Review Exam

1. Conduction is the direct transfer of heat energy from one substance to another. As the air above the Earth’s surface comes into contact with the warm ground, the air is __?___.

A) cooled
B) warmed
C) dried
D) moistened

2. The upward movement of warm air and the downward movement of cool air is

A) displacement
B) radiation
C) convection
D) conduction

3. Name the layer of the atmosphere that is closest to Earth’s surface

A) mesosphere
B) troposphere
C) stratosphere
D) thermosphere

4. The stratosphere helps protect the Earth from too much ultraviolet radiation because this layer of the atmosphere contains

A) water vapor
B) ions
C) carbon dioxide
D) ozone

5. The layers of the atmosphere are classified according to changes in

A) pressure and temperature
B) density and temperature
C) temperature and altitude
D) pressure and altitude

6. As density of air decreases, its pressure

A) stays the same
B) doubles
C) increases
D) decreases

7. Direct heat transfer from the sun is what kind of heat transfer?

A) sublimation
B) conduction
C) radiation
D) convection

8. The main source of energy on this planet comes from

A) coal
B) fossil fuels
C) sun
D) wind

9. Convection is the transfer of heat energy in a fluid (liquid or gas). When the air near the Earth’s surface is heated, it becomes less dense. This causes the air to _

A) not move
B) freeze
C) sink
D) rise

10. Solar cells are used to turn sunlight into----

A) force
B) magnetism
C) inertia
D) electrical energy

11. Fossil fuels such as gas, oil, and coal have what kind of energy

A) chemical energy
B) Thermal energy
C) nuclear energy
D) mechanical energy

12. which of the following is an example of kinetic energy?

A) A new flashlight battery
B) A pendulum at the top of its swing.
C) A rock sitting on the top of a large hill
D) A baseball moving from the pitcher to the catcher

13. Which system shows a transformation from chemical to electrical and light energy?

A) An avalanche rolls down a steep mountain.
B) A candle burns and lights up a room.
C) A display of fireworks in the night sky.
D) A car battery causes headlights to shine

14. What is the term for Earth spinning on its axis?

A) rotation
B) inertia
C) revolution
D) gravity

15. What is the approximate percentage of the Earth that is illuminated by the Sun at any given time?

A) 50%
B) 90%
C) 60%
D) 20%

16. A new Moon occurs when...

A) The Moon’s shadow covers Earth
B) A partial shadow of the Earth covers the Moon
C) The side of the Moon facing Earth is not reflecting any light.
D) The side of the Moon facing Earth is completely reflecting light

17. Tides are caused by which two forces?

A) Gravity from Moon and gravity from Earth
B) Gravity from Sun and gravity from Earth
C) Gravity from Sun and gravity from Mars
D) Gravity from Sun and gravity from Moon

18. What causes the difference between spring and neap tides?

A) Spring tides occur when Sun, Earth, and Moon are the same size, while neap tides occur when Sun, Earth, and Moon are different sizes.
B) Spring tides occur when Sun and Moon pull on the Earth, while neap tides occur when Sun and Earth pull on the Moon.
C) Neap tides occur when Sun, Earth, and Moon line up, while spring tides occur when Sun, Earth, and Moon create 90 degree angles
D) Spring tides occur when Sun, Earth, and Moon line up, while neap tides occur when Sun, Earth, and Moon create 90 degree angles

19. One complete revolution of Earth around the sun takes about

A) one year
B) one eclipse.
C) one rotation.
D) one season

20. Which term refers to the dominant force that keeps the planets orbiting the sun.

A) normal
B) tides
C) kinetic energy
D) gravity

21. The tendency of a moving object to continue moving in a straight line or a stationary object to remain in place is called …

A) mass
B) inertia.
C) orbital speed
D) gravity.

22. During which Moon phase can a lunar eclipse occur?

A) Gibbon Moon
B) Full Moon
C) New Moon
D) Crescent Moon

23. Which of the following terms means that metals can be rolled into thin sheets, as in aluminum foil, or beaten into complex shapes?

A) malleable
B) brittle
C) ductile
D) reactive

24. The atomic number of an element is based on the

A) number of neutrons around its core.
B) number of protons in its nucleus.
C) mass of its nucleus.
D) number of neutrons in its nucleus.

25. From an element’s location in the periodic table, you can predict

A) when it was discovered
B) its properties.
C) its chemical symbol
D) its chemical name.

26. Protons are located in the nucleus of the atom. A proton has

A) . A positive and a negative charge
B) . No charge
C) A positive charge
D) A negative charge

27. The periodic table shows that a carbon atom has six protons. This means that a carbon atom also has

A) six neutrons
B) six electrons
C) more protons than electrons
D) an atomic mass equal to 6

28. In an atom diagram, if the electrons filled each of the three energy levels the electrons would be sorted like this:

A) 2 in the first, 4 in the second, and 6 in the third
B) 1 in the first, 2 in the second, and 4 in the third
C) 2 in the first, 8 in the second, and 8 in the third
D) 4 in the first, 6 in the second, and 8 in the third

29. Another word for _________ is family.

A) Row
B) Period
C) Group
D) Valence

30. Which is a characteristic property of acids?

A) They do not react with metals.
B) They turn red litmus paper blue
C) They taste bitter.
D) They turn blue litmus paper red

31. Neutralization is a reaction between a(n)

A) salt and water.
B) acid and a base
C) base and a salt.
D) acid and a metal

32. In terms of pH, explain what would happen if you mixed vinegar with a solution of ammonia?

A) the pH level of the solution would be less than 3
B) the pH level of the solution would be more than 12
C) The pH level of the solution would be between 3 and 11
D) the substances would not mix, and you could still take two different pH readings

33. In chemical reactions, what does the principle of conservation of mass mean?

A) The total mass of the reactants is less than the total mass of the products.
B) Matter is not changed.
C) Matter is not created or destroyed
D) The total mass of the reactants is greater than the total mass of the products.

34. What type of reaction does the flame represent?

A) Endothermic- chemical change
B) Exothermic- physical change
C) Endothermic- physical change
D) Exothermic- chemical change

35. In a chemical reaction, the total mass of the reactants is

A) greater than the total mass of the products
B) unrelated to the total mass of the products
C) exactly equal to the total mass of the products
D) less than the total mass of the products.

36. An acid is a substance that

A) has pH lower than 7 and tastes sour
B) has a pH above 7 and tastes bitter
C) has a pH above 7 and tastes sour
D) turns red litmus paper blue

37. Monica made a snack for her friends by putting pretzels, peanuts, and raisins together in a bowl. Which statement describes Monica’s snack?

A) It is a solution because the ingredients cannot be separated.
B) It is a new chemical compound because a physical change took place.
C) It is a new element because a chemical change took place.
D) It is a mixture because each ingredient kept its original properties.

38. A teaspoon of dry coffee crystals dissolves when mixed in a cup of hot water. This process produces a coffee solution. The original crystals are classified as

A) Solvent
B) Product
C) A solute
D) Reactant

39. A patient has chronic indigestion due to an overproduction of stomach acid. Which foods should the patient avoid until the condition is resolved?

A) Apples
B) Ham
C) Cheddar cheese
D) Green Beans

40. The process by which water vapor in the atmosphere changes into clouds is called:

A) precipitation
B) transpiration
C) evaporation
D) condensation

41. Any form of water that falls from clouds is called:

A) dew.
B) condensation.
C) precipitation.
D) evaporation.

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