Exercise physiology - Test
  • 1. Exercise physiology is the study of how exercise impacts the various systems of the body, including cardiovascular, respiratory, musculoskeletal, and metabolic systems. It explores how the body responds and adapts to physical activity, examining factors such as oxygen consumption, energy expenditure, heart rate, and muscle function. Through research and observation, exercise physiologists seek to understand the mechanisms behind the body's physiological responses to exercise, leading to insights that can improve athletic performance, enhance physical fitness, and optimize training programs for individuals of all ages and fitness levels.

    Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down glycogen into glucose?
A) Sucrase
B) Amylase
C) Lipase
D) Glycogen phosphorylase
  • 2. What is the term for the amount of blood pumped by the heart in one minute?
A) Stroke volume
B) Blood pressure
C) Cardiac output
D) Heart rate
  • 3. What is the term for the increase in muscle size due to resistance training?
A) Myofibrillogenesis
B) Atrophy
C) Sarcopenia
D) Hypertrophy
  • 4. Which of the following is an example of an aerobic exercise?
A) Sprinting
B) Weightlifting
C) Running
D) Powerlifting
  • 5. During exercise, what helps lactic acid be broken down more quickly?
A) Increased sugar intake
B) Increased fat intake
C) Increased oxygen intake
D) Increased protein intake
  • 6. What is the term for the number of times the heart beats per minute?
A) Heart rate
B) Stroke volume rate
C) Blood pressure rate
D) Cardiac output rate
  • 7. What is the term for the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment during exercise?
A) Equilibrium
B) Isotonicity
C) Homeostasis
D) Stasis
  • 8. What is the term for the minimum amount of energy needed to maintain basic bodily functions?
A) Basal metabolic rate (BMR)
B) Physical activity thermogenesis (PAT)
C) Exercise metabolic rate (EMR)
D) Resting metabolic rate (RMR)
  • 9. What is the term for the maximum amount of oxygen the body can use during exercise?
A) ATP max
B) VO2 max
C) RER
D) HR max
  • 10. What is exercise physiology?
A) The study of pharmacological interventions in sports.
B) The study of nutrition and dietetics.
C) The study of acute responses and chronic adaptations to exercise.
D) The study of psychological effects of physical activity.
  • 11. Who are the highest qualified exercise professionals?
A) Personal trainers.
B) Physical therapists.
C) Nutritionists.
D) Exercise physiologists.
  • 12. What do exercise physiologists utilize to manage injuries and conditions?
A) Dietary supplements.
B) Medication and surgery.
C) Psychological counseling.
D) Education, lifestyle intervention, and specific forms of exercise.
  • 13. What systems are studied to understand the effect of exercise?
A) Muscular, cardiovascular, and neurohormonal systems.
B) Digestive and respiratory systems.
C) Endocrine and lymphatic systems.
D) Integumentary and skeletal systems.
  • 14. What is the effect of training on the body defined as?
A) An increase in fat storage.
B) A reduction in muscle mass.
C) A decrease in cardiovascular efficiency.
D) An elevation of metabolism produced by exercise.
  • 15. Who introduced the concepts of maximal oxygen uptake and oxygen debt?
A) Otto Meyerhof.
B) Archibald Hill.
C) Henry Taylor.
D) Per-Olof Åstrand.
  • 16. Which Nobel Prize did Archibald Hill share in 1922?
A) The Nobel Peace Prize.
B) The Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
C) The Nobel Prize in Physics.
D) The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
  • 17. What was the total energy expenditure of an individual cycling for 50 consecutive days?
A) 500 MJ (119,000 kcal).
B) 2,290 MJ (546,700 kcal).
C) 1,145 MJ (273,850 kcal).
D) 750 MJ (179,100 kcal).
  • 18. How much glucose does skeletal muscle burn per minute during continuous activity?
A) 200 mg.
B) 50 mg.
C) 120 mg.
D) 90 mg.
  • 19. What is the efficiency of muscle energy conversion during exercise?
A) 22–26% efficient.
B) 50–55% efficient.
C) 40–45% efficient.
D) 10–15% efficient.
  • 20. What is the basal metabolic rate of resting skeletal muscle?
A) 1.5 W/kg.
B) 0.63 W/kg.
C) 3.0 W/kg.
D) 0.25 W/kg.
  • 21. How much mechanical energy can an adult human male generate when jumping from a squat?
A) 150 W/kg.
B) 200 W/kg.
C) 500 W/kg.
D) 314 W/kg.
  • 22. What is the typical range for basal resting metabolic rate in adults?
A) 45 W to 85 W.
B) 10 W to 30 W.
C) 20 W to 50 W.
D) 100 W to 150 W.
  • 23. What is the most rapid source of energy for high-intensity activity?
A) Adenylate kinase
B) Aerobic respiration
C) Fast glycolysis
D) The phosphocreatine (PCr) system
  • 24. What enzyme is involved in the PCr system to produce ATP?
A) Hexokinase
B) Glycogen phosphorylase
C) Creatine kinase
D) Citrate synthase
  • 25. Which energy source is depleted the quickest during high-intensity exercise?
A) Fast glycolysis
B) Adenylate kinase
C) Aerobic respiration
D) The phosphocreatine system
  • 26. What is glucose oxidized to under anaerobic conditions during fast glycolysis?
A) Lactic acid
B) Pyruvate
C) Carbon dioxide and water
D) Acetyl-CoA
  • 27. What is oxidized to NAD during anaerobic glycolysis?
A) ATP
B) Glucose-6-phosphate
C) FADH2
D) NADH
  • 28. Why can fast glycolysis not be sustained for long periods?
A) Because it promotes acidosis
B) Because of ATP depletion
C) Due to glycogen resynthesis
D) Due to oxygen availability
  • 29. How much cardiac output does the human brain receive at rest?
A) 15%
B) 25%
C) 20%
D) 10%
  • 30. Which of the following subjects is NOT part of the exercise physiology curriculum?
A) Applied Sciences
B) Chemistry
C) Biology
D) Psychology
  • 31. What event did Dorando Pietri participate in during the 1908 Summer Olympics?
A) 100-meter dash
B) Men's marathon
C) Long jump
D) High jump
  • 32. During which Olympics did Gabriela Andersen-Schiess show signs of heat exhaustion?
A) Beijing 2008 Summer Olympics
B) Athens 2004 Summer Olympics
C) Los Angeles 1984 Summer Olympics
D) Sydney 2000 Summer Olympics
  • 33. What is the effect of replacing fluid lost during exercise on systemic vascular resistance?
A) Increases systemic vascular resistance
B) No impact on systemic vascular resistance
C) Eliminates systemic vascular resistance
D) Reduces systemic vascular resistance
  • 34. Which systemic physiological response is NOT typically studied in exercise physiology?
A) Digestive enzyme production
B) Respiration
C) Blood flow
D) Endocrine secretions
  • 35. What was the initial belief about Jim Peters' collapse in the 1954 marathon?
A) Severe dehydration
B) Hypoglycaemia only
C) Hyperthermia alone
D) Muscle cramps
  • 36. What can reduce the release of interleukin-6 during exercise?
A) Increased protein intake
B) Taking glucose
C) Consuming fats
D) Hydration with water
  • 37. Which neurological condition is treated by Exercise Physiologists?
A) Parkinson's
B) Asthma
C) Diabetes
D) Hypertension
  • 38. Who proposed the existence of a central governor?
A) Archibald Hill
B) Tim Noakes
C) Jim Peters
D) Gabriela Andersen-Schiess
  • 39. What is the precursor of ATP involved in ammonia production by exercised skeletal muscles?
A) GTP
B) ADP
C) AMP
D) ATP
  • 40. What can moderate intensity continuous training potentially increase?
A) Someone's pain threshold
B) Immediate muscle soreness
C) Muscle mass significantly
D) Risk of injury during exercise
  • 41. Which condition can limit the oxygenation of blood due to a mismatch between ventilation and perfusion?
A) Increased hematocrit
B) Ventilation/perfusion mismatch
C) High cardiac output
D) Enhanced capillary density
  • 42. What is the primary method of removing metabolic waste heat during intense prolonged exercise?
A) Decreased muscle activity
B) Increased respiration rate
C) Vasoconstriction
D) Sweat-based thermoregulation
  • 43. What percentage of brain energy needs can be provided by lactate during intense exercise?
A) More than half
B) None at all
C) Less than 10%
D) About a third
  • 44. By how much do plasma catecholamine concentrations increase during whole body exercise?
A) 10-fold
B) 15-fold
C) 20-fold
D) 5-fold
  • 45. Which organ is capable of catabolizing stored glycogen during exercise?
A) Pancreas
B) Skeletal muscle
C) Liver
D) Adipose tissue
  • 46. During moderate intensity exercise, what happens to the rates of glucose appearance and disposal in a healthy individual?
A) Both rates decrease
B) Disposal exceeds appearance significantly
C) Glucose appearance exceeds disposal
D) They are essentially equal
  • 47. What is the effect of exercise-induced dehydration on perceived exertion?
A) Eliminates perceived exertion
B) Decreases perceived exertion
C) Increases perceived exertion
D) No change in perceived exertion
  • 48. What was Gabriela Andersen-Schiess's condition when she stopped occasionally during her marathon?
A) Dehydration only
B) Heat exhaustion
C) Hypoglycaemia
D) Muscle cramps
  • 49. How much of a lead did Jim Peters have before collapsing in the 1954 Commonwealth Games marathon?
A) Ten-kilometre lead
B) One-kilometre lead
C) Five-kilometre (three-mile) lead
D) No lead
  • 50. Which interleukin increases in blood circulation due to its release from working skeletal muscles during exercise?
A) Interleukin-8
B) Interleukin-6 (IL-6)
C) Interleukin-10
D) Interleukin-1
  • 51. What is the universal energy source in all cells?
A) Glycogen
B) Glucose
C) Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
D) Fatty acids
  • 52. Which physiological process is studied in relation to exercise?
A) Fuel utilization
B) Cellular respiration in plants
C) Fermentation
D) Photosynthesis
  • 53. What is the effect of dehydration on stroke volume during exercise?
A) Reduces stroke volume
B) Eliminates stroke volume reduction
C) Increases stroke volume
D) No change in stroke volume
  • 54. Which athlete collapsed several times after running the wrong way in the 1908 Summer Olympic men's marathon?
A) Jim Peters
B) Usain Bolt
C) Dorando Pietri
D) Gabriela Andersen-Schiess
  • 55. What is a required component to complete a degree in Exercise Physiology besides coursework?
A) Volunteer work unrelated to exercise
B) Practicum experience
C) Only theoretical exams
D) Independent research projects
  • 56. What was Gabriela Andersen-Schiess's condition upon crossing the finish line?
A) Fell across the finish line
B) Ran without stopping
C) Was disqualified
D) Finished with a record time
  • 57. What was Dorando Pietri's mistake during the 1908 Summer Olympic men's marathon?
A) Dropped out voluntarily
B) Stopped before finishing
C) Started late
D) Ran the wrong way
  • 58. What is a key difference between human and other animal thermoregulation during exercise?
A) Humans have less skin blood flow than animals.
B) Humans store heat, while animals dissipate it.
C) Humans use sweat evaporation, while most animals increase body temperature temporarily.
D) Animals rely on sweating more than humans.
  • 59. What is the effect of hypohydration on aerobic endurance?
A) Reduces aerobic endurance
B) No impact on aerobic endurance
C) Enhances aerobic endurance
D) Increases muscle strength
  • 60. Which process cannot sustain exercise on its own?
A) GLUT4 translocation
B) Glycogenolysis
C) Gluconeogenesis
D) Insulin secretion
  • 61. What is the effect of replacing 50 to 80% of fluid lost in sweat during exercise?
A) Increases dehydration
B) Decreases heart rate significantly
C) Reduces oxygen uptake
D) Largely eliminates negative physiological effects
  • 62. What is the effect of dehydration on skin blood flow during exercise?
A) Increases skin blood flow
B) No change in skin blood flow
C) Reduces skin blood flow
D) Eliminates changes in skin blood flow
  • 63. At what point in the race did Gabriela Andersen-Schiess show signs of heat exhaustion?
A) Halfway mark
B) Start of the race
C) First kilometer
D) Final 400 meters
  • 64. What is the effect of dehydration on reliance on carbohydrate as a fuel source?
A) No impact on carbohydrate reliance
B) Eliminates carbohydrate use
C) Decreases reliance on carbohydrate
D) Possibly increases reliance on carbohydrate
  • 65. How long does it typically take for cardiac biomarkers to return to normal after strenuous exercise?
A) Within 24 hours.
B) A few days.
C) Several weeks.
D) Immediately.
  • 66. What is recommended but not required for a degree in Exercise Physiology?
A) Internships
B) Full class schedule
C) Practicum experience
D) Laboratory research
  • 67. What is a key feature of human thermoregulation during exercise?
A) Increased body temperature.
B) Reduced skin blood flow.
C) Specialized sweat evaporation mechanism.
D) Thick body fur for insulation.
  • 68. Which area is NOT typically studied by exercise physiologists?
A) Skeletal muscle physiology
B) Cardiopulmonary function
C) Neuroendocrine function
D) Biomechanics
  • 69. How much heat energy can one gram of sweat remove?
A) 1000 J
B) 3500 J
C) 1500 J
D) 2598 J
  • 70. What is the effect of sauna exposure on plasma volume?
A) Has no impact on plasma volume
B) Slightly increases plasma volume
C) Substantially reduces plasma volume
D) Increases plasma volume
  • 71. What percentage of the body's energy consumption is used by the brain at rest?
A) 20%
B) 25%
C) 15%
D) 30%
  • 72. Which country offers the professional certification title 'Certified Exercise Physiologist'?
A) United Kingdom
B) Australia
C) Canada
D) United States
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