How to tan and soften animal hides for clothing
  • 1. What is the first crucial step in hide tanning?
A) Salting
B) Smoking
C) Fleshing
D) Brain Tanning
  • 2. What does 'fleshing' remove from the hide?
A) Remaining skin
B) Hair
C) Membrane and fat
D) Grain
  • 3. Why is salting hides important?
A) Prevents bacteria growth
B) Adds color
C) Removes hair
D) Softens the hide
  • 4. What is 'bucking' in hide tanning?
A) Smoking the hide
B) Stretching the hide
C) Applying brain tan
D) Soaking in an alkaline solution
  • 5. What ingredient is commonly used in the 'bucking' process?
A) Salt
B) Sulfuric Acid
C) Wood ash
D) Tannic acid
  • 6. What does 'bucking' help to remove?
A) Fat
B) Membrane
C) Hair
D) Salt
  • 7. What is the purpose of rinsing the hide after bucking?
A) To dry the hide
B) To remove the alkaline solution
C) To add salt
D) To apply brain tan
  • 8. What is 'brain tanning' primarily used for?
A) Waterproofing the hide
B) Preserving the hide
C) Coloring the hide
D) Softening the hide
  • 9. Why are brains effective for tanning?
A) They are salty
B) They contain emulsifiers
C) They are acidic
D) They contain tannins
  • 10. How are brains typically prepared for tanning?
A) Applied raw
B) Emulsified in water
C) Fried
D) Boiled
  • 11. After applying brain mixture, what is the next crucial step?
A) Repeatedly stretching the hide
B) Smoking the hide
C) Salting the hide
D) Washing the hide
  • 12. Why is stretching important during brain tanning?
A) Prevents shrinkage
B) Adds color
C) Breaks down fibers for softness
D) Removes water
  • 13. What tool is commonly used for scraping hides?
A) A hammer
B) A sharp knife
C) A dull, rounded tool
D) A saw
  • 14. What is 'dry scraping'?
A) Scraping very quickly
B) Scraping a wet hide
C) Scraping a dry hide
D) Scraping with a dry tool
  • 15. What is the main purpose of smoking a hide?
A) Softening
B) Preservation and waterproofing
C) Removing hair
D) Adding color
  • 16. What type of wood is best for smoking hides?
A) Green wood
B) Rotten or punky wood
C) Hardwood
D) Resinous wood
  • 17. Why is it important to use rotten wood when smoking hides?
A) It adds color.
B) It smells better.
C) It produces cool smoke.
D) It burns hotter.
  • 18. How long should a hide be smoked?
A) 1 week
B) Until it's the desired color
C) 1 hour
D) 1 day
  • 19. What does 'breaking' the hide refer to?
A) Cutting the hide
B) Washing the hide
C) Softening through manipulation
D) Removing hair
  • 20. Which of these is NOT a method for softening hides?
A) Rubbing against a post
B) Boiling
C) Stretching
D) Pulling over a rope
  • 21. What is 'alum' tanning?
A) Using brain tannins
B) Using tree bark
C) Using clay
D) Using aluminum salts
  • 22. What is a potential downside of alum tanning?
A) It's very difficult
B) It's very time consuming
C) It requires smoking
D) It can become stiff if wet
  • 23. What is 'bark tanning'?
A) Using brains
B) Using clay
C) Using tannins from tree bark
D) Using aluminum salts
  • 24. Which tree bark is commonly used for bark tanning?
A) Oak
B) Palm
C) Spruce
D) Pine
  • 25. What effect does bark tanning have on the hide?
A) It softens the hide
B) It darkens and stiffens the hide
C) It makes the hide waterproof
D) It brightens the hide
  • 26. What is a good indicator that a hide is properly tanned?
A) It cracks easily
B) It is slimy
C) It shrinks when wet
D) It is soft and pliable when dry
  • 27. Why is it important to remove all the hair from the hide before tanning?
A) The hair will rot and damage the hide
B) The hair is ugly
C) The hair interferes with the tanning process
D) The hair makes the hide too stiff
  • 28. What type of water should be used for soaking hides?
A) Salt water
B) Hot water
C) Warm, soapy water
D) Clean, cold water
  • 29. What does 'grain' refer to on a hide?
A) The hair side of the hide
B) The flesh side of the hide
C) The outer layer of the hide
D) The inner layer of the hide
  • 30. What is the purpose of 'dressing' a hide after tanning?
A) Removing hair
B) Adding color
C) Removing excess water
D) Adding oils or fats to soften and protect
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