Spanish colonial architecture - Quiz
Spanish colonial architecture
  • 1. Which mendicant orders were responsible for building churches on pre-Hispanic temple sites?
A) Franciscans, Jesuits, and Carmelites
B) Augustinians, Dominicans, and Jesuits
C) Franciscans, Dominicans, and Augustinians
D) Jesuits, Benedictines, and Franciscans
  • 2. Why were large open-air atriums built in early Mexican church complexes?
A) To provide a space for military training
B) To act as a burial ground for local leaders
C) To accommodate large numbers of indigenous neophytes
D) To serve as marketplaces for the community
  • 3. How were Augustinian churches in Mexico described by their critics?
A) Opulent and sumptuous
B) Small and practical
C) Fortified and defensive
D) Simple and austere
  • 4. What led to the decrease in the indigenous population attending elaborate churches in 16th-century Mexico?
A) Civil war
B) Epidemics
C) Forced migration
D) Religious persecution
  • 5. What distinguished the location of mission complexes in northern Mexico from churches in central Mexico?
A) They were built along the coastline for naval access
B) They were built exclusively on high mountain peaks
C) They were built inside existing major cities
D) They were built on the frontier where settlements did not previously exist
  • 6. What is the Jesuit-coined term for the mixed architecture of wood and stone houses in the Philippines?
A) Estilo colonial
B) Earthquake Baroque
C) Arquitectura mestiza
D) Bahay Filipino
  • 7. What are the traditional Filipino houses that served as the base for the bahay na bato design?
A) Nipa hut or bahay kubo
B) Teja de curva structures
C) Adobe colonial homes
D) Spanish brick cottages
  • 8. What structural adaptation was made to Philippine churches to withstand frequent earthquakes?
A) Lower and wider proportions with thick, buttressed walls
B) Building churches exclusively underground
C) Tall, slender spires for aesthetic appeal
D) Use of iron frameworks instead of stone
  • 9. Why were some bell towers in the Philippines detached from the main church building?
A) To allow for better sound travel
B) To prevent damage to the church if the tower collapsed
C) To separate the secular and sacred functions
D) To hide them from pirate invaders
  • 10. What material replaced thatched nipa roofs on Filipino houses in the late 19th century?
A) Clay tiles
B) Copper sheeting
C) Galvanized iron
D) Concrete slabs
  • 11. What was a secondary function of many bell towers in the Philippines?
A) Living quarters for monks
B) Administrative offices
C) Watchtowers against pirates
D) Grain storage
  • 12. In the Philippines, what characterizes the design of the lower levels of bell towers compared to the top?
A) They are painted with elaborate frescoes
B) They have larger windows
C) They have a thicker girth
D) They are made of wood instead of stone
  • 13. What defined the Dominican style of church building in Mexico?
A) Extremely simple
B) Small and compact
C) Highly ornamented
D) Lacking any decoration
  • 14. In what year were the royal ordinances regarding city planning written?
A) 1790
B) 1513
C) 1500
D) 1521
  • 15. According to the 1513 ordinances, what factor determined street width?
A) Religious importance
B) The number of horses
C) Amount of tax revenue
D) Climatic conditions
  • 16. What is the term for the layout pattern used in Spanish American cities?
A) Vecinos
B) Congregación
C) Reducción
D) Traza
  • 17. Which of these was located around the central plaza in a colonial city?
A) Foreign embassies
B) Town council building
C) The city outskirts
D) Military barracks for soldiers
  • 18. How were the streets oriented relative to the main plaza?
A) In a circular pattern
B) Diagonally to maximize sunlight
C) Following the natural flow of rivers
D) At right angles
  • 19. Who was known as 'the good geometer'?
A) Alonso García Bravo
B) Hernán Cortés
C) A nameless Spanish architect
D) The King of Spain
  • 20. What historical evidence indicates that there was no absolute racial segregation in the 1790 Mexico City traza?
A) Elite households had non-white servants
B) The streets were too narrow to enforce segregation
C) Laws forbade any segregation in housing
D) The census shows equal land distribution
  • 21. What determined the growth of the grid pattern in colonial settlements?
A) The number of royal decrees
B) The size of the religious temple
C) Geography
D) The wealth of the governor
  • 22. What is the current status of the checkerboard layout in modern Latin American towns?
A) It only exists in Mexico City
B) It has been completely abolished by law
C) It is often still retained
D) It is considered a historical myth
  • 23. When were the Laws of the Indies generally prescribed for city building?
A) About three decades into colonization
B) Only after the fall of the Aztec Empire
C) After the 1790 census
D) Immediately upon arrival in 1492
  • 24. What is another name for Spanish colonial architecture?
A) Baroque fusion
B) Mediterranean revival
C) Empire colonial
D) Hispanic colonial architecture
  • 25. Spanish colonial style is often marked by the contrast between simple construction and what other element?
A) Neoclassical symmetry
B) Baroque ornamentation
C) Renaissance minimalism
D) Gothic structuralism
  • 26. Which country has the most UNESCO World Heritage sites in the Americas?
A) Ecuador
B) Cuba
C) Mexico
D) Guatemala
  • 27. What style was popular in Mexico between the late 17th century and 1750, characterized by visually frenetic details?
A) Spanish Neoclassical
B) Pure Baroque
C) Mexican Churrigueresque
D) Indigenous Renaissance
  • 28. What specific style is Antigua Guatemala famous for?
A) Pure Neoclassical
B) Minimalist Gothic
C) Modernist Colonial
D) Mudéjar-influenced Baroque
  • 29. What is the oldest continuously inhabited European-established city in the Americas?
A) St. Augustine
B) Mexico City
C) Santo Domingo
D) Havana
  • 30. What material, containing small mollusk shells, was used in St. Augustine architecture?
A) Red sandstone
B) Adobe brick
C) Limestone marble
D) Coquina
  • 31. According to UNESCO, which city has the best-preserved historic center in Latin America?
A) Puebla
B) Quito
C) San Juan
D) Cartagena
  • 32. When was St. Augustine established?
A) 1598
B) 1565
C) 1613
D) 1502
  • 33. The Casa de los Azulejos in Mexico City is known for being clad in what material?
A) Blue-and-white talavera tiles
B) Hand-painted limestone
C) Red clay bricks
D) Polished granite slabs
  • 34. Which of these is NOT listed as a famous Colonial-style city in Mexico?
A) Guanajuato
B) Puebla
C) Zacatecas
D) Cancún
  • 35. Which empire is credited with spreading the idea of city grids across European empires?
A) Roman Empire
B) French Empire
C) Spanish Empire
D) British Empire
  • 36. What were the grid-like villages built by the French during the Renaissance called?
A) Bastides
B) Ville-neuves
C) Plazas
D) Barrios
  • 37. Which English monarch adopted grid-like town planning?
A) King Henry VIII
B) King Edward I
C) King George III
D) King Richard the Lionheart
  • 38. How did Spanish settlements in the New World grow during the first three to four decades?
A) Amorphously
B) In circular patterns
C) Following Roman instructions
D) In a strict grid
  • 39. Did Ferdinand II provide specific layout instructions for settlements in the Caribbean in 1501?
A) No
B) Yes, he provided a detailed map
C) Yes, for every island
D) Yes, specifically for Cuba
  • 40. Who was the recipient of Ferdinand II's instructions in 1501 regarding settlements?
A) Hernan Cortes
B) Nicolas De Ovando
C) Christopher Columbus
D) King Edward I
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