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A) As a geometrical problem B) As a physiological problem C) As a psychological problem D) As a physical problem
A) Hero of Alexandria B) Claudius Ptolemy C) Aristotle D) Euclid
A) With a set of self-evident axioms B) With physical experiments C) With a mathematical proof of refraction D) With physiological observations
A) In a spiral shape B) In a straight line C) In a curved line D) In a zigzag pattern
A) A cone B) A sphere C) A pyramid D) A cylinder
A) Closer B) Brighter C) Smaller D) Larger
A) Lower B) Deeper C) Higher D) Brighter
A) Larger B) Clearer C) Darker D) Blurrier
A) Only for refraction B) No C) Yes D) Only for reflection
A) Reflection and refraction B) Perspective and the rounding of things seen at a distance C) Mirages and magnification D) The color spectrum and lenses
A) Reflection and refraction B) Emission theory C) Catoptrics and dioptrics D) Simple direct vision
A) Euclid B) Plato C) Hero of Alexandria D) Claudius Ptolemy
A) Perspective B) Catoptrics C) Emission theory D) Dioptrics
A) Slowly and gradually B) Instantly without duration C) At great speed D) At the speed of sound
A) They multiplied B) They could become trapped in the porosities C) They were reflected perfectly D) They passed straight through
A) Reflection theory B) Emission theory C) Refraction theory D) Axiomatic theory
A) That light travels in a curved line B) That this is the shortest path from the object to the observer C) That visual rays bounce like elastic balls D) That angles are proportional to speeds
A) As far as the object really is in front of the mirror B) Directly on the surface of the mirror C) Half as far as the object is in front D) Twice as far as the object is in front
A) First-century B) Second-century C) Fourth-century D) Third-century
A) Originating from external light sources B) Proceeding from the object to the eye C) Proceeding from the eye to the object D) Moving back and forth between eye and object
A) As parallel rays B) As discrete lines rather than a cone C) As a continuous cone rather than discrete lines D) As physical particles trapped in pores
A) Reflection and refraction B) Only direct vision C) Perspective and rounding D) Only reflection
A) Glass, metal, and air B) Air, water, and wood C) Water, oil, and glass D) Air, water, and glass
A) To match Euclid's earlier axioms B) To fit his incorrect assumption that refraction is proportional to incidence C) To eliminate errors caused by unpolished surfaces D) To account for the speed of visual rays
A) Egyptian B) Greek C) Arabic D) Latin
A) Vision and eye B) Ray of light C) Appearance, look D) Glass lens
A) Ancient China B) Early modern Europe C) Ancient Greece D) Medieval Islamic world
A) Ancient Greco-Roman world B) Twentieth century C) Medieval Islamic world D) Early modern Europe
A) Three B) Five C) Two D) Four
A) Aphrodite B) Euclid C) Lucretius D) Mozi
A) Fire lit by Aphrodite B) Atoms of energy C) Rays of reflected light D) An inverted image
A) 55 BC B) 5th century AD C) 4th century BC D) 5th century BCE
A) An inverted image B) A beam of heat C) A reflected ray D) A magnified image
A) A plane mirror B) A cylindrical glass C) An astronomical compendium D) A 'collecting-point' or 'treasure house'
A) Five B) 36 C) Four D) A hundred
A) Dignāga B) Pappus C) Mozi D) Lucretius
A) Syntaxis B) Catoptrica C) Little Astronomy D) Almagest
A) 55 BC B) 4th century BC C) 7th century AD D) 5th century BCE
A) Optics B) Little Astronomy C) Catoptrica D) Almagest
A) Longer B) Shorter C) Equal D) Variable
A) Mozi B) Dharmakirti C) Empedocles D) Dignāga
A) 7th century B) 4th century C) 5th century D) 6th century
A) Al-Kindi B) Ibn Sahl C) Al-Biruni D) Avicenna
A) De radiis stellarum B) De aspectibus C) Kitab Tanqih al-Manazir D) Liber de crepisculis
A) Kamal al-Din al-Farisi B) Al-Kindi C) Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi D) Ibn Sahl
A) The Revision of Optics B) Book of Optics C) De radiis stellarum D) On the burning instruments
A) Alhazen B) Rashed C) Roger Bacon D) Robert Grosseteste
A) Snell's law B) Ptolemy's law C) Al-Kindi's law D) Newton's law
A) 1010s B) 1230s C) 980s D) 800s
A) Al-Biruni B) Avicenna C) Ptolemy D) Al-Kindi
A) Kitab al Manazir B) Kitab Tanqih al-Manazir C) Fī al-'āla al-muḥriqa D) De radiis stellarum
A) Al-Kindi B) Ibn al-Haytham C) Ibn Sahl D) Al-Biruni
A) Abu 'Abd Allah Muhammad ibn Ma'udh B) Ibn Sahl C) Al-Kindi D) Avicenna
A) Baghdad B) Al-Andalus C) Persia D) Western Europe
A) Liber de crepisculis B) Perspectiva C) De radiis stellarum D) De aspectibus
A) Alhazen B) Al-Biruni C) Ibn Sahl D) Al-Kindi
A) 45° B) 10° C) 18° D) 90°
A) The rainbow phenomenon B) Lunar halos C) Mirages D) Solar eclipses
A) Kitab Tanqih al-Manazir B) Liber de crepisculis C) Kitab al Manazir D) Fī al-'āla al-muḥriqa
A) Genesis 1:3 B) John 1:5 C) Genesis 1:1 D) Revelation 21:23
A) Alhacen B) Peter of Limoges C) Theodoric of Freiberg D) Robert Grosseteste
A) Witelo B) Theodoric of Freiberg C) John Pecham D) Roger Bacon
A) Arabic physician B) English bishop C) German monk D) English Franciscan
A) How we see B) The measurement of planetary distances C) The origin of the universe D) The chemical composition of mirrors
A) Theodoric of Freiberg B) Witelo C) Peter of Limoges D) Robert Grosseteste
A) Alhacen B) Al-Kindi C) Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi D) Avicenna
A) Willebrord Snellius B) Johannes Kepler C) Isaac Newton D) René Descartes
A) Opera reliqua B) Astronomiae Pars Optica C) Traité de la lumière D) Opticks
A) Isaac Newton B) Johannes Kepler C) Willebrord Snellius D) Christiaan Huygens
A) Johannes Kepler B) René Descartes C) Willebrord Snellius D) Christiaan Huygens
A) Christiaan Huygens B) Isaac Newton C) Johannes Kepler D) René Descartes
A) A compound microscope B) A pinhole camera C) A refracting telescope D) A reflecting telescope
A) The French Academy of Sciences B) The Royal Society C) The University of Cambridge D) The Roman Inquisition
A) Opera reliqua B) Astronomiae Pars Optica C) Traité de la lumière D) Opticks
A) Caloric fluid B) Photons C) The ether D) Gravitons
A) 1704 B) 1604 C) 1621 D) 1671
A) René Descartes B) Christiaan Huygens C) Johannes Kepler D) Isaac Newton
A) Isaac Newton B) James Gregory C) Francesco Maria Grimaldi D) Thomas Young
A) The Greek word diffugio B) The French word diffrayer C) The Latin word diffractus D) The Latin word diffringere
A) 1665 B) 1638 C) 1815 D) 1803
A) During his youth B) Decades before his birth C) Simultaneously with his death D) Posthumously
A) James Gregory B) Francesco Maria Grimaldi C) Christiaan Huygens D) Isaac Newton
A) A glass prism B) A bird feather C) Two closely spaced slits D) A ripple tank
A) Ripple tank B) Diffraction grating C) Prism spectroscope D) Wave interferometer
A) 1815 B) 1665 C) 1818 D) 1803
A) A bird feather B) An electric spark C) Water waves D) Sunlight
A) James Gregory B) Isaac Newton C) Francesco Maria Grimaldi D) Augustin-Jean Fresnel
A) Interference B) Propagation C) Inflexion D) Diffraction
A) Roger Bacon B) Seneca the Younger C) Ibn al-Haytham D) Emperor Nero
A) Emperor Nero B) Emperor Tiberius C) Emperor Claudius D) Emperor Augustus
A) Jacob Metius B) Roger Bacon C) Ibn al-Haytham D) Giovanni Faber
A) Gladiators B) Monks C) Tutors D) Emperors
A) Shallower lenses magnified more effectively B) Concave lenses magnified more effectively than convex lenses C) Thicker glass spheres magnified more effectively D) Deeper lenses magnified more effectively
A) 1021 B) 1620 C) 1286 D) 1608
A) Egypt B) Italy C) England D) The Netherlands
A) Galileo Galilei B) Hans Lippershey C) Jacob Metius D) Isaac Newton
A) Zacharias Janssen B) Cornelis Drebbel C) Hans Martens D) Jacob Metius
A) 1668 B) 1608 C) 1590 D) 1620
A) Hans Martens B) Giovanni Faber C) Cornelis Drebbel D) Zacharias Janssen
A) Jacob Metius B) Seneca the Younger C) Roger Bacon D) Giovanni Faber |