- 1. Who developed the Closed-Loop Theory?
A) Gentile
B) Schmidt
C) Fitts
D) Adams
- 2. What is the primary focus of Closed-Loop Theory?
A) Speed and agility training
B) Motor learning through feedback
C) Stages of physical growth
D) Genetic predisposition to skills
- 3. Which type of movements is the theory primarily based on?
A) Reflexive movements
B) Fast and ballistic movements
C) Explosive power movements
D) Slow, controlled movements
- 4. In the Closed-Loop process, what does the body compare against the desired movement?
A) Future goals
B) Muscle strength
C) Current movement
D) Previous movements
- 5. What term refers to the memory reference of the correct movement stored in the brain?
A) Motor program
B) Perceptual trace
C) Schema
D) Feedback loop
- 6. How is the perceptual trace primarily built?
A) Through reading instructions
B) Through observation only
C) Through repeated practice and experiences
D) Through genetic inheritance
- 7. What does KR stand for in motor learning?
A) Kinesthetic Response
B) Knowledge of Reaction
C) Knowledge of Results
D) Kinetic Reflex
- 8. According to the theory, how do learners act during the learning process?
A) Unaware of their performance
B) Solely dependent on the instructor
C) Passive recipients of information
D) Active participants who analyze and strategize
- 9. In the early stages of learning, what do learners rely heavily on?
A) Internal senses only
B) Instinct
C) External feedback / KR
D) Muscle memory
- 10. As practice increases and learning improves, what happens to the distribution of performance?
A) It becomes more focused and peaks at the correct movement
B) It becomes random
C) It remains exactly the same
D) It becomes more scattered
- 11. Closed-Loop Theory was developed in the year 1971.
A) FALSE
B) TRUE
- 12. The theory suggests that principles of learning apply differently depending on the type of movement.
A) TRUE
B) FALSE
- 13. Errors are only detected after the movement is fully completed, not during the action.
A) TRUE
B) FALSE
- 14. Feedback plays a critical role as it leaves a "trace" in the nervous system.
A) FALSE
B) TRUE
- 15. Knowledge of Results (KR) tells the learner exactly which muscles to contract.
A) FALSE
B) TRUE
- 16. Learners form strategies or hypotheses as they analyze their performance feedback.
A) FALSE
B) TRUE
- 17. According to the theory, learning happens directly just by receiving Knowledge of Results (KR).
A) FALSE
B) TRUE
- 18. Each trial or repetition strengthens the perceptual trace.
A) FALSE
B) TRUE
- 19. As skill improves, performance becomes more consistent and errors decrease.
A) FALSE
B) TRUE
- 20. The theory states that learning leads to precision and stability in movement.
A) TRUE
B) FALSE
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