Language, Truth, And Logic by A. J. Ayer

1. According to Ayer, what criterion do meaningful statements need to satisfy?

A) Coherence principle
B) Synthetic proposition
C) Verification principle
D) Pragmatic theory

2. What type of statements does Ayer consider to be meaningless?

A) Analytic statements
B) Metaphysical statements
C) Moral statements
D) Empirical statements

3. In Ayer's view, which of the following is a type of analytic statement?

A) All swans are white
B) Water is H2O
C) A bachelor is an unmarried man
D) The Earth revolves around the Sun

4. What is Ayer's position on religious statements?

A) They are purely metaphorical
B) They are expressions of emotion
C) They are universally valid
D) They are factual claims

5. What does Ayer mean by 'empirical propositions'?

A) Propositions verifiable through observation
B) Propositions that are self-evident
C) Propositions based on intuition
D) Propositions contradicted by experience

6. How does Ayer view statements about the future?

A) They are always uncertain
B) They can be predicted with certainty
C) They lack factual meaning until verified
D) They are purely hypothetical

7. In the context of Ayer's work, what does 'analytic' refer to?

A) Statements true by definition
B) Statements based on emotions
C) Statements providing knowledge
D) Statements verifiable through experience

8. What does Ayer consider to be a necessary condition for a proposition to be considered meaningful?

A) It must align with common sense
B) It must be empirically verifiable
C) It must be universally accepted
D) It must be logically coherent

9. Ayer argues that ethical statements are not factually meaningful. What does he call this?

A) Realism
B) Relativism
C) Constructivism
D) Emotivism

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