(CLJ 1) INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILIPPINE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM (IPCJS)
  • 1. The Criminal Justice System refers to the network of institutions that ____.
A) Punish offenders only
B) Prevent and control crime
C) Encourage deviance
D) Protect criminals
  • 2. The term “Criminal Justice System” emphasizes ____.
A) Interdependence of institutions
B) Police dominance
C) Political control
D) Judicial supremacy
  • 3. The ultimate goal of the Criminal Justice System is ____.
A) Economic development
B) Political stability
C) Public safety and order
D) Legal education
  • 4. How many pillars make up the Philippine Criminal Justice System?
A) Three
B) Four
C) Six
D) Five
  • 5. The first pillar of the Criminal Justice System is ____.
A) Law enforcement
B) Corrections
C) Prosecution
D) Courts
  • 6. The second pillar of the Criminal Justice System is ____.
A) Law enforcement
B) Community
C) Corrections
D) Prosecution
  • 7. The third pillar of the Criminal Justice System is ____.
A) Law enforcement
B) Corrections
C) Community
D) Courts or Judiciary
  • 8. The fourth pillar of the Criminal Justice System is ____.
A) Judiciary
B) Corrections
C) Prosecution
D) Law enforcement
  • 9. The fifth pillar of the Criminal Justice System is ____.
A) Judiciary
B) Law enforcement
C) Community
D) Prosecution
  • 10. The Criminal Justice System is a mechanism for ____.
A) Media management
B) Economic growth
C) Maintaining peace and order
D) Political control
  • 11. The Criminal Justice System starts functioning when ____.
A) The prosecutor files a case
B) The judge issues a warrant
C) A person is arrested
D) A crime is committed and reported
  • 12. Which is NOT a component of the Criminal Justice System?
A) Law enforcement
B) Prosecution
C) Judiciary
D) Legislative branch
  • 13. The police are under which pillar of the system?
A) Judiciary
B) Prosecution
C) Law enforcement
D) Community
  • 14. The fiscal or public prosecutor belongs to which pillar?
A) Law enforcement
B) Prosecution
C) Judiciary
D) Corrections
  • 15. Judges and courts are part of which pillar?
A) Judiciary
B) Prosecution
C) Law enforcement
D) Corrections
  • 16. Jails and prisons are under which pillar?
A) Prosecution
B) Law enforcement
C) Judiciary
D) Corrections
  • 17. The community pillar represents ____.
A) People’s participation in crime prevention
B) Political leaders
C) Social workers only
D) The police and military
  • 18. The system is called “interdependent” because ____.
A) Each pillar affects the others
B) Community acts alone
C) Prosecutors are above judges
D) Police control the courts
  • 19. The concept of justice means ____.
A) Giving each person his or her due
B) Punishing everyone
C) Supporting criminals
D) Protecting only the rich
  • 20. A criminal case proceeds from one pillar to another in a ____.
A) Sequential process
B) Economic plan
C) Political decision
D) Random order
  • 21. The main responsibility of law enforcement is to ____.
A) Judge cases
B) Prevent and control crime
C) Prosecute offenders
D) Reform inmates
  • 22. The first contact of a crime suspect with the system is through the ____.
A) Police
B) Jail officer
C) Judge
D) Prosecutor
  • 23. The Philippine National Police was created under ____.
A) RA 7438
B) RA 8551
C) Republic Act 6975
D) . RA 4864
  • 24. The PNP is under which government department?
A) Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG)
B) Office of the President
C) Department of Defense
D) Department of Justice
  • 25. The PNP was reorganized under ____.
A) RA 6975
B) RA 7438
C) RA 8551 (PNP Reform and Reorganization Act of 1998)
D) RA 9165
  • 26. The chief of the PNP holds the rank of ____.
A) Chief Superintendent
B) Police Colonel
C) Police General
D) Police Director
  • 27. The power of arrest without warrant is allowed when ____.
A) The crime is committed in the officer’s presence
B) The judge orders it
C) The suspect is at home
D) The prosecutor requests it
  • 28. The Miranda Doctrine protects the suspect’s right to ____.
A) Escape arrest
B) Confess freely
C) Remain silent and have counsel
D) Leave the country
  • 29. The law that defines the rights of persons arrested or under custodial investigation is ____.
A) RA 7438
B) RA 8551
C) RA 9745
D) RA 6975
  • 30. The term “law enforcement” means ____.
A) Court interpretation
B) Correctional management
C) Creation of laws
D) Application of the law by authorized officers
  • 31. The Integrated National Police and the Philippine Constabulary were merged into the PNP in ____.
A) 1995
B) 1987
C) 2000
D) 1991
  • 32. The PNP is civilian in character as provided in the ____.
A) 1973 Constitution
B) 1935 Constitution
C) Bill of Rights
D) 1987 Constitution
  • 33. The law that governs anti-illegal drugs operations is ____.
A) RA 8353
B) RA 3815
C) RA 6975
D) RA 9165
  • 34. The National Police Commission (NAPOLCOM) exercises ____.
A) Operational command
B) Administrative control and supervision over the PNP
C) Judicial power
D) Legislative power
  • 35. The community can assist police in crime prevention through ____.
A) Barangay tanods and volunteer groups
B) Secret societies
C) Private armies
D) Vigilante groups
  • 36. The crime prevention program involving cooperation of citizens is called ____.
A) Community-oriented policing
B) Police militarization
C) Martial law
D) Criminal profiling
  • 37. The PNP motto is ____.
A) “To Serve and Protect
B) “Peace and Prosperity
C) “Honor and Duty”
D) “Law and Order”
  • 38. Police visibility aims to ____.
A) Deter the commission of crime
B) Improve politics
C) Increase fines
D) Train prosecutors
  • 39. A police blotter is used to record ____.
A) Prison escapes
B) Court decisions
C) Prosecution records
D) Crimes and incidents reported
  • 40. The PNP Internal Affairs Service (IAS) ensures ____.
A) Promotions
B) Integrity and discipline within the police force
C) Rewards
D) Amnesty
  • 41. The primary function of the prosecution pillar is to ____.
A) Arrest suspects
B) Judge offenders
C) Rehabilitate inmates
D) Determine probable cause and file cases in court
  • 42. Prosecutors are under which government department?
A) Supreme Court
B) DILG
C) CHR
D) Department of Justice (DOJ)
  • 43. The DOJ is headed by the ____.
A) Secretary of Justice
B) Chief Justice
C) Ombudsman
D) Solicitor General
  • 44. Preliminary investigation is conducted to ____.
A) Sentence offenders
B) Execute arrest
C) Determine probable cause
D) File civil suits
  • 45. The National Prosecution Service is under the ____.
A) Senate
B) DILG
C) Department of Justice
D) Supreme Court
  • 46. The Ombudsman investigates ____.
A) Police trainees
B) Public officials accused of crimes
C) Private citizens
D) Military officers
  • 47. The fiscal is another term for ____.
A) Judge
B) Defense attorney
C) Police officer
D) Public prosecutor
  • 48. Probable cause means ____.
A) Complete proof of guilt
B) Reasonable grounds to believe a crime was committed
C) Hearsay evidence
D) Political motive
  • 49. The resolution after a preliminary investigation is submitted to the ____.
A) Community
B) Court
C) Police
D) Prison
  • 50. The prosecution represents the ____.
A) Private sector
B) State or People of the Philippines
C) Accused
D) Complainant only
  • 51. The main function of the Judiciary is to ____.
A) Punish police officers
B) Make laws
C) Enforce the law
D) Interpret the law and render justice
  • 52. The highest court in the Philippines is the ____.
A) Court of Appeals
B) Supreme Court
C) Sandiganbayan
D) Regional Trial Court
  • 53. The Supreme Court is composed of ____.
A) Ten Justices
B) Fifteen Associate Justices
C) One Chief Justice and Fourteen Associate Justices
D) One Chief Justice and Ten Associate Justices
  • 54. The power of judicial review means the court can ____.
A) Amend the Constitution
B) Make new laws
C) Declare a law unconstitutional
D) Execute laws
  • 55. The Constitution that established the present judiciary structure is the ____.
A) 1935 Constitution
B) 1973 Constitution
C) 1946 Constitution
D) 1987 Constitution
  • 56. The special court for government corruption cases is the ____.
A) Court of Appeals
B) Sandiganbayan
C) Ombudsman
D) Civil Service Commission
  • 57. The People of the Philippines is always the ____.
A) Respondent
B) Defendant
C) Accused
D) Complainant or plaintiff in criminal cases
  • 58. The regular trial courts in the Philippines include the ____.
A) Sandiganbayan
B) Court of Tax Appeals
C) Regional Trial Courts (RTCs)
D) Barangay Courts
  • 59. The lowest courts in the judicial hierarchy are the ____.
A) Court of Appeals
B) Supreme Court
C) Municipal Trial Courts (MTCs)
D) Regional Trial Courts
  • 60. The Court of Appeals primarily handles ____.
A) Appeals from lower courts
B) Administrative cases only
C) Police cases
D) Barangay disputes
  • 61. The Family Courts handle cases involving ____.
A) Traffic violations
B) Juveniles and family-related offenses
C) Labor cases
D) Tax disputes
  • 62. The constitutional right to a fair trial means ____.
A) Political influence
B) Closed-door session
C) Impartial hearing with due process
D) Fast conviction
  • 63. A person cannot be convicted without ____.
A) A confession
B) Police testimony alone
C) Media coverage
D) Proof beyond reasonable doubt
  • 64. The presumption of innocence remains until ____.
A) Proven guilty in court
B) Charged by the prosecutor
C) Interrogated
D) Arrested by police
  • 65. The Judiciary is independent to ensure ____.
A) Political loyalty
B) Fair and impartial justice
C) Government funding
D) Law enforcement power
  • 66. Judicial power includes ____.
A) Controlling the police
B) Making new laws
C) Appointing prosecutors
D) Settling controversies involving rights
  • 67. The doctrine that a case once decided cannot be reopened is called ____.
A) Locus standi
B) Habeas corpus
C) Stare decisis
D) Res judicata
  • 68. The Latin phrase “stare decisis” means ____.
A) To delay decision
B) To stand by decided cases
C) To retry an accused
D) To dismiss a case
  • 69. A person deprived of liberty may file a petition for ____.
A) Writ of Amparo
B) Writ of Attachment
C) Writ of Habeas Corpus
D) Writ of Execution
  • 70. The Writ of Amparo protects citizens against ____.
A) Property seizure
B) Arrest for crime
C) Deportation
D) Threats to life, liberty, and security
  • 71. The main purpose of the Corrections Pillar is to ____.
A) Rehabilitate offenders and prepare them for reintegration
B) Eliminate criminals
C) Enforce the law
D) Punish offenders cruelly
  • 72. The Bureau of Corrections (BuCor) operates under the ____.
A) DILG
B) Supreme Court
C) Department of Justice (DOJ)
D) NAPOLCOM
  • 73. The Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) is under the ____.
A) Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG)
B) DOJ
C) DSWD
D) CHR
  • 74. Prisons are managed by ____.
A) CHR
B) PNP
C) BJMP
D) Bureau of Corrections (BuCor)
  • 75. Jails are managed by ____.
A) BuCor
B) Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP)
C) DSWD
D) AFP
  • 76. The primary correctional institution for national prisoners is the ____.
A) Davao Penal Colony
B) Iwahig Penal Colony
C) Correctional Institution for Women
D) New Bilibid Prison
  • 77. Prisoners serving less than 3 years are usually confined in ____.
A) Rehabilitation centers
B) Penal colonies
C) Jails
D) Prisons
  • 78. The concept of “reformation” means ____.
A) Isolating prisoners forever
B) Using fear to control inmates
C) Changing offender behavior to conform to law
D) Torturing offenders
  • 79. Parole is granted to prisoners who ____.
A) Are under trial
B) Show good behavior after serving part of the sentence
C) Are politically connected
D) Are minors
  • 80. Probation is an alternative to ____.
A) Fine
B) Appeal
C) Bail
D) Imprisonment
  • 81. The law creating the Probation System in the Philippines is ____.
A) Presidential Decree 968
B) RA 7438
C) RA 10575
D) RA 6975
  • 82. The Parole and Probation Administration (PPA) operates under the ____.
A) Supreme Court
B) Department of Justice (DOJ)
C) DILG
D) CSC
  • 83. The term “corrections” was first used to replace ____.
A) Criminalistics
B) Criminology
C) Police science
D) Penology
  • 84. Prisoner rehabilitation aims to ____.
A) Encourage revenge
B) Restore offender’s moral and social values
C) Increase punishment
D) Promote fear
  • 85. Community-based corrections include ____.
A) Parole, Probation, and Pardon
B) Imprisonment
C) Life sentence
D) Death penalty
  • 86. The community is considered the ____ pillar of the CJS.
A) Fifth
B) Fourth
C) First
D) Third
  • 87. The main role of the community is to ____.
A) Replace police
B) Support rehabilitation and crime prevention programs
C) Punish offenders
D) Control courts
  • 88. The Barangay Justice System is created under ____.
A) RA 6975
B) Katarungang Pambarangay Law (RA 7160)
C) RA 7438
D) RA 8551
  • 89. The head of the Barangay Justice System is the ____.
A) Barangay Kagawad
B) Barangay Secretary
C) Chief Tanod
D) Barangay Captain (Punong Barangay)
  • 90. The primary purpose of the Barangay Justice System is ____.
A) Amicable settlement of disputes
B) Fine collection
C) Imprisonment
D) Political control
  • 91. The community pillar emphasizes ____.
A) Police operations
B) Political power
C) Judicial independence
D) Citizen participation in crime prevention
  • 92. The Human Rights Commission (CHR) was established under ____.
A) RA 7438
B) RA 6975
C) 1987 Constitution, Article XIII
D) 1973 Constitution
  • 93. The term “Restorative Justice” focuses on ____.
A) Isolating offenders
B) Ignoring the victim
C) Punishing the criminal harshly
D) Repairing harm between offender, victim, and community
  • 94. The Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act is ____.
A) RA 7438
B) RA 9165
C) Republic Act 9344
D) RA 8551
  • 95. The age of criminal responsibility under RA 9344 is ____.
A) 18 years old
B) 16 years old
C) 15 years old and below
D) 12 years old
  • 96. Children in conflict with the law (CICL) are handled by ____.
A) DSWD and Bahay Pag-asa Centers
B) Police stations only
C) BJMP
D) BuCor
  • 97. Community-based programs aim to ____.
A) Militarize barangays
B) Reintegrate offenders into society
C) Detain more prisoners
D) Punish juveniles
  • 98. The success of the Criminal Justice System depends on ____.
A) Police power alone
B) Court decisions only
C) Punishment severity
D) Cooperation among all five pillars
  • 99. Crime prevention becomes effective when ____.
A) Police act secretly
B) Government acts alone
C) Citizens actively participate with law enforcers
D) Punishment is harsh
  • 100. The Criminal Justice System functions best when ____.
A) Citizens fear the police
B) Justice is fair, swift, and humane
C) Laws favor the powerful
D) Offenders are tortured
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