(CLJ 1) INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILIPPINE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM (IPCJS)
  • 1. The Criminal Justice System refers to the network of institutions that ____.
A) Protect criminals
B) Punish offenders only
C) Prevent and control crime
D) Encourage deviance
  • 2. The term “Criminal Justice System” emphasizes ____.
A) Political control
B) Police dominance
C) Interdependence of institutions
D) Judicial supremacy
  • 3. The ultimate goal of the Criminal Justice System is ____.
A) Public safety and order
B) Economic development
C) Legal education
D) Political stability
  • 4. How many pillars make up the Philippine Criminal Justice System?
A) Five
B) Four
C) Three
D) Six
  • 5. The first pillar of the Criminal Justice System is ____.
A) Law enforcement
B) Prosecution
C) Corrections
D) Courts
  • 6. The second pillar of the Criminal Justice System is ____.
A) Law enforcement
B) Community
C) Corrections
D) Prosecution
  • 7. The third pillar of the Criminal Justice System is ____.
A) Law enforcement
B) Courts or Judiciary
C) Corrections
D) Community
  • 8. The fourth pillar of the Criminal Justice System is ____.
A) Prosecution
B) Law enforcement
C) Judiciary
D) Corrections
  • 9. The fifth pillar of the Criminal Justice System is ____.
A) Law enforcement
B) Prosecution
C) Community
D) Judiciary
  • 10. The Criminal Justice System is a mechanism for ____.
A) Economic growth
B) Political control
C) Maintaining peace and order
D) Media management
  • 11. The Criminal Justice System starts functioning when ____.
A) The judge issues a warrant
B) A person is arrested
C) The prosecutor files a case
D) A crime is committed and reported
  • 12. Which is NOT a component of the Criminal Justice System?
A) Legislative branch
B) Judiciary
C) Prosecution
D) Law enforcement
  • 13. The police are under which pillar of the system?
A) Prosecution
B) Judiciary
C) Law enforcement
D) Community
  • 14. The fiscal or public prosecutor belongs to which pillar?
A) Judiciary
B) Corrections
C) Law enforcement
D) Prosecution
  • 15. Judges and courts are part of which pillar?
A) Judiciary
B) Corrections
C) Law enforcement
D) Prosecution
  • 16. Jails and prisons are under which pillar?
A) Prosecution
B) Law enforcement
C) Corrections
D) Judiciary
  • 17. The community pillar represents ____.
A) People’s participation in crime prevention
B) Social workers only
C) Political leaders
D) The police and military
  • 18. The system is called “interdependent” because ____.
A) Each pillar affects the others
B) Community acts alone
C) Prosecutors are above judges
D) Police control the courts
  • 19. The concept of justice means ____.
A) Punishing everyone
B) Giving each person his or her due
C) Supporting criminals
D) Protecting only the rich
  • 20. A criminal case proceeds from one pillar to another in a ____.
A) Economic plan
B) Political decision
C) Sequential process
D) Random order
  • 21. The main responsibility of law enforcement is to ____.
A) Prosecute offenders
B) Prevent and control crime
C) Judge cases
D) Reform inmates
  • 22. The first contact of a crime suspect with the system is through the ____.
A) Judge
B) Jail officer
C) Prosecutor
D) Police
  • 23. The Philippine National Police was created under ____.
A) RA 7438
B) RA 8551
C) Republic Act 6975
D) . RA 4864
  • 24. The PNP is under which government department?
A) Department of Defense
B) Department of Justice
C) Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG)
D) Office of the President
  • 25. The PNP was reorganized under ____.
A) RA 9165
B) RA 7438
C) RA 6975
D) RA 8551 (PNP Reform and Reorganization Act of 1998)
  • 26. The chief of the PNP holds the rank of ____.
A) Chief Superintendent
B) Police Director
C) Police Colonel
D) Police General
  • 27. The power of arrest without warrant is allowed when ____.
A) The crime is committed in the officer’s presence
B) The judge orders it
C) The suspect is at home
D) The prosecutor requests it
  • 28. The Miranda Doctrine protects the suspect’s right to ____.
A) Leave the country
B) Confess freely
C) Remain silent and have counsel
D) Escape arrest
  • 29. The law that defines the rights of persons arrested or under custodial investigation is ____.
A) RA 8551
B) RA 9745
C) RA 6975
D) RA 7438
  • 30. The term “law enforcement” means ____.
A) Application of the law by authorized officers
B) Creation of laws
C) Correctional management
D) Court interpretation
  • 31. The Integrated National Police and the Philippine Constabulary were merged into the PNP in ____.
A) 1991
B) 1995
C) 1987
D) 2000
  • 32. The PNP is civilian in character as provided in the ____.
A) 1987 Constitution
B) 1935 Constitution
C) Bill of Rights
D) 1973 Constitution
  • 33. The law that governs anti-illegal drugs operations is ____.
A) RA 3815
B) RA 8353
C) RA 6975
D) RA 9165
  • 34. The National Police Commission (NAPOLCOM) exercises ____.
A) Judicial power
B) Legislative power
C) Operational command
D) Administrative control and supervision over the PNP
  • 35. The community can assist police in crime prevention through ____.
A) Secret societies
B) Barangay tanods and volunteer groups
C) Vigilante groups
D) Private armies
  • 36. The crime prevention program involving cooperation of citizens is called ____.
A) Community-oriented policing
B) Criminal profiling
C) Police militarization
D) Martial law
  • 37. The PNP motto is ____.
A) “Peace and Prosperity
B) “To Serve and Protect
C) “Honor and Duty”
D) “Law and Order”
  • 38. Police visibility aims to ____.
A) Deter the commission of crime
B) Train prosecutors
C) Increase fines
D) Improve politics
  • 39. A police blotter is used to record ____.
A) Prison escapes
B) Crimes and incidents reported
C) Court decisions
D) Prosecution records
  • 40. The PNP Internal Affairs Service (IAS) ensures ____.
A) Integrity and discipline within the police force
B) Amnesty
C) Promotions
D) Rewards
  • 41. The primary function of the prosecution pillar is to ____.
A) Determine probable cause and file cases in court
B) Rehabilitate inmates
C) Arrest suspects
D) Judge offenders
  • 42. Prosecutors are under which government department?
A) CHR
B) Supreme Court
C) Department of Justice (DOJ)
D) DILG
  • 43. The DOJ is headed by the ____.
A) Secretary of Justice
B) Solicitor General
C) Chief Justice
D) Ombudsman
  • 44. Preliminary investigation is conducted to ____.
A) Sentence offenders
B) File civil suits
C) Determine probable cause
D) Execute arrest
  • 45. The National Prosecution Service is under the ____.
A) Department of Justice
B) Senate
C) Supreme Court
D) DILG
  • 46. The Ombudsman investigates ____.
A) Private citizens
B) Military officers
C) Public officials accused of crimes
D) Police trainees
  • 47. The fiscal is another term for ____.
A) Police officer
B) Judge
C) Defense attorney
D) Public prosecutor
  • 48. Probable cause means ____.
A) Political motive
B) Complete proof of guilt
C) Reasonable grounds to believe a crime was committed
D) Hearsay evidence
  • 49. The resolution after a preliminary investigation is submitted to the ____.
A) Police
B) Court
C) Community
D) Prison
  • 50. The prosecution represents the ____.
A) Complainant only
B) Accused
C) State or People of the Philippines
D) Private sector
  • 51. The main function of the Judiciary is to ____.
A) Interpret the law and render justice
B) Punish police officers
C) Enforce the law
D) Make laws
  • 52. The highest court in the Philippines is the ____.
A) Supreme Court
B) Sandiganbayan
C) Court of Appeals
D) Regional Trial Court
  • 53. The Supreme Court is composed of ____.
A) One Chief Justice and Fourteen Associate Justices
B) Ten Justices
C) Fifteen Associate Justices
D) One Chief Justice and Ten Associate Justices
  • 54. The power of judicial review means the court can ____.
A) Make new laws
B) Execute laws
C) Amend the Constitution
D) Declare a law unconstitutional
  • 55. The Constitution that established the present judiciary structure is the ____.
A) 1987 Constitution
B) 1946 Constitution
C) 1935 Constitution
D) 1973 Constitution
  • 56. The special court for government corruption cases is the ____.
A) Civil Service Commission
B) Ombudsman
C) Court of Appeals
D) Sandiganbayan
  • 57. The People of the Philippines is always the ____.
A) Accused
B) Respondent
C) Defendant
D) Complainant or plaintiff in criminal cases
  • 58. The regular trial courts in the Philippines include the ____.
A) Court of Tax Appeals
B) Regional Trial Courts (RTCs)
C) Barangay Courts
D) Sandiganbayan
  • 59. The lowest courts in the judicial hierarchy are the ____.
A) Supreme Court
B) Municipal Trial Courts (MTCs)
C) Regional Trial Courts
D) Court of Appeals
  • 60. The Court of Appeals primarily handles ____.
A) Barangay disputes
B) Police cases
C) Administrative cases only
D) Appeals from lower courts
  • 61. The Family Courts handle cases involving ____.
A) Tax disputes
B) Labor cases
C) Juveniles and family-related offenses
D) Traffic violations
  • 62. The constitutional right to a fair trial means ____.
A) Closed-door session
B) Political influence
C) Impartial hearing with due process
D) Fast conviction
  • 63. A person cannot be convicted without ____.
A) Police testimony alone
B) Media coverage
C) A confession
D) Proof beyond reasonable doubt
  • 64. The presumption of innocence remains until ____.
A) Charged by the prosecutor
B) Interrogated
C) Arrested by police
D) Proven guilty in court
  • 65. The Judiciary is independent to ensure ____.
A) Political loyalty
B) Fair and impartial justice
C) Law enforcement power
D) Government funding
  • 66. Judicial power includes ____.
A) Appointing prosecutors
B) Making new laws
C) Controlling the police
D) Settling controversies involving rights
  • 67. The doctrine that a case once decided cannot be reopened is called ____.
A) Locus standi
B) Stare decisis
C) Res judicata
D) Habeas corpus
  • 68. The Latin phrase “stare decisis” means ____.
A) To delay decision
B) To dismiss a case
C) To stand by decided cases
D) To retry an accused
  • 69. A person deprived of liberty may file a petition for ____.
A) Writ of Habeas Corpus
B) Writ of Execution
C) Writ of Attachment
D) Writ of Amparo
  • 70. The Writ of Amparo protects citizens against ____.
A) Deportation
B) Property seizure
C) Threats to life, liberty, and security
D) Arrest for crime
  • 71. The main purpose of the Corrections Pillar is to ____.
A) Punish offenders cruelly
B) Enforce the law
C) Rehabilitate offenders and prepare them for reintegration
D) Eliminate criminals
  • 72. The Bureau of Corrections (BuCor) operates under the ____.
A) DILG
B) NAPOLCOM
C) Department of Justice (DOJ)
D) Supreme Court
  • 73. The Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) is under the ____.
A) DOJ
B) DSWD
C) CHR
D) Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG)
  • 74. Prisons are managed by ____.
A) PNP
B) CHR
C) BJMP
D) Bureau of Corrections (BuCor)
  • 75. Jails are managed by ____.
A) Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP)
B) AFP
C) BuCor
D) DSWD
  • 76. The primary correctional institution for national prisoners is the ____.
A) New Bilibid Prison
B) Correctional Institution for Women
C) Davao Penal Colony
D) Iwahig Penal Colony
  • 77. Prisoners serving less than 3 years are usually confined in ____.
A) Penal colonies
B) Rehabilitation centers
C) Jails
D) Prisons
  • 78. The concept of “reformation” means ____.
A) Changing offender behavior to conform to law
B) Isolating prisoners forever
C) Using fear to control inmates
D) Torturing offenders
  • 79. Parole is granted to prisoners who ____.
A) Are minors
B) Show good behavior after serving part of the sentence
C) Are politically connected
D) Are under trial
  • 80. Probation is an alternative to ____.
A) Imprisonment
B) Appeal
C) Bail
D) Fine
  • 81. The law creating the Probation System in the Philippines is ____.
A) RA 10575
B) RA 7438
C) Presidential Decree 968
D) RA 6975
  • 82. The Parole and Probation Administration (PPA) operates under the ____.
A) CSC
B) Department of Justice (DOJ)
C) DILG
D) Supreme Court
  • 83. The term “corrections” was first used to replace ____.
A) Criminology
B) Penology
C) Criminalistics
D) Police science
  • 84. Prisoner rehabilitation aims to ____.
A) Restore offender’s moral and social values
B) Encourage revenge
C) Promote fear
D) Increase punishment
  • 85. Community-based corrections include ____.
A) Parole, Probation, and Pardon
B) Life sentence
C) Death penalty
D) Imprisonment
  • 86. The community is considered the ____ pillar of the CJS.
A) Fourth
B) First
C) Third
D) Fifth
  • 87. The main role of the community is to ____.
A) Punish offenders
B) Control courts
C) Support rehabilitation and crime prevention programs
D) Replace police
  • 88. The Barangay Justice System is created under ____.
A) RA 8551
B) RA 7438
C) Katarungang Pambarangay Law (RA 7160)
D) RA 6975
  • 89. The head of the Barangay Justice System is the ____.
A) Chief Tanod
B) Barangay Captain (Punong Barangay)
C) Barangay Secretary
D) Barangay Kagawad
  • 90. The primary purpose of the Barangay Justice System is ____.
A) Amicable settlement of disputes
B) Imprisonment
C) Political control
D) Fine collection
  • 91. The community pillar emphasizes ____.
A) Political power
B) Police operations
C) Judicial independence
D) Citizen participation in crime prevention
  • 92. The Human Rights Commission (CHR) was established under ____.
A) 1987 Constitution, Article XIII
B) RA 7438
C) RA 6975
D) 1973 Constitution
  • 93. The term “Restorative Justice” focuses on ____.
A) Punishing the criminal harshly
B) Ignoring the victim
C) Isolating offenders
D) Repairing harm between offender, victim, and community
  • 94. The Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act is ____.
A) RA 7438
B) RA 9165
C) RA 8551
D) Republic Act 9344
  • 95. The age of criminal responsibility under RA 9344 is ____.
A) 12 years old
B) 16 years old
C) 18 years old
D) 15 years old and below
  • 96. Children in conflict with the law (CICL) are handled by ____.
A) Police stations only
B) BuCor
C) DSWD and Bahay Pag-asa Centers
D) BJMP
  • 97. Community-based programs aim to ____.
A) Detain more prisoners
B) Reintegrate offenders into society
C) Militarize barangays
D) Punish juveniles
  • 98. The success of the Criminal Justice System depends on ____.
A) Punishment severity
B) Court decisions only
C) Cooperation among all five pillars
D) Police power alone
  • 99. Crime prevention becomes effective when ____.
A) Citizens actively participate with law enforcers
B) Punishment is harsh
C) Police act secretly
D) Government acts alone
  • 100. The Criminal Justice System functions best when ____.
A) Laws favor the powerful
B) Justice is fair, swift, and humane
C) Citizens fear the police
D) Offenders are tortured
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