Michel de Montaigne - Quiz
Michel de Montaigne
  • 1. In what year did Montaigne die?
A) 1597
B) 1570
C) 1592
D) 1580
  • 2. What was Montaigne's age when he died?
A) 59
B) 72
C) 50
D) 65
  • 3. Where did Montaigne die?
A) Convent des Feuillants
B) Château de Montaigne
C) Saint Antoine
D) Bordeaux
  • 4. What disease caused Montaigne's death?
A) A peritonsillar abscess
B) A fever
C) Pneumonia
D) A stroke
  • 5. What specific physical effect did Montaigne's fatal illness have?
A) Blindness
B) Paralysis of the tongue
C) Loss of hearing
D) Deafness
  • 6. Which sense or faculty did Montaigne value more than his sight?
A) Taste and smell
B) Memory and reason
C) Touch and movement
D) Hearing and voice
  • 7. During the celebration of what event did Montaigne die?
A) A baptism
B) A wedding
C) A Mass
D) A funeral
  • 8. Where were Montaigne's remains moved after being buried near his château?
A) The Convent des Feuillants directly
B) The church of Saint Antoine at Bordeaux
C) Paris
D) The Château de Montaigne
  • 9. In what year were the Essais published?
A) 1580
B) 1570
C) 1592
D) 1597
  • 10. What type of work are the Essais?
A) A political biography
B) A large collection of short, subjective essays
C) A textbook on mathematics
D) A collection of poetry
  • 11. Which classical authors especially inspired Montaigne's Essais?
A) Plutarch and Lucretius
B) Seneca and Cicero
C) Homer and Virgil
D) Plato and Aristotle
  • 12. What was Montaigne's stated goal in writing the Essais?
A) To describe humans, and especially himself, with complete frankness
B) To create laws for the French government
C) To prove the absolute certainty of human knowledge
D) To teach children how to read the classics
  • 13. According to Montaigne, what is the most basic feature of human nature?
A) Its great variety and volatility
B) Its emotional stability
C) Its constant search for absolute truth
D) Its unchanging desire for fame
  • 14. Which of the following is a personal trait Montaigne explicitly describes about himself?
A) His poor memory
B) His deep emotional involvement in conflicts
C) His love for passionate romance
D) His excellent mathematical skills
  • 15. How did Montaigne view the human pursuit of enduring fame?
A) With disdain
B) As a requirement for happiness
C) With great admiration
D) As the ultimate goal in life
  • 16. What was Montaigne's attitude toward the religious conflicts of his time?
A) Indifference
B) Enthusiastic support
C) Disgust
D) Active participation
  • 17. What did Montaigne believe about human ability to attain true certainty?
A) Humans can attain it through intense study
B) It is found only in the classics
C) Humans are unable to attain true certainty
D) Tutors can easily teach it to children
  • 18. What is the title of the longest essay in Montaigne's collection?
A) On Experience
B) On the Education of Children
C) Apology for Raymond Sebond
D) On Pedantry
  • 19. Which philosophical school is marked by Montaigne's adoption in his longest essay?
A) Pyrrhonism
B) Platonism
C) Epicureanism
D) Stoicism
  • 20. What is the famous motto contained in Montaigne's Apology for Raymond Sebond?
A) To be or not to be
B) Know thyself
C) I think, therefore I am
D) What do I know?
  • 21. Why did Montaigne consider marriage necessary?
A) For attaining absolute certainty
B) For raising children
C) For achieving enduring fame
D) For gaining political power
  • 22. How did Montaigne feel about feelings of passionate love?
A) He considered them necessary for a successful life
B) He praised them as the highest form of human experience
C) He disliked them because he saw them as detrimental to freedom
D) He encouraged them in child education
  • 23. In education, what did Montaigne favor over abstract knowledge?
A) Uncritical obedience
B) Book learning and rote memorization
C) Concrete examples and experience
D) Accepting classical texts as absolute truth
  • 24. To whom is Montaigne's essay "On the Education of Children" dedicated?
A) Raymond Sebond
B) Plutarch
C) Diana of Foix
D) Lucretius
  • 25. Which author published essays a decade later that are assumed to reflect direct influence by Montaigne?
A) Seneca
B) Plato
C) William Shakespeare
D) Francis Bacon
  • 26. In what year were Francis Bacon's Essays first published?
A) 1597
B) 1570
C) 1592
D) 1580
  • 27. Although not a scientist, what kind of observations did Montaigne make?
A) Observations on human anatomy
B) Observations on topics in psychology
C) Observations on planetary motion
D) Observations on chemical reactions
  • 28. Which of the following psychological subjects was covered by Montaigne's ideas?
A) Agricultural techniques
B) Thought, motivation, fear, and happiness
C) Quantum mechanics and gravity
D) Economic markets and trade
  • 29. Which essays specifically explain Montaigne's views on child education?
A) "On Fame" and "On Certainty"
B) "On the Education of Children", "On Pedantry", and "On Experience"
C) "On Marriage" and "On Freedom"
D) "Apology for Raymond Sebond" and "Essays"
  • 30. What was a major fault Montaigne found with the education of his time?
A) It allowed students to speak first during tutoring
B) It encouraged children to question absolute truths
C) It emphasized travel and practical experience too much
D) It focused on reading classics and learning only through books
  • 31. How did education in Montaigne's time present information to students?
A) Through personal travel and practice
B) As a subject for debate and discussion
C) As flexible opinions to be doubted
D) As absolute truth without opportunity to question
  • 32. What did Montaigne believe effective learning required a student to do with new information?
A) Accept it on the mere authority of the tutor
B) Follow Aristotle's principles blindly
C) Memorize it word for word from a book
D) Take it and make it their own
  • 33. According to Montaigne, what kind of people are certain and assured?
A) Only the successful tutors
B) Only the active learners
C) Only the fools
D) Only the classical authors
  • 34. Whose quote does Montaigne include stating "For doubting pleases me no less than knowing"?
A) Seneca
B) Dante
C) Aristotle
D) Plato
  • 35. Whose quote does Montaigne include stating "We are not under a king; let each one claim his own freedom"?
A) Dante
B) Plato
C) Lucretius
D) Seneca
  • 36. What analogy does Montaigne use to describe how students should process ideas like bees?
A) Plundering flowers to make honey that is purely their own
B) Planting seeds to grow identical trees
C) Collecting stones to build an unmovable wall
D) Weaving a net to catch floating thoughts
  • 37. What was fundamentally important for a student becoming well educated, according to Montaigne?
A) Having a large library of books
B) The selection of a good tutor
C) Attending a formal convent school
D) Memorizing Aristotle's principles
  • 38. At what pace should education by a tutor be conducted?
A) At the student's pace
B) Quickly to ensure maximum memorization
C) As fast as possible through rote learning
D) According to a strict book schedule
  • 39. How should a tutor conduct a dialogue with a student, according to Montaigne?
A) Lecturing without interruption
B) Allowing the student to speak first
C) Demanding uncritical obedience
D) Reading exclusively from the classics
  • 40. What was the purpose of dialogue between a tutor and a student?
A) To establish the absolute truth of Aristotle
B) To test the student's ability to repeat book knowledge
C) To force students to memorize the tutor's opinions
D) To create an environment in which students would teach themselves
  • 41. What did Montaigne consider an act of judgment and sincerity in an argument?
A) To confess a flaw discovered in one's own argument
B) To defend a bad position at the height of ardor
C) To blindly follow the opinions of Plato
D) To accept information on mere authority
  • 42. Which qualities did Montaigne describe as rare, strong, and philosophical?
A) To memorize books without questioning
B) To change one's mind, correct oneself, and give up a bad position
C) To follow another person's precepts blindly
D) To maintain certainty and refuse to doubt
  • 43. What is integral to Montaigne's theory of child education regarding perspectives?
A) Universal acceptance of classical doctrines
B) Individualised learning where a student forms a unique perspective
C) Standardized testing of rote memorization
D) Strict adherence to the tutor's exact viewpoint
  • 44. What role should a child's curiosity play in education according to Montaigne?
A) It must be controlled by strict authority
B) It can serve as an important teaching tool when exploring subjects of genuine interest
C) It is a distraction from rote memorization
D) It should be suppressed in favor of book learning
  • 45. What did Montaigne argue was a key element of learning superior to book learning?
A) Passive obedience
B) Experience
C) Absolute certainty
D) Memorization
  • 46. What would students become if they learned only through rote memorization and books, according to Montaigne?
A) Successful individuals who lead interactive lives
B) Active learners capable of independent thought
C) Passive adults, uncritically obedient and unable to think independently
D) Philosophers with rare and strong qualities
  • 47. Through what practical means did Montaigne encourage tutors to educate their students?
A) Attending lectures at the Convent des Feuillants
B) Practice, travel, and human interaction
C) Studying the works of Raymond Sebond
D) Reading classics and memorizing precepts
  • 48. What was the ultimate purpose of education according to Montaigne?
A) To help a student achieve enduring fame and worldly success
B) To teach a student how to lead a successful life by practising an active and socially interactive lifestyle
C) To train a student in the traditions of Pyrrhonism
D) To ensure a student can recite Aristotle without error
  • 49. In what year did Montaigne marry Françoise de la Cassaigne?
A) 1565
B) 1558
C) 1570
D) 1580
  • 50. What type of marriage was Montaigne's union to Françoise likely to be?
A) A childhood romance
B) A courtly match
C) Arranged
D) A secret marriage
  • 51. How many daughters did Montaigne and his wife have in total?
A) Two
B) Six
C) Four
D) Eight
  • 52. What was the name of Montaigne's only daughter who survived infancy?
A) Léonor
B) Jeanne
C) Marie
D) Françoise
  • 53. Which birth order was Léonor among Montaigne's children?
A) Second-born
B) The youngest
C) Third-born
D) First-born
  • 54. What is the title of the book by Raymond Sebond that Montaigne translated?
A) Index Librorum Prohibitorum
B) Theologia naturalis
C) Essais
D) Prologue
  • 55. In what year was Montaigne's translation of Sebond's book published?
A) 1568
B) 1565
C) 1571
D) 1580
  • 56. When did Montaigne move back to the family estate, the Château de Montaigne?
A) 1565
B) 1571
C) 1580
D) 1570
  • 57. By what year had Montaigne completely retired from public life to his tower?
A) 1568
B) 1571
C) 1580
D) 1595
  • 58. Approximately how many volumes did Montaigne's library contain?
A) 1,500 volumes
B) 5,000 volumes
C) 10,000 volumes
D) 500 volumes
  • 59. Which literary genre is Montaigne known for popularising?
A) The tragedy
B) The essay
C) The novel
D) The epic poem
  • 60. What is the title of Montaigne's most famous work containing influential essays?
A) Que sais-je?
B) Marrano
C) Essais
D) Château de Montaigne
  • 61. What is Montaigne's most famous sceptical remark in Middle French?
A) "Liberty and delight"
B) "Que sais-je?"
C) "Que sçay-je?"
D) "I am myself the matter of my book"
  • 62. In which French region was Montaigne born?
A) Gascony
B) Guyenne (Aquitaine)
C) Zaragoza
D) Paris
  • 63. In what year did Ramon Felipe Eyquem buy the Montaigne estate?
A) 1533
B) 1592
C) 1477
D) 1539
  • 64. Where was Montaigne's maternal grandfather originally from?
A) Gascony
B) Italy
C) Bordeaux
D) Zaragoza
  • 65. What was the name of Montaigne's maternal grandmother?
A) Horstanus
B) Antoinette López de Villanueva
C) George Buchanan
D) Honorette Dupuy
  • 66. How many times is Montaigne's mother mentioned in his essays?
A) Once
B) Numerous times
C) Twice
D) Zero times
  • 67. What was designated to become Montaigne's first language?
A) French
B) German
C) Latin
D) Greek
  • 68. What was the profession of Montaigne's intellectual tutor, Horstanus?
A) Doctor
B) Mayor
C) Merchant
D) Soldier
  • 69. Around what year was Montaigne sent to study at the College of Guienne?
A) 1546
B) 1539
C) 1557
D) 1477
  • 70. Who was the director of the College of Guienne when Montaigne studied there?
A) Pedro López
B) George Buchanan
C) Horstanus
D) Pierre Eyquem
  • 71. By what age did Montaigne master the entire curriculum at the College of Guienne?
A) Sixteen
B) Thirteen
C) Ten
D) Twenty
  • 72. In what year did Montaigne finish the first phase of his studies at the College of Guienne?
A) 1546
B) 1592
C) 1539
D) 1557
  • 73. What did Montaigne study after finishing his studies at the College of Guienne?
A) Music
B) Law
C) Theology
D) Medicine
  • 74. Which court was Montaigne a councillor of in Périgueux?
A) Court des Aides
B) Parlement of Bordeaux
C) Court of Charles IX
D) Order of Saint Michael
  • 75. How much older than Montaigne was Étienne de La Boétie?
A) Four years
B) Three years
C) Five years
D) Two years
  • 76. In which edition did the famous phrase 'because it was he, because it was I' officially appear posthumously?
A) 1571 postface edition
B) 1595 'Bordeaux Copy'
C) 1588 personal edition
D) First edition of the Essays
  • 77. How often did Montaigne believe a friendship like his and La Boétie's occurs?
A) Once every three centuries
B) Once in a lifetime
C) Once every generation
D) Once every decade
  • 78. When did Étienne de La Boétie die?
A) 1595
B) 1557
C) 1563
D) 1588
  • 79. What was the likely cause of La Boétie's death?
A) Old age
B) Battle wounds from the siege of Rouen
C) Poisoning during political unrest
D) Plague or tuberculosis
  • 80. Who suggested that Montaigne's need to communicate after losing La Boétie led him to begin the Essais?
A) Étienne de La Boétie
B) Charles IX
C) Donald M. Frame
D) The Court des Aides
  • 81. In the context of the Essays, who takes the place of the dead friend according to Donald M. Frame?
A) King Charles IX
B) The reader
C) Montaigne's father
D) The King of Navarre
  • 82. What religious denomination did Montaigne belong to?
A) Calvinist
B) Roman Catholic
C) Protestant
D) Lutheran
  • 83. In what year did Montaigne begin to suffer from painful kidney stones?
A) 1581
B) 1588
C) 1578
D) 1580
  • 84. Which Italian commune did Montaigne establish himself at to visit the springs?
A) Bordeaux
B) Bagni di Lucca
C) Loreto
D) Vatican
  • 85. In what year was Montaigne's travel journal published?
A) 1689
B) 1588
C) 1774
D) 1581
  • 86. Who examined the Essais at the Vatican?
A) Sisto Fabri
B) Marie de Gournay
C) King Henry III
D) Pope Gregory XIII
  • 87. On what date was the text of the Essais returned to Montaigne at the Vatican?
A) 20 March 1578
B) 20 March 1581
C) 15 July 1583
D) 10 October 1588
  • 88. Which pagan concept did Montaigne apologize for referencing in the Essais?
A) The Reformation
B) The Madonna
C) The Holy House
D) Fortuna
  • 89. Which historical figure did Montaigne write favorably about, causing concern at the Vatican?
A) Henry of Navarre
B) Pope Gregory XIII
C) King Henry III
D) Julian the Apostate
  • 90. While in what city in 1581 did Montaigne learn he had been elected mayor?
A) Bordeaux
B) Lucca
C) Loreto
D) Paris
  • 91. In what year was Montaigne re-elected as mayor of Bordeaux?
A) 1581
B) 1585
C) 1588
D) 1583
  • 92. Until what year did Montaigne serve during his second term as mayor of Bordeaux?
A) 1589
B) 1583
C) 1585
D) 1586
  • 93. In what year did Montaigne write the third book of the Essais?
A) 1581
B) 1585
C) 1588
D) 1774
  • 94. In what year was King Henry III assassinated?
A) 1585
B) 1588
C) 1581
D) 1589
  • 95. What establishment movement was Montaigne associated with that prioritized peace and national unity?
A) The Vatican
B) The politiques
C) The Reformation
D) The Holy League
  • 96. Which thinker worked about fifty years before Montaigne and is noted as exploring similar ideas?
A) William Shakespeare
B) Ralph Waldo Emerson
C) Erasmus
D) Blaise Pascal
  • 97. Who first proposed the idea that Montaigne influenced William Shakespeare in 1780?
A) John Florio
B) Edward Capell
C) Ralph Waldo Emerson
D) William Hazlitt
  • 98. Who translated Montaigne's Essais into English, published in 1603?
A) Erich Auerbach
B) Edward Capell
C) John Florio
D) William Shakespeare
  • 99. Which Shakespearean play has a scene that follows the wording of Florio's translation of 'Of Cannibals' very closely?
A) King Lear
B) Hamlet
C) Macbeth
D) The Tempest
  • 100. Similarities between Montaigne and Shakespeare might be due to shared study of Latin moral and philosophical writers, such as Seneca the Younger, Horace, Ovid, and whom else?
A) Virgil
B) Erasmus
C) Aristotle
D) Plutarch
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