Philippine history - Test
Philippine history
  • 1. The history of the Philippines is a rich tapestry of diverse cultures, colonial influences, and struggles for independence. From ancient civilizations like the Majapahit Empire to the Spanish colonization and the subsequent American occupation, the Filipino people have endured various challenges and triumphs. The fight for independence led by national heroes like Jose Rizal and Andres Bonifacio culminated in the declaration of independence in 1898. The Philippines has since evolved into a vibrant nation with a unique blend of traditions, languages, and customs. Despite its tumultuous past, the Philippines continues to thrive as a resilient and dynamic country in Southeast Asia.

    When did the Philippines gain independence from Spanish colonization?
A) December 7, 1941
B) July 4, 1946
C) June 12, 1898
D) September 21, 1972
  • 2. Which Philippine president declared martial law in 1972?
A) Benigno Aquino Jr.
B) Ferdinand Marcos
C) Corazon Aquino
D) Ramon Magsaysay
  • 3. Who was the leader of the Katipunan, a secret society that fought for Philippine independence?
A) Manuel L. Quezon
B) Emilio Aguinaldo
C) Jose Rizal
D) Andres Bonifacio
  • 4. Who was the first President of the Philippines?
A) Manuel L. Quezon
B) Emilio Aguinaldo
C) Carlos P. Garcia
D) Sergio Osmena
  • 5. Who was the first Filipino saint?
A) Lorenzo Ruiz
B) Gregorio del Pilar
C) Ramon Magsaysay
D) Pedro Calungsod
  • 6. Which event led to the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1898, signaling the end of the Spanish-American War?
A) The Battle of Manila Bay
B) The Cry of Pugad Lawin
C) The Siege of Baler
D) The execution of Jose Rizal
  • 7. Which Philippine president was known as the 'Greatest President of the Commonwealth Period'?
A) Emilio Aguinaldo
B) Benigno Aquino Jr.
C) Sergio Osmena
D) Manuel L. Quezon
  • 8. Which American general led the US forces that captured Emilio Aguinaldo?
A) Frederick Funston
B) Douglas MacArthur
C) George S. Patton
D) Dwight D. Eisenhower
  • 9. What was the name of the first Philippine constitution?
A) Mabini Constitution
B) Malolos Constitution
C) Quezon Constitution
D) Aguinaldo Constitution
  • 10. Who was the leader of the Filipino Muslims who led armed resistance against the Spanish colonial government?
A) Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah
B) Lapu-Lapu
C) Datu Lapu-Lapu
D) Sultan Kudarat
  • 11. Which Philippine president was assassinated at the Manila International Airport in 1983?
A) Benigno Aquino Jr.
B) Ramon Magsaysay
C) Joseph Estrada
D) Fidel V. Ramos
  • 12. In what year did the Philippines declare its independence from the United States?
A) 1935
B) 1962
C) 1946
D) 1952
  • 13. Which Filipino hero was known as the 'Sublime Paralytic'?
A) Apolinario Mabini
B) Emilio Aguinaldo
C) Jose Rizal
D) Andres Bonifacio
  • 14. Which US president granted the Philippines independence on July 4, 1946?
A) John F. Kennedy
B) Franklin D. Roosevelt
C) Harry S. Truman
D) Dwight D. Eisenhower
  • 15. When was the EDSA People Power Revolution?
A) 1992
B) 2001
C) 1972
D) 1986
  • 16. Which Philippine president was known as the 'Asian Diplomat'?
A) Elpidio Quirino
B) Sergio Osmena
C) Manuel Roxas
D) Carlos P. Garcia
  • 17. Where did the Battle of Tirad Pass, where Gregorio del Pilar died, take place?
A) Cavite
B) Bataan
C) Batangas
D) Ilocos Sur
  • 18. Who was the first Filipino cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church?
A) Luis Antonio Tagle
B) Orlando Quevedo
C) Jaime Sin
D) Rufino Jiao Santos
  • 19. In what year did the Philippines host the Miss Universe pageant for the first time?
A) 1969
B) 1997
C) 1981
D) 1974
  • 20. Which American governor-general ordered the establishment of the University of the Philippines?
A) Theodore Roosevelt
B) Woodrow Wilson
C) Harry S. Truman
D) William Howard Taft
  • 21. When did the earliest hominin activity occur in the Philippines?
A) By 47,000 years ago
B) At least by 709,000 years ago
C) Around 3000 BCE
D) In the first millennium CE
  • 22. Which species of archaic humans was present on Luzon by 134,000 years ago?
A) Homo luzonensis
B) Neanderthals
C) Denisovans
D) Homo sapiens
  • 23. Where were the earliest known anatomically modern humans in the Philippines found?
A) Rizal, Kalinga
B) Tabon Caves in Palawan
C) Callao Cave
D) Cagayan
  • 24. Which groups were the first to settle in prehistoric Philippines?
A) Malayo-Polynesians
B) Hanunoo
C) Austronesians
D) Negrito groups
  • 25. From where did Austronesian-speaking peoples migrate to the Philippines around 3000 BCE?
A) China
B) Taiwan
C) Japan
D) India
  • 26. Which cultures were linked to Austronesians before their expansion out of Taiwan?
A) Hemudu, Liangzhu, and Dapenkeng
B) Liangzhu and Majiabang only
C) Dapenkeng and Majiabang only
D) Majiabang and Hemudu only
  • 27. What is the most widely accepted theory of Austronesian migration?
A) The 'Out-of-India' model
B) The 'Out-of-China' model
C) The 'Out-of-Japan' model
D) : The 'Out-of-Taiwan' model
  • 28. Which cultures share common cultural markers with Austronesians?
A) European settlers
B) Indian subcontinent cultures only
C) Han Chinese and Japanese
D) Taiwanese indigenous peoples, Islander Southeast Asians, Chams, Islander Melanesians, Micronesians, Polynesians, and the Malagasy people
  • 29. What distinct kinds of peoples developed in the Philippines by 1000 BCE?
A) Only tribal groups and harbor principalities
B) Tribal groups, warrior societies, petty plutocracy, and harbor principalities
C) Only harbor principalities and petty plutocracy
D) Only tribal groups and warrior societies
  • 30. When did early metallurgy reach the Philippine archipelagos?
A) By 1000 BCE via trade with India
B) Around 300–700 CE
C) During Spanish colonial rule
D) In the first millennium CE
  • 31. Which religions influenced the seafaring peoples of the Philippines between 300–700 CE?
A) Islam and Christianity
B) Buddhism and Hinduism
C) Confucianism and Taoism
D) Shintoism and Animism
  • 32. Which city was the first permanent Spanish settlement established in?
A) Zamboanga
B) Davao
C) Manila
D) Cebu
  • 33. What was established by the United States to rule the Philippines after 1898?
A) Direct rule by the U.S. Congress
B) The Philippine Commonwealth
C) The Insular Government
D) The Viceroyalty of New Spain
  • 34. What did the Jones Act promise for the Philippines?
A) Continued colonial rule
B) Full integration into the U.S. as a state
C) Independence
D) Permanent annexation to the United States
  • 35. When was the Philippine Commonwealth established?
A) In 1946
B) In 1898
C) In 1935
D) In 1907
  • 36. Which country occupied the Philippines during World War II?
A) Japan
B) Italy
C) The United States
D) Germany
  • 37. Where was the Sa Huỳnh culture primarily centered?
A) Present-day Vietnam
B) Taiwan
C) Central Thailand
D) Palawan, Philippines
  • 38. What is the Maitum anthropomorphic pottery dated to?
A) 500–700 CE
B) 400 BCE–1500 CE
C) Around 200 CE
D) 1000–1200 CE
  • 39. In what script was the Laguna Copperplate Inscription written?
A) Baybayin script
B) Arabic script
C) Latin script
D) Kawi script
  • 40. What culture influenced Manila Bay during the time of the Laguna Copperplate Inscription?
A) Greek and Roman
B) Hindu–Old Malay amalgamation
C) Chinese
D) Arab
  • 41. Which Arab chronicler wrote about the military competition between Muja and Mayd with the Chinese Empire?
A) Al-Masudi
B) Abu al-Fida
C) Ibn Battuta
D) Al Ya'akubi
  • 42. Who was appointed by the Yongle Emperor to oversee trade in Tondo?
A) Zheng He
B) Ko Ch'a-lao
C) Li Bo
D) Macao
  • 43. What was the outcome of the Castilian War for the Spanish?
A) They temporarily seized Brunei's capital.
B) They lost to the Bruneians.
C) They established a permanent colony in Brunei.
D) They permanently conquered Brunei.
  • 44. What year did Kumintang become a Spanish town?
A) 1581
B) 1599
C) 1576
D) 1605
  • 45. From which place did the founders of the Sultanate of Sulu arrive?
A) Johore, Malaysia
B) Brunei
C) Malacca
D) Butuan Rajahnate
  • 46. Pulilu was politically connected to which nation at the Calamianes?
A) Ma-i
B) Brunei
C) Sandao
D) Madja-as
  • 47. Which river bisected the fortified polity of Cainta?
A) The Marikina River
B) The Calumpang River
C) The Lingayen Gulf
D) The Pasig River
  • 48. What larger country was Sandao a vassal-state to?
A) Srivijaya
B) Pulilu
C) Madja-as
D) Ma-i
  • 49. Which Philippine kingdom regained independence after Brunei's invasion?
A) Iloilo.
B) Sulu.
C) Manila.
D) Cebu.
  • 50. Which present-day location corresponds to the ancient Jiamayan?
A) Cebu
B) Zamboanga
C) Calamian
D) Davao
  • 51. What name was given to the confederation of polities established by Datu Puti and his followers?
A) Madja-as
B) Ma-i
C) Pulilu
D) Sandao
  • 52. What was the time period during which Ma-i is recorded in Song dynasty history?
A) Before 971 – after 1339
B) 1300–1500
C) 1000–1200
D) 900–1100
  • 53. Who founded the Kingdom of Cebu?
A) Datu Lapulapu
B) Rajah Humabon
C) Sri Lumay, also known as Rajamuda Lumaya
D) Rajah Sri Bata Shaja
  • 54. What evidence supports the existence of the Rajahnate of Butuan?
A) The Maynila Stone
B) The Laguna Copperplate Inscription
C) The Cebu Stone Inscription
D) The Butuan Silver Paleograph
  • 55. What type of weapons were encountered in naval battles in Pangasinan?
A) Chinese crossbows
B) European longbows
C) Indian war elephants
D) Japanese-style gunpowder weapons
  • 56. Who ruled the maritime societies in precolonial Philippines?
A) Datus, wangs, rajahs, sultans or lakans
B) Military generals
C) Emperors and queens
D) Elected officials
  • 57. What was unique about the Sultanate system in Lanao compared to Sulu and Maguindanao?
A) It had no royal houses.
B) It was centralized under one ruler.
C) It was uniquely decentralized.
D) It did not follow Islamic principles.
  • 58. Which language is classified as a Southern Visayan language in the Sulu state?
A) Yakan
B) Malay
C) Cham
D) Tausug
  • 59. Who are the ancestors of the local Yakan people?
A) Visayan migrants
B) Buranuns
C) Hindu Sulu
D) The Orang Dampuans
  • 60. Which class did the Lakan belong to in ancient Tagalog society?
A) Maharlika
B) Alipin
C) Datu
D) Timawa
  • 61. Which river was the polity of Kumintang located around?
A) Pasig River
B) Marikina River
C) Calumpang River
D) Lingayen Gulf
  • 62. What did the datus in Panay and other Visayan islands do after returning from Borneo?
A) Established a new confederation
B) Joined forces with Rajah Makatunaw
C) Returned to their original homeland
D) Founded various towns
  • 63. What was a primary trade good from Pangasinan in exchange for Japanese and Chinese goods?
A) Spices
B) Porcelain
C) Gold
D) Silk
  • 64. What was Pangasinan known for in Chinese records during the early 15th century?
A) Its salt-making industry.
B) Gold mining operations.
C) Ceramic production.
D) Shipbuilding techniques.
  • 65. From which island did Datu Puti and his followers purchase land?
A) Samar
B) Borneo
C) Panay
D) Mindoro
  • 66. What artifact with Kawi script was found in Butuan?
A) A stone tablet
B) A bronze statue
C) A wooden carving
D) An Ivory seal
  • 67. Who ruled the Chieftaincy of Coron Island?
A) Datus
B) Rajahs
C) Tagbanua warriors
D) Spanish missionaries
  • 68. Who was Datu Macatunao also known as, according to Rev. Fr. Santaren?
A) Datu Puti
B) Labaodungon
C) Paybare
D) Rajah Makatunaw
  • 69. What type of ware did Japan import from Luzon?
A) Porcelain ware
B) Ceramic tiles
C) Mishima ware
D) Bronze ware
  • 70. Who was the paramount ruler of Tondo during the 1500s?
A) Sultan
B) Rajah
C) Lakan
D) Datu
  • 71. Who was the Negrito chieftain that sold Panay to Datu Puti and his followers?
A) Marikudo
B) Makatunaw
C) Paybare
D) Puti
  • 72. What does the term Singhapala translate to?
A) Trade City
B) Lion City
C) Rice City
D) Golden City
  • 73. Who was the customs inspector that wrote about Sandao in Chinese annals?
A) Chao Jukua
B) Zheng He
C) Fu Xi
D) Li Bai
  • 74. Which city did the Lucoes help defend against Burmese invaders in 1547?
A) Ayuthaya
B) Siam
C) Manila
D) Malacca
  • 75. During which centuries did Namayan reach its peak?
A) 11th–14th centuries
B) 13th–16th centuries
C) 15th–18th centuries
D) 9th–12th centuries
  • 76. During which years did the Pi-sho-ye conduct raids on southern China?
A) 1150–1180
B) 1174–1190
C) 1100–1125
D) 1200–1225
  • 77. Who introduced Islam to Mindanao?
A) Rajah Baguinda
B) Karim ul' Makdum
C) Shariff Mohammed Kabungsuwan
D) Shari'ful Hashem Syed Abu Bakr
  • 78. Which kingdom sent emissaries to China as a tributary-state between 1406 and 1411?
A) Pangasinan
B) Namayan
C) Kumintang
D) Cainta
  • 79. Who did Sultan Bolkiah marry to expand Brunei's influence in Luzon and Mindanao?
A) Laila Menchanai
B) Puteri Laila Menchanai
C) Rajah Salalila
D) Sultan Sulayman
  • 80. Which dynasty's products were traded by Tondo and Maynila?
A) Han Dynasty
B) Song Dynasty
C) Ming Dynasty
D) Tang Dynasty
  • 81. Which historian identified the pre-Islamic Bruneian Buddhist kingdom of Vijayapura?
A) Efren B. Isorena
B) Antonio Pigafetta
C) Robert Nicholl
D) Chao Ju-Kua
  • 82. Which inscription provides the earliest historical record of Tondo and other local polities?
A) The Cebu Stone Inscription
B) The Butuan Ivory Seal
C) The Laguna Copperplate Inscription
D) The Maynila Stone Inscription
  • 83. In which Chinese historical document is Pulilu mentioned?
A) Zhufan zhi
B) Zizhi Tongjian
C) Yijing
D) Shiji
  • 84. Who led the ten exiled datus that migrated to the central islands of the Philippines?
A) Labaodungon
B) Sang Aji
C) Datu Puti
D) Rajah Makatunaw
  • 85. Who were the Pi-sho-ye raids most likely conducted by, according to Efren B. Isorena?
A) Chinese merchants
B) People of Ibabao
C) Visayans from the Visayas islands
D) Srivijayan warriors
  • 86. Which Japanese merchant changed his surname to Luzon?
A) Toyotomi Hideyoshi
B) Tokugawa Ieyasu
C) Miyamoto Musashi
D) Luzon Sukezaemon
  • 87. Which country recognized the Kingdom of Cebu diplomatically?
A) India
B) Malaysia
C) Thailand (Siam)
D) China
  • 88. Which polity did Chinese historical accounts refer to as 'Luzon'?
A) Maynila
B) Cebu
C) Maguindanao
D) Butuan
  • 89. Which Prehispanic polity was centered at Polillo, Quezon?
A) Pulilu
B) Madja-as
C) Ma-i
D) Sandao
  • 90. When is the Calatagan pot with baybayin inscription dated to?
A) Mid 15th century
B) Late 17th century
C) Not later than early 16th century
D) Early 18th century
  • 91. How did the Spaniards refer to the people of Tondo?
A) Conquistadors
B) Encomenderos
C) Caciques
D) Hidalgos
  • 92. Which document marks the start of significant written records in the late 16th century?
A) Sulu Sultanate Charter
B) Doctrina Christiana
C) Baybayin Manuscript
D) Laguna Copperplate Inscription
  • 93. What was Sanmalan known for in Chinese records?
A) A precolonial Philippine kingdom on what is now Zamboanga.
B) The birthplace of the first Filipino king.
C) A major trading hub during the 1500s.
D) A colony under Spanish rule in the 1600s.
  • 94. Who represented Sanmalan at the Chinese imperial court in 982?
A) Chinese envoys.
B) Rajah Chulan himself.
C) Ambassador Ali Bakti.
D) A group of local traders.
  • 95. Where did Labaodungon and his wife, Ojaytanayon, settle after their return?
A) Samar
B) Panay
C) Moroboro
D) Odtojan
  • 96. What cultural practice did the locals in Pangasinan share with other maritime Southeast Asian ethnic groups?
A) Wearing iron armors.
B) Building wooden palaces.
C) Blackening their teeth.
D) Practicing ancestor worship.
  • 97. Who was executed during the Tondo Conspiracy of 1587–1588?
A) Agustín de Legazpi
B) Lakan Dula
C) Rajah Salalila
D) Magat Salamat
  • 98. Which civilization was the ancestral homeland of the Visayans according to Robert Nicholl?
A) Srivijaya Empire
B) Brunei
C) Madja-as
D) Funan Civilization
  • 99. Which Sultanate was subjugated by Brunei to the south?
A) Maguindanao
B) Kutai
C) Sulu
D) Lanao
  • 100. Who was the legendary ruler associated with Kumintang?
A) Gat Pulintan
B) A Spanish governor
C) Chao Ju-kua
D) King Kamayin
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