A) René Descartes and John Locke B) Gottfried Leibniz and Baruch Spinoza C) Socrates and Plato D) Immanuel Kant and David Hume
A) Lawyer B) Merchant C) Lens grinder D) University professor
A) The theory of forms B) The social contract C) God or Nature (Deus sive Natura) D) The categorical imperative
A) Geometry B) Statistics C) Calculus D) Algebra
A) They were bitter public rivals B) They never engaged with each other's work C) Leibniz was deeply influenced but hid his debt to Spinoza D) They were close collaborators
A) Forms B) Monads C) Ideas D) Atoms
A) As the body determining the mind B) As completely separate entities C) As two aspects of the same substance D) As the mind controlling the body
A) Theocracy B) Democratic republic C) Anarchy D) Absolute monarchy
A) To debate him publicly B) To discuss Spinoza's unpublished Ethics C) To seek financial support D) To convert him to Christianity
A) He strongly advocated for it B) He was indifferent to it C) He opposed it D) He supported it only for Christians
A) Leibniz believed in a personal, choosing God B) Leibniz believed in multiple gods C) Leibniz denied God's existence D) Leibniz saw God as evil
A) Meditations B) Critique of Pure Reason C) Ethics D) The Republic
A) Working as a lawyer B) Receiving royal patronage C) Teaching at a university D) Grinding optical lenses
A) We live in the best of all possible worlds B) All worlds are equally good C) Our world is the worst possible D) Worlds cannot be compared
A) Following religious commandments B) Pursuing personal desires C) Understanding necessity and acting rationally D) Rebelling against authority
A) Creating a new universal religion B) Converting all Jews to Christianity C) Abolishing all organized religion D) Reuniting Catholic and Protestant churches
A) Reason is insufficient for knowledge B) Reasons are always deceptive C) Everything has a sufficient reason for being D) Only God needs no reason
A) Only humans have free will B) The universe is constantly chaotic C) God synchronized all monads at creation D) Everything happens by random chance
A) He saw them as divine magic B) He denied they ever happened C) He explained them as natural events D) He avoided discussing them
A) He ignored it completely B) He criticized it publicly but used its ideas C) He praised it openly and often D) He tried to destroy all copies
A) Berlin B) The Hague C) Amsterdam D) Paris
A) Made him cautious about controversial views B) Had no influence on his thinking C) Forced him to abandon philosophy D) Made him more radical
A) 18th century B) 16th century C) 15th century D) 17th century
A) Dualism B) Empiricism C) Skepticism D) Pantheism |