(CLJ 1) INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILIPPINE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM (IPCJS)
  • 1. The Criminal Justice System refers to the network of institutions that ____.
A) Prevent and control crime
B) Punish offenders only
C) Protect criminals
D) Encourage deviance
  • 2. The term “Criminal Justice System” emphasizes ____.
A) Interdependence of institutions
B) Police dominance
C) Judicial supremacy
D) Political control
  • 3. The ultimate goal of the Criminal Justice System is ____.
A) Political stability
B) Legal education
C) Public safety and order
D) Economic development
  • 4. How many pillars make up the Philippine Criminal Justice System?
A) Six
B) Three
C) Five
D) Four
  • 5. The first pillar of the Criminal Justice System is ____.
A) Corrections
B) Law enforcement
C) Prosecution
D) Courts
  • 6. The second pillar of the Criminal Justice System is ____.
A) Corrections
B) Community
C) Prosecution
D) Law enforcement
  • 7. The third pillar of the Criminal Justice System is ____.
A) Law enforcement
B) Corrections
C) Community
D) Courts or Judiciary
  • 8. The fourth pillar of the Criminal Justice System is ____.
A) Judiciary
B) Prosecution
C) Law enforcement
D) Corrections
  • 9. The fifth pillar of the Criminal Justice System is ____.
A) Law enforcement
B) Judiciary
C) Prosecution
D) Community
  • 10. The Criminal Justice System is a mechanism for ____.
A) Maintaining peace and order
B) Political control
C) Media management
D) Economic growth
  • 11. The Criminal Justice System starts functioning when ____.
A) The judge issues a warrant
B) A person is arrested
C) A crime is committed and reported
D) The prosecutor files a case
  • 12. Which is NOT a component of the Criminal Justice System?
A) Judiciary
B) Prosecution
C) Legislative branch
D) Law enforcement
  • 13. The police are under which pillar of the system?
A) Judiciary
B) Prosecution
C) Community
D) Law enforcement
  • 14. The fiscal or public prosecutor belongs to which pillar?
A) Prosecution
B) Judiciary
C) Law enforcement
D) Corrections
  • 15. Judges and courts are part of which pillar?
A) Prosecution
B) Corrections
C) Law enforcement
D) Judiciary
  • 16. Jails and prisons are under which pillar?
A) Judiciary
B) Prosecution
C) Law enforcement
D) Corrections
  • 17. The community pillar represents ____.
A) People’s participation in crime prevention
B) Social workers only
C) Political leaders
D) The police and military
  • 18. The system is called “interdependent” because ____.
A) Prosecutors are above judges
B) Community acts alone
C) Each pillar affects the others
D) Police control the courts
  • 19. The concept of justice means ____.
A) Protecting only the rich
B) Punishing everyone
C) Giving each person his or her due
D) Supporting criminals
  • 20. A criminal case proceeds from one pillar to another in a ____.
A) Political decision
B) Sequential process
C) Economic plan
D) Random order
  • 21. The main responsibility of law enforcement is to ____.
A) Judge cases
B) Reform inmates
C) Prosecute offenders
D) Prevent and control crime
  • 22. The first contact of a crime suspect with the system is through the ____.
A) Judge
B) Jail officer
C) Prosecutor
D) Police
  • 23. The Philippine National Police was created under ____.
A) RA 8551
B) . RA 4864
C) Republic Act 6975
D) RA 7438
  • 24. The PNP is under which government department?
A) Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG)
B) Department of Justice
C) Department of Defense
D) Office of the President
  • 25. The PNP was reorganized under ____.
A) RA 9165
B) RA 7438
C) RA 6975
D) RA 8551 (PNP Reform and Reorganization Act of 1998)
  • 26. The chief of the PNP holds the rank of ____.
A) Police Colonel
B) Police General
C) Chief Superintendent
D) Police Director
  • 27. The power of arrest without warrant is allowed when ____.
A) The crime is committed in the officer’s presence
B) The judge orders it
C) The suspect is at home
D) The prosecutor requests it
  • 28. The Miranda Doctrine protects the suspect’s right to ____.
A) Remain silent and have counsel
B) Confess freely
C) Escape arrest
D) Leave the country
  • 29. The law that defines the rights of persons arrested or under custodial investigation is ____.
A) RA 9745
B) RA 6975
C) RA 7438
D) RA 8551
  • 30. The term “law enforcement” means ____.
A) Court interpretation
B) Correctional management
C) Application of the law by authorized officers
D) Creation of laws
  • 31. The Integrated National Police and the Philippine Constabulary were merged into the PNP in ____.
A) 2000
B) 1991
C) 1987
D) 1995
  • 32. The PNP is civilian in character as provided in the ____.
A) 1973 Constitution
B) Bill of Rights
C) 1987 Constitution
D) 1935 Constitution
  • 33. The law that governs anti-illegal drugs operations is ____.
A) RA 6975
B) RA 3815
C) RA 8353
D) RA 9165
  • 34. The National Police Commission (NAPOLCOM) exercises ____.
A) Judicial power
B) Legislative power
C) Operational command
D) Administrative control and supervision over the PNP
  • 35. The community can assist police in crime prevention through ____.
A) Barangay tanods and volunteer groups
B) Secret societies
C) Private armies
D) Vigilante groups
  • 36. The crime prevention program involving cooperation of citizens is called ____.
A) Community-oriented policing
B) Police militarization
C) Criminal profiling
D) Martial law
  • 37. The PNP motto is ____.
A) “To Serve and Protect
B) “Peace and Prosperity
C) “Law and Order”
D) “Honor and Duty”
  • 38. Police visibility aims to ____.
A) Increase fines
B) Deter the commission of crime
C) Improve politics
D) Train prosecutors
  • 39. A police blotter is used to record ____.
A) Crimes and incidents reported
B) Prosecution records
C) Prison escapes
D) Court decisions
  • 40. The PNP Internal Affairs Service (IAS) ensures ____.
A) Rewards
B) Promotions
C) Amnesty
D) Integrity and discipline within the police force
  • 41. The primary function of the prosecution pillar is to ____.
A) Arrest suspects
B) Determine probable cause and file cases in court
C) Judge offenders
D) Rehabilitate inmates
  • 42. Prosecutors are under which government department?
A) CHR
B) Supreme Court
C) Department of Justice (DOJ)
D) DILG
  • 43. The DOJ is headed by the ____.
A) Ombudsman
B) Chief Justice
C) Solicitor General
D) Secretary of Justice
  • 44. Preliminary investigation is conducted to ____.
A) Execute arrest
B) File civil suits
C) Determine probable cause
D) Sentence offenders
  • 45. The National Prosecution Service is under the ____.
A) DILG
B) Senate
C) Department of Justice
D) Supreme Court
  • 46. The Ombudsman investigates ____.
A) Military officers
B) Police trainees
C) Public officials accused of crimes
D) Private citizens
  • 47. The fiscal is another term for ____.
A) Public prosecutor
B) Police officer
C) Judge
D) Defense attorney
  • 48. Probable cause means ____.
A) Hearsay evidence
B) Reasonable grounds to believe a crime was committed
C) Political motive
D) Complete proof of guilt
  • 49. The resolution after a preliminary investigation is submitted to the ____.
A) Court
B) Community
C) Prison
D) Police
  • 50. The prosecution represents the ____.
A) Accused
B) Complainant only
C) State or People of the Philippines
D) Private sector
  • 51. The main function of the Judiciary is to ____.
A) Punish police officers
B) Make laws
C) Interpret the law and render justice
D) Enforce the law
  • 52. The highest court in the Philippines is the ____.
A) Court of Appeals
B) Sandiganbayan
C) Regional Trial Court
D) Supreme Court
  • 53. The Supreme Court is composed of ____.
A) One Chief Justice and Ten Associate Justices
B) Fifteen Associate Justices
C) Ten Justices
D) One Chief Justice and Fourteen Associate Justices
  • 54. The power of judicial review means the court can ____.
A) Amend the Constitution
B) Execute laws
C) Make new laws
D) Declare a law unconstitutional
  • 55. The Constitution that established the present judiciary structure is the ____.
A) 1973 Constitution
B) 1946 Constitution
C) 1987 Constitution
D) 1935 Constitution
  • 56. The special court for government corruption cases is the ____.
A) Court of Appeals
B) Ombudsman
C) Sandiganbayan
D) Civil Service Commission
  • 57. The People of the Philippines is always the ____.
A) Complainant or plaintiff in criminal cases
B) Respondent
C) Defendant
D) Accused
  • 58. The regular trial courts in the Philippines include the ____.
A) Court of Tax Appeals
B) Sandiganbayan
C) Regional Trial Courts (RTCs)
D) Barangay Courts
  • 59. The lowest courts in the judicial hierarchy are the ____.
A) Municipal Trial Courts (MTCs)
B) Court of Appeals
C) Regional Trial Courts
D) Supreme Court
  • 60. The Court of Appeals primarily handles ____.
A) Administrative cases only
B) Appeals from lower courts
C) Police cases
D) Barangay disputes
  • 61. The Family Courts handle cases involving ____.
A) Tax disputes
B) Juveniles and family-related offenses
C) Traffic violations
D) Labor cases
  • 62. The constitutional right to a fair trial means ____.
A) Impartial hearing with due process
B) Closed-door session
C) Fast conviction
D) Political influence
  • 63. A person cannot be convicted without ____.
A) Proof beyond reasonable doubt
B) A confession
C) Police testimony alone
D) Media coverage
  • 64. The presumption of innocence remains until ____.
A) Proven guilty in court
B) Charged by the prosecutor
C) Interrogated
D) Arrested by police
  • 65. The Judiciary is independent to ensure ____.
A) Fair and impartial justice
B) Law enforcement power
C) Political loyalty
D) Government funding
  • 66. Judicial power includes ____.
A) Controlling the police
B) Appointing prosecutors
C) Settling controversies involving rights
D) Making new laws
  • 67. The doctrine that a case once decided cannot be reopened is called ____.
A) Locus standi
B) Res judicata
C) Habeas corpus
D) Stare decisis
  • 68. The Latin phrase “stare decisis” means ____.
A) To retry an accused
B) To delay decision
C) To dismiss a case
D) To stand by decided cases
  • 69. A person deprived of liberty may file a petition for ____.
A) Writ of Execution
B) Writ of Attachment
C) Writ of Amparo
D) Writ of Habeas Corpus
  • 70. The Writ of Amparo protects citizens against ____.
A) Deportation
B) Property seizure
C) Threats to life, liberty, and security
D) Arrest for crime
  • 71. The main purpose of the Corrections Pillar is to ____.
A) Rehabilitate offenders and prepare them for reintegration
B) Enforce the law
C) Punish offenders cruelly
D) Eliminate criminals
  • 72. The Bureau of Corrections (BuCor) operates under the ____.
A) NAPOLCOM
B) Supreme Court
C) Department of Justice (DOJ)
D) DILG
  • 73. The Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) is under the ____.
A) CHR
B) DSWD
C) DOJ
D) Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG)
  • 74. Prisons are managed by ____.
A) Bureau of Corrections (BuCor)
B) PNP
C) BJMP
D) CHR
  • 75. Jails are managed by ____.
A) Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP)
B) AFP
C) BuCor
D) DSWD
  • 76. The primary correctional institution for national prisoners is the ____.
A) Correctional Institution for Women
B) Iwahig Penal Colony
C) Davao Penal Colony
D) New Bilibid Prison
  • 77. Prisoners serving less than 3 years are usually confined in ____.
A) Rehabilitation centers
B) Prisons
C) Jails
D) Penal colonies
  • 78. The concept of “reformation” means ____.
A) Using fear to control inmates
B) Isolating prisoners forever
C) Torturing offenders
D) Changing offender behavior to conform to law
  • 79. Parole is granted to prisoners who ____.
A) Show good behavior after serving part of the sentence
B) Are minors
C) Are politically connected
D) Are under trial
  • 80. Probation is an alternative to ____.
A) Imprisonment
B) Bail
C) Fine
D) Appeal
  • 81. The law creating the Probation System in the Philippines is ____.
A) RA 7438
B) Presidential Decree 968
C) RA 10575
D) RA 6975
  • 82. The Parole and Probation Administration (PPA) operates under the ____.
A) CSC
B) Department of Justice (DOJ)
C) Supreme Court
D) DILG
  • 83. The term “corrections” was first used to replace ____.
A) Criminalistics
B) Penology
C) Criminology
D) Police science
  • 84. Prisoner rehabilitation aims to ____.
A) Restore offender’s moral and social values
B) Promote fear
C) Increase punishment
D) Encourage revenge
  • 85. Community-based corrections include ____.
A) Death penalty
B) Life sentence
C) Imprisonment
D) Parole, Probation, and Pardon
  • 86. The community is considered the ____ pillar of the CJS.
A) Fourth
B) Third
C) Fifth
D) First
  • 87. The main role of the community is to ____.
A) Support rehabilitation and crime prevention programs
B) Replace police
C) Control courts
D) Punish offenders
  • 88. The Barangay Justice System is created under ____.
A) RA 6975
B) RA 7438
C) RA 8551
D) Katarungang Pambarangay Law (RA 7160)
  • 89. The head of the Barangay Justice System is the ____.
A) Barangay Captain (Punong Barangay)
B) Barangay Secretary
C) Chief Tanod
D) Barangay Kagawad
  • 90. The primary purpose of the Barangay Justice System is ____.
A) Fine collection
B) Amicable settlement of disputes
C) Political control
D) Imprisonment
  • 91. The community pillar emphasizes ____.
A) Judicial independence
B) Political power
C) Citizen participation in crime prevention
D) Police operations
  • 92. The Human Rights Commission (CHR) was established under ____.
A) 1973 Constitution
B) RA 6975
C) 1987 Constitution, Article XIII
D) RA 7438
  • 93. The term “Restorative Justice” focuses on ____.
A) Punishing the criminal harshly
B) Repairing harm between offender, victim, and community
C) Isolating offenders
D) Ignoring the victim
  • 94. The Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act is ____.
A) RA 9165
B) Republic Act 9344
C) RA 7438
D) RA 8551
  • 95. The age of criminal responsibility under RA 9344 is ____.
A) 18 years old
B) 15 years old and below
C) 12 years old
D) 16 years old
  • 96. Children in conflict with the law (CICL) are handled by ____.
A) Police stations only
B) BJMP
C) DSWD and Bahay Pag-asa Centers
D) BuCor
  • 97. Community-based programs aim to ____.
A) Reintegrate offenders into society
B) Punish juveniles
C) Militarize barangays
D) Detain more prisoners
  • 98. The success of the Criminal Justice System depends on ____.
A) Court decisions only
B) Cooperation among all five pillars
C) Police power alone
D) Punishment severity
  • 99. Crime prevention becomes effective when ____.
A) Government acts alone
B) Punishment is harsh
C) Police act secretly
D) Citizens actively participate with law enforcers
  • 100. The Criminal Justice System functions best when ____.
A) Laws favor the powerful
B) Justice is fair, swift, and humane
C) Citizens fear the police
D) Offenders are tortured
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