How to tan and soften animal hides for clothing
  • 1. What is the first crucial step in hide tanning?
A) Salting
B) Fleshing
C) Brain Tanning
D) Smoking
  • 2. What does 'fleshing' remove from the hide?
A) Hair
B) Remaining skin
C) Membrane and fat
D) Grain
  • 3. Why is salting hides important?
A) Removes hair
B) Prevents bacteria growth
C) Softens the hide
D) Adds color
  • 4. What is 'bucking' in hide tanning?
A) Applying brain tan
B) Soaking in an alkaline solution
C) Stretching the hide
D) Smoking the hide
  • 5. What ingredient is commonly used in the 'bucking' process?
A) Tannic acid
B) Sulfuric Acid
C) Wood ash
D) Salt
  • 6. What does 'bucking' help to remove?
A) Hair
B) Membrane
C) Salt
D) Fat
  • 7. What is the purpose of rinsing the hide after bucking?
A) To dry the hide
B) To apply brain tan
C) To add salt
D) To remove the alkaline solution
  • 8. What is 'brain tanning' primarily used for?
A) Preserving the hide
B) Softening the hide
C) Coloring the hide
D) Waterproofing the hide
  • 9. Why are brains effective for tanning?
A) They contain emulsifiers
B) They are salty
C) They are acidic
D) They contain tannins
  • 10. How are brains typically prepared for tanning?
A) Applied raw
B) Boiled
C) Emulsified in water
D) Fried
  • 11. After applying brain mixture, what is the next crucial step?
A) Smoking the hide
B) Washing the hide
C) Salting the hide
D) Repeatedly stretching the hide
  • 12. Why is stretching important during brain tanning?
A) Adds color
B) Removes water
C) Breaks down fibers for softness
D) Prevents shrinkage
  • 13. What tool is commonly used for scraping hides?
A) A hammer
B) A saw
C) A sharp knife
D) A dull, rounded tool
  • 14. What is 'dry scraping'?
A) Scraping very quickly
B) Scraping a dry hide
C) Scraping a wet hide
D) Scraping with a dry tool
  • 15. What is the main purpose of smoking a hide?
A) Softening
B) Removing hair
C) Preservation and waterproofing
D) Adding color
  • 16. What type of wood is best for smoking hides?
A) Hardwood
B) Rotten or punky wood
C) Resinous wood
D) Green wood
  • 17. Why is it important to use rotten wood when smoking hides?
A) It adds color.
B) It smells better.
C) It produces cool smoke.
D) It burns hotter.
  • 18. How long should a hide be smoked?
A) 1 hour
B) Until it's the desired color
C) 1 week
D) 1 day
  • 19. What does 'breaking' the hide refer to?
A) Cutting the hide
B) Removing hair
C) Washing the hide
D) Softening through manipulation
  • 20. Which of these is NOT a method for softening hides?
A) Rubbing against a post
B) Pulling over a rope
C) Boiling
D) Stretching
  • 21. What is 'alum' tanning?
A) Using brain tannins
B) Using aluminum salts
C) Using clay
D) Using tree bark
  • 22. What is a potential downside of alum tanning?
A) It's very difficult
B) It's very time consuming
C) It requires smoking
D) It can become stiff if wet
  • 23. What is 'bark tanning'?
A) Using tannins from tree bark
B) Using aluminum salts
C) Using clay
D) Using brains
  • 24. Which tree bark is commonly used for bark tanning?
A) Palm
B) Oak
C) Pine
D) Spruce
  • 25. What effect does bark tanning have on the hide?
A) It brightens the hide
B) It makes the hide waterproof
C) It softens the hide
D) It darkens and stiffens the hide
  • 26. What is a good indicator that a hide is properly tanned?
A) It shrinks when wet
B) It cracks easily
C) It is soft and pliable when dry
D) It is slimy
  • 27. Why is it important to remove all the hair from the hide before tanning?
A) The hair interferes with the tanning process
B) The hair makes the hide too stiff
C) The hair is ugly
D) The hair will rot and damage the hide
  • 28. What type of water should be used for soaking hides?
A) Hot water
B) Clean, cold water
C) Salt water
D) Warm, soapy water
  • 29. What does 'grain' refer to on a hide?
A) The flesh side of the hide
B) The hair side of the hide
C) The inner layer of the hide
D) The outer layer of the hide
  • 30. What is the purpose of 'dressing' a hide after tanning?
A) Adding oils or fats to soften and protect
B) Removing excess water
C) Removing hair
D) Adding color
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