White blood cell - Quiz
White blood cell
  • 1. What is the term for an increase in the number of white blood cells in circulation?
A) Neutropenia
B) Leukocytosis
C) Leukopenia
D) Eosinophilia
  • 2. What is the most common cause of leukocytosis?
A) Inflammation
B) Smoking
C) Medication
D) Exercise
  • 3. How many major causes of leukocytosis are mentioned in the text?
A) Six
B) Two
C) Eight
D) Four
  • 4. What is an increase in the absolute neutrophil count in the peripheral circulation called?
A) Basophilia
B) Monocytosis
C) Neutrophilia
D) Lymphocytosis
  • 5. What is the typical normal total leukocyte count in an adult?
A) 4000 to 11,000 per mm3
B) 15,000 to 20,000 per mm3
C) 20,000 to 30,000 per mm3
D) 1000 to 5000 per mm3
  • 6. What percentage of chronic smokers may experience neutrophilia?
A) 80–90%
B) 25–50%
C) 5–10%
D) 60–75%
  • 7. Which of the following is listed as a primary cause of neutrophilia?
A) Rheumatoid arthritis
B) Pelger–Huët anomaly
C) Tuberculosis
D) Cigarette smoking
  • 8. What is the considered normal eosinophil count limit?
A) Exactly 5.0×109/L
B) Less than 2.0×109/L
C) Less than 0.65×109/L
D) More than 1.0×109/L
  • 9. When are eosinophil counts typically lower in a 24-hour cycle?
A) During sleep
B) At night
C) In the morning
D) At noon
  • 10. Which medical condition is noted as a secondary cause of neutrophilia?
A) Crohn's disease
B) Hereditary neutrophilia
C) Pelger–Huët anomaly
D) Down syndrome
  • 11. Which medication is associated with inducing neutrophilia?
A) Penicillin
B) Insulin
C) Aspirin
D) Lithium
  • 12. How long can smoking-induced neutrophilia persist after quitting?
A) 10 years
B) 1 month
C) Up to 5 years
D) 6 months
  • 13. Eosinophilia is described as which of the following?
A) A sign of viral recovery
B) A common healthy finding
C) An indicator of low iron
D) Never a normal lab finding
  • 14. Which organ removal is linked to primary neutrophilia?
A) Spleen
B) Appendix
C) Gallbladder
D) Liver
  • 15. What blood panel includes the overall white blood cell count and differential count?
A) Metabolic panel
B) Lipid panel
C) Coagulation profile
D) Complete blood cell count
  • 16. Which of the following conditions might cause an increase in eosinophil count?
A) Dehydration
B) Parasitic infections
C) Vitamin deficiency
D) Low blood pressure
  • 17. Where are eosinophils most numerous?
A) Mucous membranes
B) Bone marrow
C) Kidneys
D) Liver
  • 18. How many lobes does an eosinophil nucleus generally have?
A) Two
B) Five
C) It is lobeless
D) Three
  • 19. What color do eosinophil granules turn with eosin staining?
A) Yellow-green
B) Deep blue
C) Dark violet
D) Pink-orange
  • 20. Which white blood cell is considered the rarest?
A) Basophil
B) Eosinophil
C) B cell
D) T cell
  • 21. What chemical do basophils release to dilate blood vessels?
A) Cytokines
B) Histamine
C) Heparin
D) Antibodies
  • 22. Why is the basophil nucleus hard to see?
A) It is transparent
B) It is too small
C) Coarse granules hide it
D) It is absent
  • 23. Where are lymphocytes most commonly found?
A) Skin
B) Lymphatic system
C) Connective tissue
D) Bloodstream
  • 24. What is the primary function of B cells?
A) Kill virus-infected cells
B) Release histamine
C) Phagocytize large parasites
D) Make antibodies
  • 25. What do CD8+ cytotoxic T cells bind to?
A) Histamine receptors
B) Heparin receptors
C) MHC II molecules
D) MHC I complex
  • 26. Which cells can kill cells that do not display MHC class I molecules?
A) B cells
B) Eosinophils
C) Basophils
D) Natural killer cells
  • 27. What is a key structural feature of all white blood cells?
A) They lack cytoplasm
B) They are fragmented
C) They are nucleated
D) They are anucleated
  • 28. Which of the following is an agranulocyte?
A) Neutrophil
B) Eosinophil
C) Basophil
D) Lymphocyte
  • 29. What are the two broadest categories used to classify white blood cells by structure?
A) Phagocytic and non-phagocytic
B) Multi-lobed and round
C) Myeloid and lymphoid
D) Granulocytes and agranulocytes
  • 30. Which cells belong to the lymphoid lineage?
A) Neutrophils
B) Lymphocytes
C) Monocytes
D) Eosinophils
  • 31. Which cells are phagocytic?
A) Monocytes and neutrophils
B) Lymphocytes and basophils
C) Natural killer cells and eosinophils
D) T cells and B cells
  • 32. Which cell type is the most abundant white blood cell?
A) Monocyte
B) Basophil
C) Lymphocyte
D) Neutrophil
  • 33. What percentage of circulating leukocytes do neutrophils constitute?
A) 40–50%
B) 60–70%
C) 10–20%
D) 80–90%
  • 34. What is the primary function of neutrophils?
A) Defense against bacterial or fungal infection
B) Transport of oxygen
C) Regulation of blood clotting
D) Production of antibodies
  • 35. What substance is formed by the death of neutrophils in large numbers?
A) Pus
B) Serum
C) Plasma
D) Lymph
  • 36. Why are neutrophils called polymorphonuclear?
A) Because they have a multi-lobed nucleus
B) Because they are very large
C) Because they circulate in the blood
D) Because they contain many granules
  • 37. What happens to neutrophils after they phagocytose a few pathogens?
A) They become monocytes
B) They die
C) They divide
D) They regenerate lysosomes
  • 38. Which cell type is most common in the early stages of acute inflammation?
A) Lymphocytes
B) Basophils
C) Neutrophils
D) Monocytes
  • 39. What is the scientific name for white blood cells?
A) Myelocytes
B) Platelets
C) Erythrocytes
D) Leukocytes
  • 40. Where are all white blood cells produced?
A) Lymph nodes
B) Liver
C) Bone marrow
D) Spleen
  • 41. What percentage of total blood volume do white blood cells represent?
A) 40% to 45%
B) 10%
C) Approximately 1%
D) 50%
  • 42. What is the term for a white blood cell count below the normal range?
A) Leukopenia
B) Leukemia
C) Neutropenia
D) Leukocytosis
  • 43. What causes the buffy coat to sometimes appear green?
A) Myeloperoxidase
B) Hemoglobin
C) High iron content
D) Plasma proteins
  • 44. In a centrifuged blood sample, where are white blood cells located?
A) The buffy coat
B) The plasma
C) The bottom layer
D) The sedimented red blood cells
  • 45. Which type of white blood cell is the largest?
A) Monocyte
B) Basophil
C) Neutrophil
D) Lymphocyte
  • 46. What is the primary function monocytes share with neutrophils?
A) Antibody production
B) Phagocytosis
C) Clotting
D) Histamine release
  • 47. What do monocytes become after leaving the bloodstream?
A) Tissue macrophages
B) Dendritic cells
C) Kupffer cells
D) Mast cells
  • 48. What is the shape of a monocyte's nucleus?
A) Round
B) Kidney-shaped
C) Multi-segmented
D) Lobulated
  • 49. Are monocytes typically granulated?
A) Yes
B) Only when active
C) Only in tissues
D) No
  • 50. What is the term for a decrease in lymphocytes?
A) Leukocytosis
B) Lymphocytopenia
C) Myeloproliferation
D) Neutrophilia
  • 51. Which of the following is a potential cause of neutropenia?
A) Normal aging
B) Increased production
C) High protein diet
D) Chemotherapy
  • 52. Which category of disorder involves white blood cells that exist in normal numbers but do not function correctly?
A) Leukopenias
B) Myeloproliferative disorders
C) Qualitative disorders
D) Proliferative disorders
  • 53. Which of the following is an example of an intrinsic disorder causing neutropenia?
A) Thiazide use
B) Fanconi's
C) Alcoholism
D) Radiation exposure
  • 54. Which of the following is considered a toxin that can lead to neutropenia?
A) Water
B) Calcium
C) Benzene
D) Vitamin C
  • 55. Which of these is listed as a potential cause of acquired neutropenia?
A) Sulfas
B) Exercise
C) Sleep deprivation
D) Hydration
  • 56. Which of the following is an inherited cause of lymphocytopenia?
A) Sepsis
B) Strenuous exercise
C) Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome
D) Alcohol use disorder
  • 57. Which of the following viral infections is associated with lymphocytopenia?
A) AIDS
B) Common cold
C) Minor skin rash
D) Seasonal allergies
  • 58. How are symptoms and treatment of lymphocytopenia directed?
A) At antibiotic resistance
B) At increasing caloric intake
C) At the underlying cause
D) Only at the lymphocyte count
  • 59. Which nutritional deficiency is listed as a potential cause of lymphocytopenia?
A) Vitamin D deficiency
B) Zinc deficiency
C) Iron deficiency
D) Vitamin C deficiency
  • 60. Which blood cell dysfunction is linked to lymphocytopenia?
A) Leukemia
B) Sickle cell anemia
C) Aplastic anemia
D) Polycythemia vera
  • 61. Which of the following medical procedures is a potential cause of lymphocytopenia?
A) Appendectomy
B) Gallbladder removal
C) Hemodialysis
D) Blood transfusion
  • 62. Which immune-related condition is mentioned as a cause of lymphocytopenia?
A) Systemic lupus erythematosus
B) Eczema
C) Asthma
D) Type 1 diabetes
  • 63. Which of these medications is associated with causing lymphocytopenia?
A) Antibiotics
B) Glucocorticoids
C) Pain relievers
D) Antihistamines
  • 64. Which of the following is a parasitic cause of lymphocytopenia?
A) Tapeworm
B) Pinworm
C) Scabies
D) Malaria
  • 65. Which of the following is a potential miscellaneous cause of lymphocytopenia?
A) Severe burns
B) Broken bone
C) Common headache
D) Mild dehydration
  • 66. Which category does sarcoidosis fall under in the text regarding lymphocytopenia causes?
A) Miscellaneous
B) Inherited immune deficiency
C) Nutritional
D) Infectious diseases
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