the copy
D) Present the photocopy immediately
  • 80. A notarial document executed by a public officer is offered in court. What is the correct procedure for presenting it?
A) It must be verified by both parties
B) It may be presented directly without further authentication
C) It must be accompanied by oral testimony
D) It requires comparison of handwriting
  • 81. During trial, a witness identifies a private letter signed by the accused. Which rule is applied to admit this letter as evidence?
A) Authentication of private document
B) Parol evidence rule
C) Best evidence rule
D) Hearsay rule
  • 82. If the opposing counsel admits the genuineness of a document during pre-trial, what is its effect?
A) The court disregards the admission
B) The document must still be notarized
C) The document becomes automatically admissible without authentication
D) The document still needs formal offer
  • 83. A party wants to prove the contents of an old public record kept in the government archive. Which is the proper evidence to present?
A) A handwritten copy by the lawyer
B) Oral testimony of a government employee
C) A copy certified by the legal custodian of the record
D) A news article quoting the document
  • 84. A duplicate original of a notarized contract is presented. The opposing party objects, claiming it is not the “best evidence.” What is the ruling?
A) The duplicate must first be notarized again
B) The objection is valid; only one original is allowed
C) The court must issue an order to produce the first copy
D) The duplicate original is admissible as it has equal legal force
  • 85. A party offers a private document in evidence without identifying the signatures. What should the judge do under the rules?
A) Allow it if the other party remains silent
B) Require only a photocopy
C) Admit the document because it is relevant
D) Reject it for lack of authentication
  • 86. What does sufficiency of evidence primarily refer to in legal proceedings?
A) The quantity of witnesses presented
B) The materiality of the documents submitted
C) The adequacy of evidence to sustain a verdict
D) The credibility of the witness alone
  • 87. Evidence is said to be sufficient when:
A) It convinces the court beyond reasonable doubt or meets the required standard of proof
B) It is circumstantial and weak
C) It creates mere suspicion of guilt
D) It is admissible but not credible
  • 88. Which of the following best explains “insufficient evidence”?
A) The evidence fails to meet the degree of proof required by law
B) The evidence is abundant but immaterial
C) The evidence cannot be admitted in court
D) The evidence is irrelevant but credible
  • 89. In a criminal case, the sufficiency of evidence is determined by whether it can:
A) Produce a presumption of guilt
B) Establish probable cause
C) Prove guilt beyond reasonable doubt
D) Support a civil action
  • 90. In a civil case, sufficiency of evidence is measured by:
A) Proof beyond reasonable doubt
B) Substantial evidence
C) Moral certainty
D) Preponderance of evidence
  • 91. The sufficiency of evidence is concerned mainly with:
A) The weight and convincing character of the proof presented
B) The source of the evidence
C) The admissibility of the evidence
D) The numerical count of the witnesses
  • 92. The admissibility of the evidence
A) When both parties submit identical evidence
B) When the evidence fails to establish a prima facie case
C) When evidence presented is too technical
D) When the case is appealed
  • 93. “Sufficient evidence” means:
A) The evidence that is always direct in nature
B) The minimum proof required to justify a finding in favor of a party
C) The evidence that may exist but does not relate to the issue
D) The evidence that may exist but does not relate to the issue
  • 94. The concept of sufficiency of evidence ensures that:
A) The number of witnesses determines the outcome
B) The number of witnesses determines the outcome
C) The judgment is based on the totality of relevant and credible proofs
D) The judge is free to decide without reference to the evidence
  • 95. The test of sufficiency of evidence is:
A) Whether all evidence is documentary in nature
B) Whether the judge believes the accused
C) Whether the evidence comes from the prosecution only
D) Whether a reasonable mind might accept it as adequate to support a conclusion
  • 96. The sufficiency of evidence relates to the:
A) Cost of the proceedings
B) Type of document presented
C) Number of witnesses produced
D) Quality rather than quantity of evidence
  • 97. In administrative cases, evidence is sufficient if it meets the standard of:
A) Preponderance of evidence
B) Clear and convincing evidence
C) Substantial evidence
D) Beyond reasonable doubt
  • 98. Which statement best distinguishes sufficiency from admissibility?
A) Admissibility concerns the weight of evidence
B) Sufficiency deals with the competence of evidence
C) Admissibility refers to whether evidence may be received; sufficiency concerns whether it can prove the fact
D) Both terms mean the same
  • 99. Which of the following scenarios demonstrates sufficient evidence?
A) Evidence that is conflicting and unreliable
B) Evidence that slightly suggests the fact in issue
C) Evidence that fully establishes a fact as required by law
D) Evidence that is immaterial but numerous
  • 100. The judge determines the sufficiency of evidence by evaluating:
A) The objections of the opposing counsel
B) The time consumed in trial
C) The totality and probative force of all admitted proofs
D) The demeanor of the lawyer
Created with That Quiz — the math test generation site with resources for other subject areas.