(CLJ 1) INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILIPPINE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM (IPCJS)
  • 1. The Criminal Justice System refers to the network of institutions that ____.
A) Punish offenders only
B) Protect criminals
C) Encourage deviance
D) Prevent and control crime
  • 2. The term “Criminal Justice System” emphasizes ____.
A) Interdependence of institutions
B) Police dominance
C) Political control
D) Judicial supremacy
  • 3. The ultimate goal of the Criminal Justice System is ____.
A) Public safety and order
B) Legal education
C) Political stability
D) Economic development
  • 4. How many pillars make up the Philippine Criminal Justice System?
A) Six
B) Three
C) Five
D) Four
  • 5. The first pillar of the Criminal Justice System is ____.
A) Law enforcement
B) Prosecution
C) Courts
D) Corrections
  • 6. The second pillar of the Criminal Justice System is ____.
A) Prosecution
B) Corrections
C) Law enforcement
D) Community
  • 7. The third pillar of the Criminal Justice System is ____.
A) Community
B) Corrections
C) Courts or Judiciary
D) Law enforcement
  • 8. The fourth pillar of the Criminal Justice System is ____.
A) Corrections
B) Law enforcement
C) Prosecution
D) Judiciary
  • 9. The fifth pillar of the Criminal Justice System is ____.
A) Law enforcement
B) Judiciary
C) Prosecution
D) Community
  • 10. The Criminal Justice System is a mechanism for ____.
A) Maintaining peace and order
B) Media management
C) Economic growth
D) Political control
  • 11. The Criminal Justice System starts functioning when ____.
A) A crime is committed and reported
B) The judge issues a warrant
C) The prosecutor files a case
D) A person is arrested
  • 12. Which is NOT a component of the Criminal Justice System?
A) Prosecution
B) Law enforcement
C) Legislative branch
D) Judiciary
  • 13. The police are under which pillar of the system?
A) Law enforcement
B) Prosecution
C) Judiciary
D) Community
  • 14. The fiscal or public prosecutor belongs to which pillar?
A) Law enforcement
B) Prosecution
C) Corrections
D) Judiciary
  • 15. Judges and courts are part of which pillar?
A) Judiciary
B) Prosecution
C) Law enforcement
D) Corrections
  • 16. Jails and prisons are under which pillar?
A) Judiciary
B) Corrections
C) Law enforcement
D) Prosecution
  • 17. The community pillar represents ____.
A) People’s participation in crime prevention
B) Social workers only
C) The police and military
D) Political leaders
  • 18. The system is called “interdependent” because ____.
A) Prosecutors are above judges
B) Each pillar affects the others
C) Community acts alone
D) Police control the courts
  • 19. The concept of justice means ____.
A) Punishing everyone
B) Protecting only the rich
C) Giving each person his or her due
D) Supporting criminals
  • 20. A criminal case proceeds from one pillar to another in a ____.
A) Sequential process
B) Economic plan
C) Random order
D) Political decision
  • 21. The main responsibility of law enforcement is to ____.
A) Reform inmates
B) Prevent and control crime
C) Prosecute offenders
D) Judge cases
  • 22. The first contact of a crime suspect with the system is through the ____.
A) Jail officer
B) Judge
C) Prosecutor
D) Police
  • 23. The Philippine National Police was created under ____.
A) RA 8551
B) . RA 4864
C) Republic Act 6975
D) RA 7438
  • 24. The PNP is under which government department?
A) Department of Defense
B) Office of the President
C) Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG)
D) Department of Justice
  • 25. The PNP was reorganized under ____.
A) RA 7438
B) RA 6975
C) RA 9165
D) RA 8551 (PNP Reform and Reorganization Act of 1998)
  • 26. The chief of the PNP holds the rank of ____.
A) Police Director
B) Chief Superintendent
C) Police General
D) Police Colonel
  • 27. The power of arrest without warrant is allowed when ____.
A) The suspect is at home
B) The crime is committed in the officer’s presence
C) The judge orders it
D) The prosecutor requests it
  • 28. The Miranda Doctrine protects the suspect’s right to ____.
A) Remain silent and have counsel
B) Confess freely
C) Leave the country
D) Escape arrest
  • 29. The law that defines the rights of persons arrested or under custodial investigation is ____.
A) RA 9745
B) RA 7438
C) RA 8551
D) RA 6975
  • 30. The term “law enforcement” means ____.
A) Creation of laws
B) Correctional management
C) Application of the law by authorized officers
D) Court interpretation
  • 31. The Integrated National Police and the Philippine Constabulary were merged into the PNP in ____.
A) 2000
B) 1995
C) 1991
D) 1987
  • 32. The PNP is civilian in character as provided in the ____.
A) 1987 Constitution
B) 1935 Constitution
C) Bill of Rights
D) 1973 Constitution
  • 33. The law that governs anti-illegal drugs operations is ____.
A) RA 8353
B) RA 9165
C) RA 3815
D) RA 6975
  • 34. The National Police Commission (NAPOLCOM) exercises ____.
A) Administrative control and supervision over the PNP
B) Operational command
C) Legislative power
D) Judicial power
  • 35. The community can assist police in crime prevention through ____.
A) Secret societies
B) Barangay tanods and volunteer groups
C) Vigilante groups
D) Private armies
  • 36. The crime prevention program involving cooperation of citizens is called ____.
A) Community-oriented policing
B) Martial law
C) Police militarization
D) Criminal profiling
  • 37. The PNP motto is ____.
A) “To Serve and Protect
B) “Law and Order”
C) “Honor and Duty”
D) “Peace and Prosperity
  • 38. Police visibility aims to ____.
A) Improve politics
B) Deter the commission of crime
C) Train prosecutors
D) Increase fines
  • 39. A police blotter is used to record ____.
A) Prison escapes
B) Crimes and incidents reported
C) Prosecution records
D) Court decisions
  • 40. The PNP Internal Affairs Service (IAS) ensures ____.
A) Promotions
B) Rewards
C) Integrity and discipline within the police force
D) Amnesty
  • 41. The primary function of the prosecution pillar is to ____.
A) Judge offenders
B) Rehabilitate inmates
C) Determine probable cause and file cases in court
D) Arrest suspects
  • 42. Prosecutors are under which government department?
A) Supreme Court
B) CHR
C) DILG
D) Department of Justice (DOJ)
  • 43. The DOJ is headed by the ____.
A) Ombudsman
B) Chief Justice
C) Solicitor General
D) Secretary of Justice
  • 44. Preliminary investigation is conducted to ____.
A) File civil suits
B) Execute arrest
C) Determine probable cause
D) Sentence offenders
  • 45. The National Prosecution Service is under the ____.
A) DILG
B) Senate
C) Department of Justice
D) Supreme Court
  • 46. The Ombudsman investigates ____.
A) Private citizens
B) Public officials accused of crimes
C) Military officers
D) Police trainees
  • 47. The fiscal is another term for ____.
A) Defense attorney
B) Police officer
C) Public prosecutor
D) Judge
  • 48. Probable cause means ____.
A) Complete proof of guilt
B) Reasonable grounds to believe a crime was committed
C) Hearsay evidence
D) Political motive
  • 49. The resolution after a preliminary investigation is submitted to the ____.
A) Police
B) Community
C) Prison
D) Court
  • 50. The prosecution represents the ____.
A) Complainant only
B) Accused
C) Private sector
D) State or People of the Philippines
  • 51. The main function of the Judiciary is to ____.
A) Make laws
B) Punish police officers
C) Enforce the law
D) Interpret the law and render justice
  • 52. The highest court in the Philippines is the ____.
A) Supreme Court
B) Regional Trial Court
C) Sandiganbayan
D) Court of Appeals
  • 53. The Supreme Court is composed of ____.
A) Ten Justices
B) One Chief Justice and Fourteen Associate Justices
C) Fifteen Associate Justices
D) One Chief Justice and Ten Associate Justices
  • 54. The power of judicial review means the court can ____.
A) Declare a law unconstitutional
B) Make new laws
C) Execute laws
D) Amend the Constitution
  • 55. The Constitution that established the present judiciary structure is the ____.
A) 1935 Constitution
B) 1946 Constitution
C) 1973 Constitution
D) 1987 Constitution
  • 56. The special court for government corruption cases is the ____.
A) Court of Appeals
B) Ombudsman
C) Civil Service Commission
D) Sandiganbayan
  • 57. The People of the Philippines is always the ____.
A) Complainant or plaintiff in criminal cases
B) Accused
C) Respondent
D) Defendant
  • 58. The regular trial courts in the Philippines include the ____.
A) Court of Tax Appeals
B) Sandiganbayan
C) Regional Trial Courts (RTCs)
D) Barangay Courts
  • 59. The lowest courts in the judicial hierarchy are the ____.
A) Court of Appeals
B) Regional Trial Courts
C) Municipal Trial Courts (MTCs)
D) Supreme Court
  • 60. The Court of Appeals primarily handles ____.
A) Police cases
B) Appeals from lower courts
C) Administrative cases only
D) Barangay disputes
  • 61. The Family Courts handle cases involving ____.
A) Labor cases
B) Juveniles and family-related offenses
C) Tax disputes
D) Traffic violations
  • 62. The constitutional right to a fair trial means ____.
A) Closed-door session
B) Impartial hearing with due process
C) Fast conviction
D) Political influence
  • 63. A person cannot be convicted without ____.
A) Police testimony alone
B) Proof beyond reasonable doubt
C) Media coverage
D) A confession
  • 64. The presumption of innocence remains until ____.
A) Charged by the prosecutor
B) Arrested by police
C) Proven guilty in court
D) Interrogated
  • 65. The Judiciary is independent to ensure ____.
A) Law enforcement power
B) Government funding
C) Political loyalty
D) Fair and impartial justice
  • 66. Judicial power includes ____.
A) Making new laws
B) Controlling the police
C) Settling controversies involving rights
D) Appointing prosecutors
  • 67. The doctrine that a case once decided cannot be reopened is called ____.
A) Res judicata
B) Habeas corpus
C) Locus standi
D) Stare decisis
  • 68. The Latin phrase “stare decisis” means ____.
A) To dismiss a case
B) To delay decision
C) To retry an accused
D) To stand by decided cases
  • 69. A person deprived of liberty may file a petition for ____.
A) Writ of Habeas Corpus
B) Writ of Attachment
C) Writ of Amparo
D) Writ of Execution
  • 70. The Writ of Amparo protects citizens against ____.
A) Property seizure
B) Deportation
C) Arrest for crime
D) Threats to life, liberty, and security
  • 71. The main purpose of the Corrections Pillar is to ____.
A) Enforce the law
B) Punish offenders cruelly
C) Eliminate criminals
D) Rehabilitate offenders and prepare them for reintegration
  • 72. The Bureau of Corrections (BuCor) operates under the ____.
A) NAPOLCOM
B) DILG
C) Department of Justice (DOJ)
D) Supreme Court
  • 73. The Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) is under the ____.
A) CHR
B) DOJ
C) Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG)
D) DSWD
  • 74. Prisons are managed by ____.
A) Bureau of Corrections (BuCor)
B) BJMP
C) CHR
D) PNP
  • 75. Jails are managed by ____.
A) AFP
B) BuCor
C) Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP)
D) DSWD
  • 76. The primary correctional institution for national prisoners is the ____.
A) Correctional Institution for Women
B) Davao Penal Colony
C) New Bilibid Prison
D) Iwahig Penal Colony
  • 77. Prisoners serving less than 3 years are usually confined in ____.
A) Jails
B) Prisons
C) Penal colonies
D) Rehabilitation centers
  • 78. The concept of “reformation” means ____.
A) Isolating prisoners forever
B) Torturing offenders
C) Using fear to control inmates
D) Changing offender behavior to conform to law
  • 79. Parole is granted to prisoners who ____.
A) Show good behavior after serving part of the sentence
B) Are minors
C) Are under trial
D) Are politically connected
  • 80. Probation is an alternative to ____.
A) Appeal
B) Bail
C) Imprisonment
D) Fine
  • 81. The law creating the Probation System in the Philippines is ____.
A) Presidential Decree 968
B) RA 6975
C) RA 7438
D) RA 10575
  • 82. The Parole and Probation Administration (PPA) operates under the ____.
A) DILG
B) CSC
C) Supreme Court
D) Department of Justice (DOJ)
  • 83. The term “corrections” was first used to replace ____.
A) Criminalistics
B) Penology
C) Criminology
D) Police science
  • 84. Prisoner rehabilitation aims to ____.
A) Increase punishment
B) Encourage revenge
C) Promote fear
D) Restore offender’s moral and social values
  • 85. Community-based corrections include ____.
A) Parole, Probation, and Pardon
B) Death penalty
C) Imprisonment
D) Life sentence
  • 86. The community is considered the ____ pillar of the CJS.
A) Fourth
B) First
C) Fifth
D) Third
  • 87. The main role of the community is to ____.
A) Replace police
B) Support rehabilitation and crime prevention programs
C) Punish offenders
D) Control courts
  • 88. The Barangay Justice System is created under ____.
A) RA 6975
B) RA 8551
C) Katarungang Pambarangay Law (RA 7160)
D) RA 7438
  • 89. The head of the Barangay Justice System is the ____.
A) Barangay Secretary
B) Barangay Captain (Punong Barangay)
C) Barangay Kagawad
D) Chief Tanod
  • 90. The primary purpose of the Barangay Justice System is ____.
A) Amicable settlement of disputes
B) Imprisonment
C) Political control
D) Fine collection
  • 91. The community pillar emphasizes ____.
A) Political power
B) Police operations
C) Judicial independence
D) Citizen participation in crime prevention
  • 92. The Human Rights Commission (CHR) was established under ____.
A) 1973 Constitution
B) RA 6975
C) 1987 Constitution, Article XIII
D) RA 7438
  • 93. The term “Restorative Justice” focuses on ____.
A) Repairing harm between offender, victim, and community
B) Isolating offenders
C) Ignoring the victim
D) Punishing the criminal harshly
  • 94. The Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act is ____.
A) RA 7438
B) RA 9165
C) Republic Act 9344
D) RA 8551
  • 95. The age of criminal responsibility under RA 9344 is ____.
A) 12 years old
B) 15 years old and below
C) 18 years old
D) 16 years old
  • 96. Children in conflict with the law (CICL) are handled by ____.
A) BuCor
B) BJMP
C) Police stations only
D) DSWD and Bahay Pag-asa Centers
  • 97. Community-based programs aim to ____.
A) Militarize barangays
B) Reintegrate offenders into society
C) Punish juveniles
D) Detain more prisoners
  • 98. The success of the Criminal Justice System depends on ____.
A) Court decisions only
B) Punishment severity
C) Cooperation among all five pillars
D) Police power alone
  • 99. Crime prevention becomes effective when ____.
A) Police act secretly
B) Citizens actively participate with law enforcers
C) Government acts alone
D) Punishment is harsh
  • 100. The Criminal Justice System functions best when ____.
A) Laws favor the powerful
B) Offenders are tortured
C) Citizens fear the police
D) Justice is fair, swift, and humane
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