(CLJ 1) INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILIPPINE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM (IPCJS)
  • 1. The Criminal Justice System refers to the network of institutions that ____.
A) Punish offenders only
B) Prevent and control crime
C) Encourage deviance
D) Protect criminals
  • 2. The term “Criminal Justice System” emphasizes ____.
A) Judicial supremacy
B) Interdependence of institutions
C) Political control
D) Police dominance
  • 3. The ultimate goal of the Criminal Justice System is ____.
A) Political stability
B) Economic development
C) Public safety and order
D) Legal education
  • 4. How many pillars make up the Philippine Criminal Justice System?
A) Five
B) Six
C) Four
D) Three
  • 5. The first pillar of the Criminal Justice System is ____.
A) Corrections
B) Law enforcement
C) Courts
D) Prosecution
  • 6. The second pillar of the Criminal Justice System is ____.
A) Community
B) Law enforcement
C) Corrections
D) Prosecution
  • 7. The third pillar of the Criminal Justice System is ____.
A) Corrections
B) Law enforcement
C) Courts or Judiciary
D) Community
  • 8. The fourth pillar of the Criminal Justice System is ____.
A) Prosecution
B) Judiciary
C) Corrections
D) Law enforcement
  • 9. The fifth pillar of the Criminal Justice System is ____.
A) Law enforcement
B) Judiciary
C) Community
D) Prosecution
  • 10. The Criminal Justice System is a mechanism for ____.
A) Maintaining peace and order
B) Media management
C) Economic growth
D) Political control
  • 11. The Criminal Justice System starts functioning when ____.
A) A person is arrested
B) The judge issues a warrant
C) The prosecutor files a case
D) A crime is committed and reported
  • 12. Which is NOT a component of the Criminal Justice System?
A) Prosecution
B) Judiciary
C) Legislative branch
D) Law enforcement
  • 13. The police are under which pillar of the system?
A) Prosecution
B) Community
C) Law enforcement
D) Judiciary
  • 14. The fiscal or public prosecutor belongs to which pillar?
A) Judiciary
B) Law enforcement
C) Prosecution
D) Corrections
  • 15. Judges and courts are part of which pillar?
A) Prosecution
B) Law enforcement
C) Corrections
D) Judiciary
  • 16. Jails and prisons are under which pillar?
A) Judiciary
B) Law enforcement
C) Prosecution
D) Corrections
  • 17. The community pillar represents ____.
A) The police and military
B) Political leaders
C) People’s participation in crime prevention
D) Social workers only
  • 18. The system is called “interdependent” because ____.
A) Police control the courts
B) Community acts alone
C) Each pillar affects the others
D) Prosecutors are above judges
  • 19. The concept of justice means ____.
A) Protecting only the rich
B) Giving each person his or her due
C) Punishing everyone
D) Supporting criminals
  • 20. A criminal case proceeds from one pillar to another in a ____.
A) Sequential process
B) Political decision
C) Random order
D) Economic plan
  • 21. The main responsibility of law enforcement is to ____.
A) Prosecute offenders
B) Prevent and control crime
C) Reform inmates
D) Judge cases
  • 22. The first contact of a crime suspect with the system is through the ____.
A) Jail officer
B) Police
C) Judge
D) Prosecutor
  • 23. The Philippine National Police was created under ____.
A) . RA 4864
B) Republic Act 6975
C) RA 7438
D) RA 8551
  • 24. The PNP is under which government department?
A) Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG)
B) Office of the President
C) Department of Defense
D) Department of Justice
  • 25. The PNP was reorganized under ____.
A) RA 8551 (PNP Reform and Reorganization Act of 1998)
B) RA 9165
C) RA 7438
D) RA 6975
  • 26. The chief of the PNP holds the rank of ____.
A) Police Colonel
B) Police Director
C) Chief Superintendent
D) Police General
  • 27. The power of arrest without warrant is allowed when ____.
A) The judge orders it
B) The crime is committed in the officer’s presence
C) The suspect is at home
D) The prosecutor requests it
  • 28. The Miranda Doctrine protects the suspect’s right to ____.
A) Leave the country
B) Remain silent and have counsel
C) Escape arrest
D) Confess freely
  • 29. The law that defines the rights of persons arrested or under custodial investigation is ____.
A) RA 7438
B) RA 6975
C) RA 8551
D) RA 9745
  • 30. The term “law enforcement” means ____.
A) Application of the law by authorized officers
B) Court interpretation
C) Creation of laws
D) Correctional management
  • 31. The Integrated National Police and the Philippine Constabulary were merged into the PNP in ____.
A) 1995
B) 1991
C) 2000
D) 1987
  • 32. The PNP is civilian in character as provided in the ____.
A) 1987 Constitution
B) 1973 Constitution
C) Bill of Rights
D) 1935 Constitution
  • 33. The law that governs anti-illegal drugs operations is ____.
A) RA 8353
B) RA 3815
C) RA 9165
D) RA 6975
  • 34. The National Police Commission (NAPOLCOM) exercises ____.
A) Operational command
B) Administrative control and supervision over the PNP
C) Legislative power
D) Judicial power
  • 35. The community can assist police in crime prevention through ____.
A) Barangay tanods and volunteer groups
B) Vigilante groups
C) Private armies
D) Secret societies
  • 36. The crime prevention program involving cooperation of citizens is called ____.
A) Police militarization
B) Martial law
C) Community-oriented policing
D) Criminal profiling
  • 37. The PNP motto is ____.
A) “To Serve and Protect
B) “Law and Order”
C) “Honor and Duty”
D) “Peace and Prosperity
  • 38. Police visibility aims to ____.
A) Increase fines
B) Improve politics
C) Deter the commission of crime
D) Train prosecutors
  • 39. A police blotter is used to record ____.
A) Prison escapes
B) Prosecution records
C) Court decisions
D) Crimes and incidents reported
  • 40. The PNP Internal Affairs Service (IAS) ensures ____.
A) Integrity and discipline within the police force
B) Amnesty
C) Promotions
D) Rewards
  • 41. The primary function of the prosecution pillar is to ____.
A) Arrest suspects
B) Rehabilitate inmates
C) Determine probable cause and file cases in court
D) Judge offenders
  • 42. Prosecutors are under which government department?
A) Supreme Court
B) Department of Justice (DOJ)
C) DILG
D) CHR
  • 43. The DOJ is headed by the ____.
A) Ombudsman
B) Solicitor General
C) Chief Justice
D) Secretary of Justice
  • 44. Preliminary investigation is conducted to ____.
A) File civil suits
B) Execute arrest
C) Sentence offenders
D) Determine probable cause
  • 45. The National Prosecution Service is under the ____.
A) Supreme Court
B) DILG
C) Senate
D) Department of Justice
  • 46. The Ombudsman investigates ____.
A) Military officers
B) Police trainees
C) Private citizens
D) Public officials accused of crimes
  • 47. The fiscal is another term for ____.
A) Judge
B) Public prosecutor
C) Defense attorney
D) Police officer
  • 48. Probable cause means ____.
A) Complete proof of guilt
B) Reasonable grounds to believe a crime was committed
C) Hearsay evidence
D) Political motive
  • 49. The resolution after a preliminary investigation is submitted to the ____.
A) Prison
B) Court
C) Community
D) Police
  • 50. The prosecution represents the ____.
A) Complainant only
B) Accused
C) State or People of the Philippines
D) Private sector
  • 51. The main function of the Judiciary is to ____.
A) Make laws
B) Enforce the law
C) Punish police officers
D) Interpret the law and render justice
  • 52. The highest court in the Philippines is the ____.
A) Regional Trial Court
B) Court of Appeals
C) Supreme Court
D) Sandiganbayan
  • 53. The Supreme Court is composed of ____.
A) One Chief Justice and Ten Associate Justices
B) Fifteen Associate Justices
C) One Chief Justice and Fourteen Associate Justices
D) Ten Justices
  • 54. The power of judicial review means the court can ____.
A) Execute laws
B) Make new laws
C) Declare a law unconstitutional
D) Amend the Constitution
  • 55. The Constitution that established the present judiciary structure is the ____.
A) 1987 Constitution
B) 1946 Constitution
C) 1973 Constitution
D) 1935 Constitution
  • 56. The special court for government corruption cases is the ____.
A) Ombudsman
B) Court of Appeals
C) Sandiganbayan
D) Civil Service Commission
  • 57. The People of the Philippines is always the ____.
A) Accused
B) Respondent
C) Defendant
D) Complainant or plaintiff in criminal cases
  • 58. The regular trial courts in the Philippines include the ____.
A) Court of Tax Appeals
B) Sandiganbayan
C) Regional Trial Courts (RTCs)
D) Barangay Courts
  • 59. The lowest courts in the judicial hierarchy are the ____.
A) Regional Trial Courts
B) Municipal Trial Courts (MTCs)
C) Supreme Court
D) Court of Appeals
  • 60. The Court of Appeals primarily handles ____.
A) Appeals from lower courts
B) Police cases
C) Barangay disputes
D) Administrative cases only
  • 61. The Family Courts handle cases involving ____.
A) Tax disputes
B) Labor cases
C) Traffic violations
D) Juveniles and family-related offenses
  • 62. The constitutional right to a fair trial means ____.
A) Political influence
B) Closed-door session
C) Fast conviction
D) Impartial hearing with due process
  • 63. A person cannot be convicted without ____.
A) Proof beyond reasonable doubt
B) A confession
C) Media coverage
D) Police testimony alone
  • 64. The presumption of innocence remains until ____.
A) Interrogated
B) Proven guilty in court
C) Arrested by police
D) Charged by the prosecutor
  • 65. The Judiciary is independent to ensure ____.
A) Law enforcement power
B) Political loyalty
C) Fair and impartial justice
D) Government funding
  • 66. Judicial power includes ____.
A) Appointing prosecutors
B) Making new laws
C) Settling controversies involving rights
D) Controlling the police
  • 67. The doctrine that a case once decided cannot be reopened is called ____.
A) Stare decisis
B) Habeas corpus
C) Res judicata
D) Locus standi
  • 68. The Latin phrase “stare decisis” means ____.
A) To delay decision
B) To retry an accused
C) To dismiss a case
D) To stand by decided cases
  • 69. A person deprived of liberty may file a petition for ____.
A) Writ of Habeas Corpus
B) Writ of Execution
C) Writ of Attachment
D) Writ of Amparo
  • 70. The Writ of Amparo protects citizens against ____.
A) Deportation
B) Threats to life, liberty, and security
C) Arrest for crime
D) Property seizure
  • 71. The main purpose of the Corrections Pillar is to ____.
A) Eliminate criminals
B) Rehabilitate offenders and prepare them for reintegration
C) Enforce the law
D) Punish offenders cruelly
  • 72. The Bureau of Corrections (BuCor) operates under the ____.
A) Supreme Court
B) NAPOLCOM
C) Department of Justice (DOJ)
D) DILG
  • 73. The Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) is under the ____.
A) DOJ
B) Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG)
C) CHR
D) DSWD
  • 74. Prisons are managed by ____.
A) Bureau of Corrections (BuCor)
B) BJMP
C) CHR
D) PNP
  • 75. Jails are managed by ____.
A) DSWD
B) Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP)
C) BuCor
D) AFP
  • 76. The primary correctional institution for national prisoners is the ____.
A) Davao Penal Colony
B) New Bilibid Prison
C) Iwahig Penal Colony
D) Correctional Institution for Women
  • 77. Prisoners serving less than 3 years are usually confined in ____.
A) Jails
B) Rehabilitation centers
C) Prisons
D) Penal colonies
  • 78. The concept of “reformation” means ____.
A) Torturing offenders
B) Changing offender behavior to conform to law
C) Isolating prisoners forever
D) Using fear to control inmates
  • 79. Parole is granted to prisoners who ____.
A) Are under trial
B) Are minors
C) Are politically connected
D) Show good behavior after serving part of the sentence
  • 80. Probation is an alternative to ____.
A) Bail
B) Imprisonment
C) Appeal
D) Fine
  • 81. The law creating the Probation System in the Philippines is ____.
A) Presidential Decree 968
B) RA 6975
C) RA 7438
D) RA 10575
  • 82. The Parole and Probation Administration (PPA) operates under the ____.
A) DILG
B) CSC
C) Department of Justice (DOJ)
D) Supreme Court
  • 83. The term “corrections” was first used to replace ____.
A) Criminology
B) Police science
C) Penology
D) Criminalistics
  • 84. Prisoner rehabilitation aims to ____.
A) Encourage revenge
B) Restore offender’s moral and social values
C) Promote fear
D) Increase punishment
  • 85. Community-based corrections include ____.
A) Life sentence
B) Death penalty
C) Imprisonment
D) Parole, Probation, and Pardon
  • 86. The community is considered the ____ pillar of the CJS.
A) First
B) Fifth
C) Third
D) Fourth
  • 87. The main role of the community is to ____.
A) Punish offenders
B) Support rehabilitation and crime prevention programs
C) Control courts
D) Replace police
  • 88. The Barangay Justice System is created under ____.
A) RA 8551
B) Katarungang Pambarangay Law (RA 7160)
C) RA 7438
D) RA 6975
  • 89. The head of the Barangay Justice System is the ____.
A) Barangay Kagawad
B) Barangay Secretary
C) Chief Tanod
D) Barangay Captain (Punong Barangay)
  • 90. The primary purpose of the Barangay Justice System is ____.
A) Fine collection
B) Political control
C) Imprisonment
D) Amicable settlement of disputes
  • 91. The community pillar emphasizes ____.
A) Political power
B) Citizen participation in crime prevention
C) Judicial independence
D) Police operations
  • 92. The Human Rights Commission (CHR) was established under ____.
A) RA 6975
B) 1987 Constitution, Article XIII
C) RA 7438
D) 1973 Constitution
  • 93. The term “Restorative Justice” focuses on ____.
A) Ignoring the victim
B) Punishing the criminal harshly
C) Repairing harm between offender, victim, and community
D) Isolating offenders
  • 94. The Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act is ____.
A) RA 7438
B) RA 9165
C) Republic Act 9344
D) RA 8551
  • 95. The age of criminal responsibility under RA 9344 is ____.
A) 15 years old and below
B) 18 years old
C) 16 years old
D) 12 years old
  • 96. Children in conflict with the law (CICL) are handled by ____.
A) BuCor
B) BJMP
C) Police stations only
D) DSWD and Bahay Pag-asa Centers
  • 97. Community-based programs aim to ____.
A) Detain more prisoners
B) Reintegrate offenders into society
C) Militarize barangays
D) Punish juveniles
  • 98. The success of the Criminal Justice System depends on ____.
A) Court decisions only
B) Cooperation among all five pillars
C) Police power alone
D) Punishment severity
  • 99. Crime prevention becomes effective when ____.
A) Citizens actively participate with law enforcers
B) Punishment is harsh
C) Government acts alone
D) Police act secretly
  • 100. The Criminal Justice System functions best when ____.
A) Laws favor the powerful
B) Citizens fear the police
C) Offenders are tortured
D) Justice is fair, swift, and humane
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