Channeled Scablands - Quiz
Channeled Scablands
  • 1. What are the Channeled Scablands primarily composed of?
A) Interconnected relict and dry flood channels, coulees, cataracts, and flat-lying basalt flows
B) Glacial moraines and deep U-shaped alpine valleys
C) Rolling hills of deep fertile soil and dense forests
D) Active volcanic calderas and lava tubes
  • 2. In which part of Washington state are the Channeled Scablands located?
A) Northeastern part
B) Southwestern part
C) Southeastern part
D) Northwestern part
  • 3. How many cataclysmic floods scoured the Channeled Scablands during the Last Glacial Maximum?
A) Exactly 5
B) Around 12
C) More than 40
D) Only 1
  • 4. What caused the cataclysmic floods that created the Scablands?
A) Rapid melting of local mountain glaciers
B) A large glacial lake breaking through its ice dam
C) Tectonic plate shifts and massive earthquakes
D) Prolonged heavy rainfall over several decades
  • 5. During which epoch did the floods periodically sweep across eastern Washington?
A) Holocene epoch
B) Pleistocene epoch
C) Cretaceous epoch
D) Miocene epoch
  • 6. When did the last of the cataclysmic floods occur?
A) Between 18,200 and 14,000 years ago
B) Between 50,000 and 45,000 years ago
C) Between 1 million and 800,000 years ago
D) Between 5,000 and 3,000 years ago
  • 7. What material did the floods erode the area into?
A) Palouse loess
B) Sandstone dunes
C) Granite bedrock
D) Alluvial clay deposits
  • 8. Who defined the term "scablands" in the 1920s?
A) J Harlen Bretz
B) The Penrose committee
C) The Geological Society of America
D) J. T. Pardee
  • 9. What is the maximum length of Rock Lake mentioned in the text?
A) 11 km
B) 3 km
C) 75 km
D) 30 km
  • 10. Why are the Scablands important to planetary scientists?
A) They show evidence of ancient extraterrestrial impacts
B) They contain meteorites from Mars
C) Their basalt matches the composition of lunar maria
D) They are perhaps the best terrestrial analog of Martian outflow channels
  • 11. What volume of water did Bretz's theories require for the immense floods?
A) 5,000 cubic miles
B) 500,000 cubic miles
C) 50 cubic miles
D) 500 cubic miles
  • 12. What type of theories did geologists of the day try to use to explain the Scablands before Bretz's ideas gained acceptance?
A) Catastrophist creationist theories
B) Uniformitarian theories
C) Glacial scraping theories
D) Extraterrestrial impact theories
  • 13. Who first suggested to Bretz that the draining of a glacial lake could account for the flows?
A) An anonymous reviewer
B) A planetary scientist from NASA
C) J. T. Pardee
D) J Harlen Bretz himself
  • 14. Which glacial lake was identified as the source of the floods?
A) Lake Missoula
B) Lake Agassiz
C) Lake Bonneville
D) Lake Lahontan
  • 15. What research in the 1970s helped put Bretz's theories on solid scientific ground?
A) Radiocarbon dating
B) Magnetostratigraphy
C) Open-channel hydraulics
D) Seismic tomography
  • 16. What prestigious medal did Bretz receive in 1979 from the Geological Society of America?
A) Wollaston Medal
B) Vaughan CCS Medal
C) Penrose Medal
D) Hayden Memorial Geological Award
  • 17. What cross-sectional shape do the Channeled Scablands have?
A) Rectangular cross section
B) V-shaped cross section
C) U-shaped cross section
D) Circular cross section
  • 18. What is the estimated size range of the area encompassing the Scablands?
A) 100 and 500 square miles
B) 1,500 and 2,000 square miles
C) 10,000 and 15,000 square miles
D) 50,000 and 70,000 square miles
  • 19. What drainage pattern do the Scablands exhibit?
A) An entrance in the south and an exit in the north
B) A closed basin with no external exit
C) An entrance in the northeast and an exit in the southwest
D) A radial drainage pattern originating from a central peak
  • 20. Which ice sheet dammed up Glacial Lake Missoula?
A) Greenland ice sheet
B) Patagonian ice sheet
C) Laurentide ice sheet
D) Cordilleran ice sheet
  • 21. What shape do the eroded channels show?
A) A single straight linear trench
B) Anastomosing, or braided, appearance
C) A grid-like rectangular matrix
D) A series of concentric rings
  • 22. When did the oldest megafloods through the Channeled Scablands flow, based on recent dating methods?
A) Exactly 10,000 years ago
B) Within the last 5,000 years
C) Sometime before 1.5 million years ago
D) During the Holocene epoch
  • 23. What are the giant current ripples described in the text?
A) Only a few centimeters high
B) Microscopic ridges in the basalt
C) Between 100 and 200 feet high
D) Between 3 and 49 feet high
  • 24. What swirling vortexes of water formed the large potholes by scouring and plucking out the bedrock?
A) Tsunamis
B) Whirlpools
C) Kolks
D) Eddies
  • 25. What are glacial erratics?
A) Volcanic bombs ejected during basalt eruptions
B) Small pebbles polished smooth by river currents
C) Sedimentary layers formed by windblown dust
D) Large boulders that rafted on glaciers and were deposited by glacial outburst flooding
  • 26. Who wrote 'Bretz's Flood: The Remarkable Story of a Rebel Geologist and the World's Greatest Flood' in 2008?
A) Marjorie Burns
B) H. T. Smith
C) J Harlen Bretz
D) John Soennichsen
  • 27. What is the ISBN of the book 'Cataclysms on the Columbia'?
A) 0-1086-623053
B) 978-1-57061-505-4
C) 0-1130-0016-7
D) 0-88192-215-3
  • 28. What is the ISBN for John Soennichsen's 2008 book?
A) 0-1130-0016-7
B) 978-1-57061-505-4
C) 0-88192-215-3
D) 0-1086-623179
  • 29. In what year was the article 'The Spokane flood beyond the Channeled Scablands' published?
A) 1956
B) 1923
C) 1986
D) 1925
  • 30. Which press published 'Cataclysms on the Columbia' in Portland, Oregon?
A) Sasquatch Books
B) Timber Press
C) Geological Society of America
D) Journal of Geology
  • 31. Where was John Soennichsen's book about Bretz published?
A) Seattle, Washington
B) Washington, D.C.
C) Portland, Oregon
D) Chicago, Illinois
  • 32. What volume and issue of the Journal of Geology contained Bretz's 1923 article?
A) Volume 31, issue 2
B) Volume 33, issue 2
C) Volume 67, issue 8
D) Volume 31, issue 8
  • 33. What page range does Bretz's 1925 article 'The Spokane flood beyond the Channeled Scablands' cover?
A) 957–1049
B) 1–50
C) 617–649
D) 97–115, 236–259
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