(CLJ 1) INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILIPPINE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM (IPCJS)
  • 1. The Criminal Justice System refers to the network of institutions that ____.
A) Prevent and control crime
B) Protect criminals
C) Encourage deviance
D) Punish offenders only
  • 2. The term “Criminal Justice System” emphasizes ____.
A) Interdependence of institutions
B) Police dominance
C) Judicial supremacy
D) Political control
  • 3. The ultimate goal of the Criminal Justice System is ____.
A) Political stability
B) Public safety and order
C) Legal education
D) Economic development
  • 4. How many pillars make up the Philippine Criminal Justice System?
A) Six
B) Three
C) Four
D) Five
  • 5. The first pillar of the Criminal Justice System is ____.
A) Corrections
B) Law enforcement
C) Courts
D) Prosecution
  • 6. The second pillar of the Criminal Justice System is ____.
A) Law enforcement
B) Corrections
C) Prosecution
D) Community
  • 7. The third pillar of the Criminal Justice System is ____.
A) Courts or Judiciary
B) Corrections
C) Community
D) Law enforcement
  • 8. The fourth pillar of the Criminal Justice System is ____.
A) Judiciary
B) Prosecution
C) Corrections
D) Law enforcement
  • 9. The fifth pillar of the Criminal Justice System is ____.
A) Prosecution
B) Judiciary
C) Community
D) Law enforcement
  • 10. The Criminal Justice System is a mechanism for ____.
A) Media management
B) Maintaining peace and order
C) Economic growth
D) Political control
  • 11. The Criminal Justice System starts functioning when ____.
A) A crime is committed and reported
B) The judge issues a warrant
C) A person is arrested
D) The prosecutor files a case
  • 12. Which is NOT a component of the Criminal Justice System?
A) Prosecution
B) Judiciary
C) Law enforcement
D) Legislative branch
  • 13. The police are under which pillar of the system?
A) Judiciary
B) Law enforcement
C) Community
D) Prosecution
  • 14. The fiscal or public prosecutor belongs to which pillar?
A) Law enforcement
B) Corrections
C) Judiciary
D) Prosecution
  • 15. Judges and courts are part of which pillar?
A) Corrections
B) Judiciary
C) Prosecution
D) Law enforcement
  • 16. Jails and prisons are under which pillar?
A) Judiciary
B) Corrections
C) Law enforcement
D) Prosecution
  • 17. The community pillar represents ____.
A) Political leaders
B) Social workers only
C) People’s participation in crime prevention
D) The police and military
  • 18. The system is called “interdependent” because ____.
A) Community acts alone
B) Prosecutors are above judges
C) Each pillar affects the others
D) Police control the courts
  • 19. The concept of justice means ____.
A) Supporting criminals
B) Protecting only the rich
C) Punishing everyone
D) Giving each person his or her due
  • 20. A criminal case proceeds from one pillar to another in a ____.
A) Economic plan
B) Random order
C) Political decision
D) Sequential process
  • 21. The main responsibility of law enforcement is to ____.
A) Judge cases
B) Prosecute offenders
C) Reform inmates
D) Prevent and control crime
  • 22. The first contact of a crime suspect with the system is through the ____.
A) Jail officer
B) Police
C) Judge
D) Prosecutor
  • 23. The Philippine National Police was created under ____.
A) RA 7438
B) . RA 4864
C) RA 8551
D) Republic Act 6975
  • 24. The PNP is under which government department?
A) Office of the President
B) Department of Defense
C) Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG)
D) Department of Justice
  • 25. The PNP was reorganized under ____.
A) RA 6975
B) RA 9165
C) RA 7438
D) RA 8551 (PNP Reform and Reorganization Act of 1998)
  • 26. The chief of the PNP holds the rank of ____.
A) Chief Superintendent
B) Police Colonel
C) Police General
D) Police Director
  • 27. The power of arrest without warrant is allowed when ____.
A) The prosecutor requests it
B) The suspect is at home
C) The judge orders it
D) The crime is committed in the officer’s presence
  • 28. The Miranda Doctrine protects the suspect’s right to ____.
A) Escape arrest
B) Leave the country
C) Confess freely
D) Remain silent and have counsel
  • 29. The law that defines the rights of persons arrested or under custodial investigation is ____.
A) RA 6975
B) RA 7438
C) RA 9745
D) RA 8551
  • 30. The term “law enforcement” means ____.
A) Application of the law by authorized officers
B) Correctional management
C) Creation of laws
D) Court interpretation
  • 31. The Integrated National Police and the Philippine Constabulary were merged into the PNP in ____.
A) 1991
B) 1995
C) 2000
D) 1987
  • 32. The PNP is civilian in character as provided in the ____.
A) Bill of Rights
B) 1973 Constitution
C) 1935 Constitution
D) 1987 Constitution
  • 33. The law that governs anti-illegal drugs operations is ____.
A) RA 3815
B) RA 9165
C) RA 6975
D) RA 8353
  • 34. The National Police Commission (NAPOLCOM) exercises ____.
A) Judicial power
B) Legislative power
C) Administrative control and supervision over the PNP
D) Operational command
  • 35. The community can assist police in crime prevention through ____.
A) Private armies
B) Secret societies
C) Barangay tanods and volunteer groups
D) Vigilante groups
  • 36. The crime prevention program involving cooperation of citizens is called ____.
A) Police militarization
B) Community-oriented policing
C) Criminal profiling
D) Martial law
  • 37. The PNP motto is ____.
A) “To Serve and Protect
B) “Law and Order”
C) “Honor and Duty”
D) “Peace and Prosperity
  • 38. Police visibility aims to ____.
A) Improve politics
B) Deter the commission of crime
C) Increase fines
D) Train prosecutors
  • 39. A police blotter is used to record ____.
A) Crimes and incidents reported
B) Court decisions
C) Prison escapes
D) Prosecution records
  • 40. The PNP Internal Affairs Service (IAS) ensures ____.
A) Promotions
B) Rewards
C) Amnesty
D) Integrity and discipline within the police force
  • 41. The primary function of the prosecution pillar is to ____.
A) Determine probable cause and file cases in court
B) Rehabilitate inmates
C) Judge offenders
D) Arrest suspects
  • 42. Prosecutors are under which government department?
A) Department of Justice (DOJ)
B) CHR
C) DILG
D) Supreme Court
  • 43. The DOJ is headed by the ____.
A) Ombudsman
B) Secretary of Justice
C) Chief Justice
D) Solicitor General
  • 44. Preliminary investigation is conducted to ____.
A) Determine probable cause
B) File civil suits
C) Sentence offenders
D) Execute arrest
  • 45. The National Prosecution Service is under the ____.
A) DILG
B) Senate
C) Supreme Court
D) Department of Justice
  • 46. The Ombudsman investigates ____.
A) Police trainees
B) Private citizens
C) Public officials accused of crimes
D) Military officers
  • 47. The fiscal is another term for ____.
A) Police officer
B) Defense attorney
C) Public prosecutor
D) Judge
  • 48. Probable cause means ____.
A) Hearsay evidence
B) Complete proof of guilt
C) Political motive
D) Reasonable grounds to believe a crime was committed
  • 49. The resolution after a preliminary investigation is submitted to the ____.
A) Court
B) Community
C) Police
D) Prison
  • 50. The prosecution represents the ____.
A) Private sector
B) Complainant only
C) Accused
D) State or People of the Philippines
  • 51. The main function of the Judiciary is to ____.
A) Punish police officers
B) Interpret the law and render justice
C) Enforce the law
D) Make laws
  • 52. The highest court in the Philippines is the ____.
A) Sandiganbayan
B) Regional Trial Court
C) Supreme Court
D) Court of Appeals
  • 53. The Supreme Court is composed of ____.
A) One Chief Justice and Ten Associate Justices
B) Ten Justices
C) One Chief Justice and Fourteen Associate Justices
D) Fifteen Associate Justices
  • 54. The power of judicial review means the court can ____.
A) Declare a law unconstitutional
B) Amend the Constitution
C) Execute laws
D) Make new laws
  • 55. The Constitution that established the present judiciary structure is the ____.
A) 1946 Constitution
B) 1935 Constitution
C) 1973 Constitution
D) 1987 Constitution
  • 56. The special court for government corruption cases is the ____.
A) Court of Appeals
B) Ombudsman
C) Civil Service Commission
D) Sandiganbayan
  • 57. The People of the Philippines is always the ____.
A) Defendant
B) Complainant or plaintiff in criminal cases
C) Respondent
D) Accused
  • 58. The regular trial courts in the Philippines include the ____.
A) Court of Tax Appeals
B) Barangay Courts
C) Sandiganbayan
D) Regional Trial Courts (RTCs)
  • 59. The lowest courts in the judicial hierarchy are the ____.
A) Court of Appeals
B) Municipal Trial Courts (MTCs)
C) Supreme Court
D) Regional Trial Courts
  • 60. The Court of Appeals primarily handles ____.
A) Police cases
B) Administrative cases only
C) Appeals from lower courts
D) Barangay disputes
  • 61. The Family Courts handle cases involving ____.
A) Juveniles and family-related offenses
B) Traffic violations
C) Labor cases
D) Tax disputes
  • 62. The constitutional right to a fair trial means ____.
A) Impartial hearing with due process
B) Closed-door session
C) Fast conviction
D) Political influence
  • 63. A person cannot be convicted without ____.
A) Police testimony alone
B) A confession
C) Proof beyond reasonable doubt
D) Media coverage
  • 64. The presumption of innocence remains until ____.
A) Arrested by police
B) Interrogated
C) Proven guilty in court
D) Charged by the prosecutor
  • 65. The Judiciary is independent to ensure ____.
A) Political loyalty
B) Law enforcement power
C) Fair and impartial justice
D) Government funding
  • 66. Judicial power includes ____.
A) Settling controversies involving rights
B) Controlling the police
C) Making new laws
D) Appointing prosecutors
  • 67. The doctrine that a case once decided cannot be reopened is called ____.
A) Res judicata
B) Habeas corpus
C) Stare decisis
D) Locus standi
  • 68. The Latin phrase “stare decisis” means ____.
A) To delay decision
B) To retry an accused
C) To stand by decided cases
D) To dismiss a case
  • 69. A person deprived of liberty may file a petition for ____.
A) Writ of Attachment
B) Writ of Habeas Corpus
C) Writ of Amparo
D) Writ of Execution
  • 70. The Writ of Amparo protects citizens against ____.
A) Arrest for crime
B) Deportation
C) Threats to life, liberty, and security
D) Property seizure
  • 71. The main purpose of the Corrections Pillar is to ____.
A) Rehabilitate offenders and prepare them for reintegration
B) Enforce the law
C) Eliminate criminals
D) Punish offenders cruelly
  • 72. The Bureau of Corrections (BuCor) operates under the ____.
A) DILG
B) Department of Justice (DOJ)
C) Supreme Court
D) NAPOLCOM
  • 73. The Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) is under the ____.
A) DOJ
B) CHR
C) DSWD
D) Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG)
  • 74. Prisons are managed by ____.
A) CHR
B) PNP
C) BJMP
D) Bureau of Corrections (BuCor)
  • 75. Jails are managed by ____.
A) BuCor
B) Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP)
C) DSWD
D) AFP
  • 76. The primary correctional institution for national prisoners is the ____.
A) Iwahig Penal Colony
B) Davao Penal Colony
C) Correctional Institution for Women
D) New Bilibid Prison
  • 77. Prisoners serving less than 3 years are usually confined in ____.
A) Prisons
B) Rehabilitation centers
C) Penal colonies
D) Jails
  • 78. The concept of “reformation” means ____.
A) Torturing offenders
B) Changing offender behavior to conform to law
C) Using fear to control inmates
D) Isolating prisoners forever
  • 79. Parole is granted to prisoners who ____.
A) Show good behavior after serving part of the sentence
B) Are minors
C) Are politically connected
D) Are under trial
  • 80. Probation is an alternative to ____.
A) Imprisonment
B) Bail
C) Appeal
D) Fine
  • 81. The law creating the Probation System in the Philippines is ____.
A) RA 7438
B) RA 6975
C) Presidential Decree 968
D) RA 10575
  • 82. The Parole and Probation Administration (PPA) operates under the ____.
A) CSC
B) Supreme Court
C) Department of Justice (DOJ)
D) DILG
  • 83. The term “corrections” was first used to replace ____.
A) Criminology
B) Police science
C) Penology
D) Criminalistics
  • 84. Prisoner rehabilitation aims to ____.
A) Encourage revenge
B) Increase punishment
C) Restore offender’s moral and social values
D) Promote fear
  • 85. Community-based corrections include ____.
A) Death penalty
B) Parole, Probation, and Pardon
C) Life sentence
D) Imprisonment
  • 86. The community is considered the ____ pillar of the CJS.
A) Fifth
B) Fourth
C) Third
D) First
  • 87. The main role of the community is to ____.
A) Punish offenders
B) Control courts
C) Support rehabilitation and crime prevention programs
D) Replace police
  • 88. The Barangay Justice System is created under ____.
A) RA 7438
B) RA 8551
C) RA 6975
D) Katarungang Pambarangay Law (RA 7160)
  • 89. The head of the Barangay Justice System is the ____.
A) Barangay Secretary
B) Chief Tanod
C) Barangay Kagawad
D) Barangay Captain (Punong Barangay)
  • 90. The primary purpose of the Barangay Justice System is ____.
A) Political control
B) Amicable settlement of disputes
C) Fine collection
D) Imprisonment
  • 91. The community pillar emphasizes ____.
A) Political power
B) Police operations
C) Citizen participation in crime prevention
D) Judicial independence
  • 92. The Human Rights Commission (CHR) was established under ____.
A) RA 6975
B) RA 7438
C) 1987 Constitution, Article XIII
D) 1973 Constitution
  • 93. The term “Restorative Justice” focuses on ____.
A) Isolating offenders
B) Repairing harm between offender, victim, and community
C) Ignoring the victim
D) Punishing the criminal harshly
  • 94. The Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act is ____.
A) RA 8551
B) Republic Act 9344
C) RA 9165
D) RA 7438
  • 95. The age of criminal responsibility under RA 9344 is ____.
A) 12 years old
B) 18 years old
C) 15 years old and below
D) 16 years old
  • 96. Children in conflict with the law (CICL) are handled by ____.
A) BJMP
B) Police stations only
C) BuCor
D) DSWD and Bahay Pag-asa Centers
  • 97. Community-based programs aim to ____.
A) Detain more prisoners
B) Punish juveniles
C) Militarize barangays
D) Reintegrate offenders into society
  • 98. The success of the Criminal Justice System depends on ____.
A) Court decisions only
B) Police power alone
C) Cooperation among all five pillars
D) Punishment severity
  • 99. Crime prevention becomes effective when ____.
A) Punishment is harsh
B) Police act secretly
C) Citizens actively participate with law enforcers
D) Government acts alone
  • 100. The Criminal Justice System functions best when ____.
A) Justice is fair, swift, and humane
B) Citizens fear the police
C) Offenders are tortured
D) Laws favor the powerful
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