Homologation reaction - Quiz
  • 1. What is the primary definition of a homologation reaction?
A) A process of purifying chemical compounds
B) A reaction that breaks down a molecule into smaller pieces
C) A reaction converting a reactant into the next member of its homologous series
D) A reaction that removes functional groups from a molecule
  • 2. By what constant unit do members of a homologous series typically differ?
A) A hydroxyl (−OH) group
B) A methylene (−CH2−) group
C) A methyl (−CH3) group
D) A carboxyl (−COOH) group
  • 3. Which reagent is commonly used to react with aldehydes or ketones to form the next homologue?
A) Hydrochloric acid
B) Chromium trioxide
C) Potassium permanganate
D) Diazomethane
  • 4. How many steps are involved in the Kiliani-Fischer synthesis?
A) Four steps
B) Three steps
C) Five steps
D) Two steps
  • 5. What is the first step of the Kiliani-Fischer synthesis?
A) Reduction to form the aldose
B) Oxidation of the carbon chain
C) Hydrolysis to form a lactone
D) Nucleophilic addition of cyanide to the carbonyl
  • 6. The Arndt–Eistert reaction is designed to convert a carboxylic acid into what?
A) A lower carboxylic acid
B) A higher carboxylic acid homologue
C) A terminal alkyne
D) An amino ester
  • 7. What intermediate is involved in the Kowalski ester homologation?
A) Diazoketone
B) Cyanohydrin
C) Lactone
D) Ynolate
  • 8. The Seyferth–Gilbert homologation converts an aldehyde into what?
A) A terminal alkyne
B) A carboxylic acid
C) A lactone
D) An amino ester
  • 9. Which reaction is considered a two-carbon homologation reaction?
A) DeMayo reaction
B) Hooker reaction
C) Arndt–Eistert reaction
D) Gallagher–Hollander degradation
  • 10. What is the result of the Gallagher–Hollander degradation?
A) Addition of a methylene group
B) Conversion of an aldehyde to an alkyne
C) Reduction of chain length by 2 carbon atoms
D) Increase of chain length by 2 carbon atoms
  • 11. In the Hooker reaction, by how many units is the alkyl chain reduced?
A) One methylene unit
B) Two methylene units
C) Three methylene units
D) Four methylene units
  • 12. What reagent is used in the Hooker reaction to cause oxidation?
A) Diazomethane
B) Thionyl chloride
C) Potassium permanganate
D) Chromium trioxide
  • 13. What byproduct is extruded during the decarboxylation step of the Hooker reaction?
A) Water
B) Carbon dioxide
C) Hydrogen gas
D) Nitrogen gas
  • 14. What is the final step in the Gallagher–Hollander degradation mentioned in the text?
A) Oxidation with chromium trioxide
B) Elimination with pyridine
C) Reduction of chlorine
D) Formation of acid chloride
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