Catherine the Great - Quiz
Catherine the Great
  • 1. Which emperor of China was committed to an expansionist policy in Central Asia during Catherine's reign?
A) The Qianlong Emperor
B) The Jiaqing Emperor
C) The Yongzheng Emperor
D) The Kangxi Emperor
  • 2. What treaty did the Qianlong Emperor unilaterally abrogate in 1762?
A) The Treaty of Aigun
B) The Treaty of Kyakhta
C) The Treaty of Nerchinsk
D) The Treaty of Beijing
  • 3. What did the Treaty of Kyakhta govern between the two empires?
A) Fishing quotas
B) Navigational rights
C) Border demarcation
D) The caravan trade
  • 4. Which group of fugitives from the Qing Empire took refuge with the Russians, causing tension?
A) Han rebels
B) Dzungar Mongols
C) Tibetan monks
D) Manchu nobles
  • 5. What event committed by the Qing Empire led Dzungars to seek sanctuary in Russia?
A) The Boxer Rebellion
B) The Taiping Rebellion
C) The Dungan revolt
D) The Dzungar genocide
  • 6. How did Catherine perceive the Qianlong Emperor?
A) As a reliable trading partner
B) As a wise and benevolent ruler
C) As a weak and easily manipulated leader
D) As an unpleasant and arrogant neighbour
  • 7. Which of the following was NOT one of Catherine's stated goals regarding her foreign ambitions?
A) Annexing Beijing
B) Suppressing the pride of China
C) Establishing trade with India
D) Ejecting the Turks from Europe
  • 8. In what language did Catherine write a 1790 letter to Baron de Grimm mentioning her Chinese neighbour?
A) German
B) Russian
C) French
D) English
  • 9. What nickname did Catherine use for the Qianlong Emperor in her 1790 letter?
A) The expansionist of Central Asia
B) My Chinese neighbour with small eyes
C) The destroyer of the Dzungars
D) The arrogant ruler of the East
  • 10. Where did Russians become active in fur trapping in the Far East?
A) Alaska and the Aleutian Islands
B) Siberia and Sakhalin
C) Kamchatka and the Kuril Islands
D) Mongolia and Manchuria
  • 11. Why did Russian interest in opening trade with Japan develop?
A) To spread Christianity
B) To obtain supplies and food
C) To establish a military base
D) To acquire advanced weaponry
  • 12. Who was the Japanese sea captain driven ashore in the Aleutian Islands in 1783?
A) Daikokuya Kōdayū
B) Mamiya Rinzō
C) Tadataka Ino
D) Honda Toshiaki
  • 13. Whose territory were the Aleutian Islands when the Japanese sea captain washed ashore?
A) British territory
B) Russian territory
C) Japanese territory
D) Chinese territory
  • 14. When did Catherine grant Daikokuya Kōdayū an audience at Tsarskoye Selo?
A) 10 September 1792
B) 15 August 1783
C) 1 July 1762
D) 28 June 1791
  • 15. Who led the Russian trade mission dispatched to Japan in 1792?
A) Adam Laxman
B) Grigory Potemkin
C) Ivan Golovkin
D) Nikolai Rezanov
  • 16. Which Japanese governing body received the 1792 Russian trade mission?
A) The Edo City Council
B) The Satsuma Domain
C) The Tokugawa shogunate
D) The Imperial Court in Kyoto
  • 17. What was the outcome of the 1792 trade mission to Japan?
A) Japan declared war on Russia
B) Negotiations failed
C) An alliance was formed against China
D) A major trade treaty was signed
  • 18. How did Nicholas I evaluate the foreign policy of Catherine the Great?
A) As a dishonest one
B) As a brilliant and visionary success
C) As legally sound and strategic
D) As cautious and defensive
  • 19. What did Nicholas I say about Catherine's initial goals?
A) She abandoned them due to a lack of funds
B) She achieved all of them perfectly
C) She failed to reach any of them
D) She modified them for the better
  • 20. How was Catherine's foreign policy characterized from the very start?
A) A cautious approach focused solely on defense
B) A series of mistakes and lacking a long-term strategy
C) An alliance-driven strategy focused on peace
D) A masterclass in geopolitical maneuvering
  • 21. Which large territories did Russia lose from its protectorate under Catherine?
A) The Crimean Peninsula
B) The Grand Duchy of Finland
C) The Commonwealth of Poland and Lithuania
D) The Baltic governorates
  • 22. To which countries did Catherine leave the territories of the Commonwealth of Poland and Lithuania?
A) China and Japan
B) Prussia and Austria
C) France and Great Britain
D) Sweden and the Ottoman Empire
  • 23. Since whose reign had the Commonwealth been a Russian protectorate?
A) Ivan the Terrible
B) Alexander I
C) Michael Romanov
D) Peter I
  • 24. What political problem of dissidents did Peter I choose not to intervene in?
A) Advocating for their religious freedoms
B) Seeking parliamentary representation
C) Protesting military conscription
D) Demanding tax exemptions
  • 25. What kind of power did Catherine actually turn Russia into?
A) An isolated agrarian empire
B) A strictly regional European power
C) A minor maritime power
D) A global great power
  • 26. What caused famines, starvation, and fear of famines in Russia?
A) The abrogation of the Treaty of Kyakhta
B) Dzungar raids along the Siberian border
C) Global trade of Russian natural resources and Russian grain
D) Trade embargoes imposed by Japan and China
  • 27. Why did Catherine's dynasty eventually lose power?
A) Because of resource trading famines and a war with Austria and Germany
B) Because of the failed trade mission led by Adam Laxman
C) Because of the loss of Kamchatka to Japan
D) Because she failed to eject the Turks from Europe
  • 28. According to the text, a war with which nations was impossible without Catherine's foreign policy?
A) Austria and Germany
B) Sweden and the Ottoman Empire
C) China and Japan
D) Great Britain and France
  • 29. Which duchy did Catherine refuse?
A) Holstein-Gottorp
B) Holstein-Prussia
C) Bavaria
D) Schleswig
  • 30. What geographic feature did the refused duchy have ports on?
A) The Baltic Sea
B) The North Sea
C) The Black Sea
D) The Atlantic Ocean
  • 31. What role did Catherine pioneer for Russia, similar to Britain's later role?
A) Naval superpower
B) Colonial conqueror
C) Financial backer
D) International mediator
  • 32. When did the War of the Bavarian Succession take place?
A) 1780–1782
B) 1778–1779
C) 1788–1790
D) 1790–1792
  • 33. What relation was King Gustav III to Catherine?
A) Brother
B) Uncle
C) Nephew
D) Cousin
  • 34. Which city did King Gustav III hope to strike directly?
A) Stockholm
B) Holstein
C) Moscow
D) Saint Petersburg
  • 35. Which Russian fleet checked the Royal Swedish navy in July 1788?
A) Baltic Fleet
B) Black Sea Fleet
C) Northern Fleet
D) Atlantic Fleet
  • 36. What was the result of the Battle of Hogland in July 1788?
A) A crushing Swedish victory
B) A decisive Russian victory
C) It was tied
D) A cancellation due to weather
  • 37. Which country declared war on Sweden in 1788?
A) Britain
B) Prussia
C) Austria
D) Denmark
  • 38. Who was paid large sums of money as part of the peace settlement?
A) The Austrian Emperor
B) Catherine herself
C) The King of Denmark
D) Gustav III
  • 39. How long did peace ensue after the 1790 treaty, despite an assassination?
A) 20 years
B) 50 years
C) 5 years
D) 10 years
  • 40. In what year was King Gustav III assassinated?
A) 1790
B) 1788
C) 1792
D) 1800
  • 41. In what year was Catherine crowned?
A) 1796
B) 1762
C) 1768
D) 1781
  • 42. What inspired the design of the Great Imperial Crown?
A) Ottoman architecture
B) British royal regalia
C) Byzantine design
D) Romanian art
  • 43. How many Indian diamonds are on the Great Imperial Crown?
A) 398
B) 4,936
C) 2,300
D) 75
  • 44. What is the weight of the Great Imperial Crown?
A) 2.3kg
B) 5.1kg
C) 1.5kg
D) 3.8kg
  • 45. In which museum is the Great Imperial Crown currently on display?
A) British Museum
B) Moscow Kremlin Armoury Museum
C) Louvre Museum
D) State Hermitage Museum
  • 46. Whose rehabilitation was one of Catherine's early acts following her accession?
A) Alexey Bestuzhev-Ryumin
B) Ivan Osterman
C) Şahin Giray
D) Nikita Panin
  • 47. Who interpreted Bestuzhev's rehabilitation as presenting a political difficulty regarding Elizabeth's memory?
A) Alexander Suvorov
B) Sergey Solovyov
C) Jérémie Pauzié
D) Ivan Gudovich
  • 48. By how many square kilometres did Catherine extend the Russian Empire?
A) Some one million square kilometres
B) Some 200,000 square kilometres
C) Some 520,000 square kilometres
D) Some 750,000 square kilometres
  • 49. Who served as Catherine's foreign minister from 1763 to 1781?
A) Nikita Panin
B) Ivan Osterman
C) Alexander Suvorov
D) Alexey Bestuzhev-Ryumin
  • 50. What alliance system did Nikita Panin attempt to set up to counter the Bourbon–Habsburg League?
A) Northern Accord
B) Black Sea Coalition
C) Eastern League
D) Baltic Pact
  • 51. Who replaced Nikita Panin as foreign minister in 1781?
A) Şahin Giray
B) Ivan Osterman
C) Ivan Gudovich
D) Alexey Bestuzhev-Ryumin
  • 52. In what year did Catherine agree to a commercial treaty with Great Britain?
A) 1774
B) 1762
C) 1766
D) 1783
  • 53. On what date was the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca signed?
A) 31 August 1762
B) 25 September 1789
C) 21 July 1774
D) 22 September 1762
  • 54. Who was named by Catherine to head the Crimean state to maintain friendly relations with Russia?
A) Alexey Bestuzhev-Ryumin
B) Ivan Osterman
C) Nikita Panin
D) Şahin Giray
  • 55. In what year did Catherine formally annex Crimea?
A) 1783
B) 1774
C) 1792
D) 1762
  • 56. What new city replaced Khadjibey by a decree in 1794?
A) Kherson
B) Nikolayev
C) Yekaterinoslav
D) Odessa
  • 57. What was Catherine the Great's birth name?
A) Sophie Auguste Friederike von Anhalt-Zerbst
B) Joanna Elisabeth of Holstein-Gottorp
C) Maria Choglokova
D) Yekaterina Alekseyevna
  • 58. When did Catherine die?
A) 5 January 1762
B) 17 November 1796
C) 2 May 1729
D) 28 June 1744
  • 59. In what city was Catherine born?
A) Stettin
B) Saint Petersburg
C) Moscow
D) Oranienbaum
  • 60. At what age did Catherine marry Peter?
A) 15
B) 18
C) 21
D) 16
  • 61. Which Roman historian's work caused a 'revolution' in Catherine's mind regarding power politics?
A) Plutarch
B) Tacitus
C) Cicero
D) Voltaire
  • 62. Who was widely believed to be the biological father of Catherine's son Paul?
A) Grigory Potemkin
B) Sergei Saltykov
C) Grigory Orlov
D) Peter III
  • 63. When was Catherine's son Paul born?
A) 1762
B) 1754
C) 1745
D) 1757
  • 64. What was the name of Catherine and Peter's second child who died at 14 months?
A) Elizabeth
B) Sophie
C) Anna
D) Joanna
  • 65. Which regiment did Catherine visit on the night of the coup to ask for protection?
A) Izmailovsky Regiment
B) Semenovsky Barracks
C) Holstein Regiment
D) Imperial Guard
  • 66. Where did Peter III die following his overthrow?
A) Ropsha
B) Oranienbaum
C) Stettin
D) Schlüsselburg
  • 67. Who was appointed director of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences in 1783?
A) Empress Elizabeth
B) Maria Choglokova
C) Princess Yekaterina Dashkova
D) Joanna Elisabeth
  • 68. When did Catherine found the Imperial Public Library, Russia's first state public library?
A) 1783
B) 1795
C) 1762
D) 1768
  • 69. Which medical procedure did Catherine promote by undergoing it herself in 1768?
A) Smallpox inoculation
B) Bloodletting
C) Phlebotomy
D) Pneumonia treatment
  • 70. Which rebellion posed a major challenge to Catherine's rule, involving Cossacks, nomads, and peasants?
A) Lopukhina affair
B) Pugachev's Rebellion
C) Russo-Turkish War
D) Bar Confederation
  • 71. Which admiral served under Catherine the Great?
A) Fyodor Ushakov
B) Pyotr Rumyantsev
C) Alexander Suvorov
D) Grigory Orlov
  • 72. Which territory in the east became the first European colony established by Russians under Catherine?
A) Alaska
B) Poland
C) New Russia
D) Crimea
  • 73. What was the name of the new Russian territories colonized along the coasts of the Black and Azov seas?
A) Holstein-Gottorp
B) Russian America
C) New Russia
D) Courland and Semigallia
  • 74. Which southern territory was annexed following victories over the Ottoman Empire?
A) Alaska
B) Crimean Khanate
C) Schleswig
D) Poland
  • 75. Which city was founded on Catherine's orders in newly conquered lands?
A) Szczecin
B) Sevastopol
C) Oranienbaum
D) Stettin
  • 76. Who was installed by Catherine to the throne of Poland before its partition?
A) Grigory Potemkin
B) Her son Paul
C) Her former lover
D) Peter III
  • 77. Who was appointed to supervise Catherine and Peter by Empress Elizabeth in May 1746?
A) Princess Yekaterina Dashkova
B) Maria Choglokova
C) Alexey Bestuzhev-Ryumin
D) Joanna Elisabeth
  • 78. What disease did Sophie's uncle Charles Augustus die of in Saint Petersburg in 1727?
A) Haemorrhoidal colic
B) Smallpox
C) Pneumonia
D) Apoplexy
  • 79. What disease did Catherine contract and survive shortly after arriving in Russia?
A) Smallpox
B) Typhus
C) Pneumonia
D) Cholera
  • 80. Which philosopher did Catherine first read during her unhappy marriage to Peter?
A) Voltaire
B) Grimm
C) Tacitus
D) Bestuzhev
  • 81. What was the name of the residence of the 'young court' where Peter and Catherine settled?
A) Smolny Institute
B) Oranienbaum
C) Winter Palace
D) Schlüsselburg
  • 82. Which palace did Catherine and Peter move into after Peter became emperor?
A) Ducal Castle
B) Ropsha
C) Winter Palace
D) Oranienbaum
  • 83. Who was the Prussian King whose admiration by Peter III alienated Russian nobles?
A) Christian August
B) Frederick II
C) Adolf Frederick
D) Frederick the Great
  • 84. What society did Catherine support that promoted the spread of potato cultivation?
A) Imperial Public Library
B) Russian Academy
C) Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences
D) Free Economic Society
  • 85. Which of Catherine's generals achieved renown during the wars against the Ottoman Empire?
A) Pyotr Rumyantsev
B) Fyodor Ushakov
C) Samuel Greig
D) Alexander Suvorov
  • 86. Which kingdom became a Russian protectorate in 1783?
A) Persia
B) Georgia
C) Armenia
D) Azerbaijan
  • 87. Who was the new king of Persia who invaded Georgia in 1795?
A) Ivan Gudovich
B) Agha Mohammad Khan
C) Valerian Zubov
D) Morteza Qoli Khan
  • 88. Who was the pro-Russian half-brother intended to replace the Persian shah?
A) King Erekle II
B) Morteza Qoli Khan
C) Agha Mohammad Khan
D) Valerian Zubov
  • 89. Whose advice did Catherine follow instead of appointing Ivan Gudovich?
A) Prince Zubov
B) King Erekle II
C) Paul I
D) Derzhavin
  • 90. Who was entrusted with the command of the Russian troops in 1796?
A) Morteza Qoli Khan
B) Ivan Gudovich
C) Count Valerian Zubov
D) Agha Mohammad Khan
  • 91. What relation was Valerian Zubov to Prince Zubov?
A) Uncle
B) Younger brother
C) Son
D) Father
  • 92. Where did the Russian troops set out from in April 1796?
A) St. Petersburg
B) Moscow
C) Derbent
D) Kizlyar
  • 93. Which key fortress did the Russian troops storm on 21 May 1796?
A) Derbent
B) Shemakha
C) Ganja
D) Baku
  • 94. Who glorified the storming of Derbent in a famous ode?
A) Derzhavin
B) Ivan Gudovich
C) Paul I
D) Valerian Zubov
  • 95. What major event occurred in November 1796 that halted the campaign?
A) Agha Mohammad Khan surrendered unconditionally
B) Catherine died
C) A massive earthquake destroyed the army
D) Persian forces defeated Zubov in a major battle
  • 96. Who did Catherine place on the Polish throne in 1764?
A) Kościuszko
B) Stanislaus Augustus Poniatowski
C) Alexander Bezborodko
D) Frederick II
  • 97. In what year did Catherine become the formal protector of political rights for dissidents and peasants in the Commonwealth?
A) 1795
B) 1764
C) 1768
D) 1791
  • 98. Which foreign power supported the Confederation of Bar?
A) Austria
B) Prussia
C) France
D) Habsburg monarchy
  • 99. Which monarchy gained Galicia, satisfying Empress Catherine?
A) Habsburg monarchy
B) Ottoman Empire
C) French monarchy
D) Prussian monarchy
  • 100. What did the Targowica confederates believe the Russians would help them restore?
A) The French Monarchy
B) The Permanent Council
C) The Golden Liberty
D) The May Constitution
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