Philippine history - Test
Philippine history
  • 1. The history of the Philippines is a rich tapestry of diverse cultures, colonial influences, and struggles for independence. From ancient civilizations like the Majapahit Empire to the Spanish colonization and the subsequent American occupation, the Filipino people have endured various challenges and triumphs. The fight for independence led by national heroes like Jose Rizal and Andres Bonifacio culminated in the declaration of independence in 1898. The Philippines has since evolved into a vibrant nation with a unique blend of traditions, languages, and customs. Despite its tumultuous past, the Philippines continues to thrive as a resilient and dynamic country in Southeast Asia.

    When did the Philippines gain independence from Spanish colonization?
A) June 12, 1898
B) July 4, 1946
C) September 21, 1972
D) December 7, 1941
  • 2. Which Philippine president declared martial law in 1972?
A) Ferdinand Marcos
B) Ramon Magsaysay
C) Benigno Aquino Jr.
D) Corazon Aquino
  • 3. Who was the leader of the Katipunan, a secret society that fought for Philippine independence?
A) Emilio Aguinaldo
B) Andres Bonifacio
C) Jose Rizal
D) Manuel L. Quezon
  • 4. Who was the first President of the Philippines?
A) Manuel L. Quezon
B) Emilio Aguinaldo
C) Sergio Osmena
D) Carlos P. Garcia
  • 5. Who was the first Filipino saint?
A) Pedro Calungsod
B) Ramon Magsaysay
C) Lorenzo Ruiz
D) Gregorio del Pilar
  • 6. Which event led to the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1898, signaling the end of the Spanish-American War?
A) The Battle of Manila Bay
B) The Siege of Baler
C) The execution of Jose Rizal
D) The Cry of Pugad Lawin
  • 7. Which Philippine president was known as the 'Greatest President of the Commonwealth Period'?
A) Benigno Aquino Jr.
B) Manuel L. Quezon
C) Emilio Aguinaldo
D) Sergio Osmena
  • 8. Which American general led the US forces that captured Emilio Aguinaldo?
A) Dwight D. Eisenhower
B) Frederick Funston
C) George S. Patton
D) Douglas MacArthur
  • 9. What was the name of the first Philippine constitution?
A) Aguinaldo Constitution
B) Quezon Constitution
C) Mabini Constitution
D) Malolos Constitution
  • 10. Who was the leader of the Filipino Muslims who led armed resistance against the Spanish colonial government?
A) Sultan Kudarat
B) Datu Lapu-Lapu
C) Lapu-Lapu
D) Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah
  • 11. Which Philippine president was assassinated at the Manila International Airport in 1983?
A) Benigno Aquino Jr.
B) Joseph Estrada
C) Fidel V. Ramos
D) Ramon Magsaysay
  • 12. In what year did the Philippines declare its independence from the United States?
A) 1962
B) 1946
C) 1935
D) 1952
  • 13. Which Filipino hero was known as the 'Sublime Paralytic'?
A) Emilio Aguinaldo
B) Andres Bonifacio
C) Jose Rizal
D) Apolinario Mabini
  • 14. Which US president granted the Philippines independence on July 4, 1946?
A) Franklin D. Roosevelt
B) Dwight D. Eisenhower
C) John F. Kennedy
D) Harry S. Truman
  • 15. When was the EDSA People Power Revolution?
A) 1972
B) 2001
C) 1986
D) 1992
  • 16. Which Philippine president was known as the 'Asian Diplomat'?
A) Carlos P. Garcia
B) Elpidio Quirino
C) Manuel Roxas
D) Sergio Osmena
  • 17. Where did the Battle of Tirad Pass, where Gregorio del Pilar died, take place?
A) Bataan
B) Batangas
C) Cavite
D) Ilocos Sur
  • 18. Who was the first Filipino cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church?
A) Orlando Quevedo
B) Luis Antonio Tagle
C) Rufino Jiao Santos
D) Jaime Sin
  • 19. In what year did the Philippines host the Miss Universe pageant for the first time?
A) 1974
B) 1969
C) 1997
D) 1981
  • 20. Which American governor-general ordered the establishment of the University of the Philippines?
A) Theodore Roosevelt
B) Harry S. Truman
C) William Howard Taft
D) Woodrow Wilson
  • 21. When did the earliest hominin activity occur in the Philippines?
A) Around 3000 BCE
B) In the first millennium CE
C) By 47,000 years ago
D) At least by 709,000 years ago
  • 22. Which species of archaic humans was present on Luzon by 134,000 years ago?
A) Neanderthals
B) Homo sapiens
C) Homo luzonensis
D) Denisovans
  • 23. Where were the earliest known anatomically modern humans in the Philippines found?
A) Tabon Caves in Palawan
B) Cagayan
C) Rizal, Kalinga
D) Callao Cave
  • 24. Which groups were the first to settle in prehistoric Philippines?
A) Negrito groups
B) Hanunoo
C) Malayo-Polynesians
D) Austronesians
  • 25. From where did Austronesian-speaking peoples migrate to the Philippines around 3000 BCE?
A) Taiwan
B) China
C) Japan
D) India
  • 26. Which cultures were linked to Austronesians before their expansion out of Taiwan?
A) Liangzhu and Majiabang only
B) Hemudu, Liangzhu, and Dapenkeng
C) Dapenkeng and Majiabang only
D) Majiabang and Hemudu only
  • 27. What is the most widely accepted theory of Austronesian migration?
A) : The 'Out-of-Taiwan' model
B) The 'Out-of-Japan' model
C) The 'Out-of-China' model
D) The 'Out-of-India' model
  • 28. Which cultures share common cultural markers with Austronesians?
A) Taiwanese indigenous peoples, Islander Southeast Asians, Chams, Islander Melanesians, Micronesians, Polynesians, and the Malagasy people
B) Han Chinese and Japanese
C) Indian subcontinent cultures only
D) European settlers
  • 29. What distinct kinds of peoples developed in the Philippines by 1000 BCE?
A) Only tribal groups and harbor principalities
B) Only harbor principalities and petty plutocracy
C) Tribal groups, warrior societies, petty plutocracy, and harbor principalities
D) Only tribal groups and warrior societies
  • 30. When did early metallurgy reach the Philippine archipelagos?
A) In the first millennium CE
B) During Spanish colonial rule
C) Around 300–700 CE
D) By 1000 BCE via trade with India
  • 31. Which religions influenced the seafaring peoples of the Philippines between 300–700 CE?
A) Islam and Christianity
B) Confucianism and Taoism
C) Buddhism and Hinduism
D) Shintoism and Animism
  • 32. Which city was the first permanent Spanish settlement established in?
A) Cebu
B) Davao
C) Zamboanga
D) Manila
  • 33. What was established by the United States to rule the Philippines after 1898?
A) Direct rule by the U.S. Congress
B) The Insular Government
C) The Philippine Commonwealth
D) The Viceroyalty of New Spain
  • 34. What did the Jones Act promise for the Philippines?
A) Independence
B) Permanent annexation to the United States
C) Continued colonial rule
D) Full integration into the U.S. as a state
  • 35. When was the Philippine Commonwealth established?
A) In 1935
B) In 1898
C) In 1907
D) In 1946
  • 36. Which country occupied the Philippines during World War II?
A) Italy
B) The United States
C) Japan
D) Germany
  • 37. Where was the Sa Huỳnh culture primarily centered?
A) Central Thailand
B) Palawan, Philippines
C) Present-day Vietnam
D) Taiwan
  • 38. What is the Maitum anthropomorphic pottery dated to?
A) 400 BCE–1500 CE
B) Around 200 CE
C) 500–700 CE
D) 1000–1200 CE
  • 39. In what script was the Laguna Copperplate Inscription written?
A) Kawi script
B) Arabic script
C) Baybayin script
D) Latin script
  • 40. What culture influenced Manila Bay during the time of the Laguna Copperplate Inscription?
A) Chinese
B) Hindu–Old Malay amalgamation
C) Greek and Roman
D) Arab
  • 41. Which Arab chronicler wrote about the military competition between Muja and Mayd with the Chinese Empire?
A) Al Ya'akubi
B) Abu al-Fida
C) Al-Masudi
D) Ibn Battuta
  • 42. Who was appointed by the Yongle Emperor to oversee trade in Tondo?
A) Li Bo
B) Ko Ch'a-lao
C) Zheng He
D) Macao
  • 43. What was the outcome of the Castilian War for the Spanish?
A) They temporarily seized Brunei's capital.
B) They established a permanent colony in Brunei.
C) They lost to the Bruneians.
D) They permanently conquered Brunei.
  • 44. What year did Kumintang become a Spanish town?
A) 1599
B) 1581
C) 1605
D) 1576
  • 45. From which place did the founders of the Sultanate of Sulu arrive?
A) Malacca
B) Brunei
C) Butuan Rajahnate
D) Johore, Malaysia
  • 46. Pulilu was politically connected to which nation at the Calamianes?
A) Sandao
B) Ma-i
C) Madja-as
D) Brunei
  • 47. Which river bisected the fortified polity of Cainta?
A) The Marikina River
B) The Calumpang River
C) The Lingayen Gulf
D) The Pasig River
  • 48. What larger country was Sandao a vassal-state to?
A) Srivijaya
B) Madja-as
C) Ma-i
D) Pulilu
  • 49. Which Philippine kingdom regained independence after Brunei's invasion?
A) Sulu.
B) Cebu.
C) Iloilo.
D) Manila.
  • 50. Which present-day location corresponds to the ancient Jiamayan?
A) Davao
B) Zamboanga
C) Cebu
D) Calamian
  • 51. What name was given to the confederation of polities established by Datu Puti and his followers?
A) Sandao
B) Madja-as
C) Pulilu
D) Ma-i
  • 52. What was the time period during which Ma-i is recorded in Song dynasty history?
A) 900–1100
B) 1000–1200
C) 1300–1500
D) Before 971 – after 1339
  • 53. Who founded the Kingdom of Cebu?
A) Rajah Humabon
B) Datu Lapulapu
C) Sri Lumay, also known as Rajamuda Lumaya
D) Rajah Sri Bata Shaja
  • 54. What evidence supports the existence of the Rajahnate of Butuan?
A) The Cebu Stone Inscription
B) The Laguna Copperplate Inscription
C) The Maynila Stone
D) The Butuan Silver Paleograph
  • 55. What type of weapons were encountered in naval battles in Pangasinan?
A) Chinese crossbows
B) European longbows
C) Japanese-style gunpowder weapons
D) Indian war elephants
  • 56. Who ruled the maritime societies in precolonial Philippines?
A) Datus, wangs, rajahs, sultans or lakans
B) Emperors and queens
C) Elected officials
D) Military generals
  • 57. What was unique about the Sultanate system in Lanao compared to Sulu and Maguindanao?
A) It was uniquely decentralized.
B) It had no royal houses.
C) It did not follow Islamic principles.
D) It was centralized under one ruler.
  • 58. Which language is classified as a Southern Visayan language in the Sulu state?
A) Yakan
B) Cham
C) Tausug
D) Malay
  • 59. Who are the ancestors of the local Yakan people?
A) Hindu Sulu
B) The Orang Dampuans
C) Visayan migrants
D) Buranuns
  • 60. Which class did the Lakan belong to in ancient Tagalog society?
A) Timawa
B) Datu
C) Maharlika
D) Alipin
  • 61. Which river was the polity of Kumintang located around?
A) Pasig River
B) Calumpang River
C) Marikina River
D) Lingayen Gulf
  • 62. What did the datus in Panay and other Visayan islands do after returning from Borneo?
A) Established a new confederation
B) Founded various towns
C) Joined forces with Rajah Makatunaw
D) Returned to their original homeland
  • 63. What was a primary trade good from Pangasinan in exchange for Japanese and Chinese goods?
A) Porcelain
B) Spices
C) Gold
D) Silk
  • 64. What was Pangasinan known for in Chinese records during the early 15th century?
A) Its salt-making industry.
B) Ceramic production.
C) Shipbuilding techniques.
D) Gold mining operations.
  • 65. From which island did Datu Puti and his followers purchase land?
A) Borneo
B) Panay
C) Mindoro
D) Samar
  • 66. What artifact with Kawi script was found in Butuan?
A) A stone tablet
B) A bronze statue
C) A wooden carving
D) An Ivory seal
  • 67. Who ruled the Chieftaincy of Coron Island?
A) Datus
B) Rajahs
C) Tagbanua warriors
D) Spanish missionaries
  • 68. Who was Datu Macatunao also known as, according to Rev. Fr. Santaren?
A) Paybare
B) Datu Puti
C) Labaodungon
D) Rajah Makatunaw
  • 69. What type of ware did Japan import from Luzon?
A) Ceramic tiles
B) Porcelain ware
C) Bronze ware
D) Mishima ware
  • 70. Who was the paramount ruler of Tondo during the 1500s?
A) Lakan
B) Rajah
C) Sultan
D) Datu
  • 71. Who was the Negrito chieftain that sold Panay to Datu Puti and his followers?
A) Paybare
B) Puti
C) Makatunaw
D) Marikudo
  • 72. What does the term Singhapala translate to?
A) Trade City
B) Lion City
C) Rice City
D) Golden City
  • 73. Who was the customs inspector that wrote about Sandao in Chinese annals?
A) Chao Jukua
B) Li Bai
C) Fu Xi
D) Zheng He
  • 74. Which city did the Lucoes help defend against Burmese invaders in 1547?
A) Manila
B) Malacca
C) Siam
D) Ayuthaya
  • 75. During which centuries did Namayan reach its peak?
A) 9th–12th centuries
B) 15th–18th centuries
C) 13th–16th centuries
D) 11th–14th centuries
  • 76. During which years did the Pi-sho-ye conduct raids on southern China?
A) 1150–1180
B) 1200–1225
C) 1100–1125
D) 1174–1190
  • 77. Who introduced Islam to Mindanao?
A) Karim ul' Makdum
B) Shari'ful Hashem Syed Abu Bakr
C) Shariff Mohammed Kabungsuwan
D) Rajah Baguinda
  • 78. Which kingdom sent emissaries to China as a tributary-state between 1406 and 1411?
A) Cainta
B) Kumintang
C) Pangasinan
D) Namayan
  • 79. Who did Sultan Bolkiah marry to expand Brunei's influence in Luzon and Mindanao?
A) Sultan Sulayman
B) Rajah Salalila
C) Puteri Laila Menchanai
D) Laila Menchanai
  • 80. Which dynasty's products were traded by Tondo and Maynila?
A) Song Dynasty
B) Tang Dynasty
C) Ming Dynasty
D) Han Dynasty
  • 81. Which historian identified the pre-Islamic Bruneian Buddhist kingdom of Vijayapura?
A) Antonio Pigafetta
B) Efren B. Isorena
C) Robert Nicholl
D) Chao Ju-Kua
  • 82. Which inscription provides the earliest historical record of Tondo and other local polities?
A) The Maynila Stone Inscription
B) The Laguna Copperplate Inscription
C) The Cebu Stone Inscription
D) The Butuan Ivory Seal
  • 83. In which Chinese historical document is Pulilu mentioned?
A) Shiji
B) Zizhi Tongjian
C) Yijing
D) Zhufan zhi
  • 84. Who led the ten exiled datus that migrated to the central islands of the Philippines?
A) Rajah Makatunaw
B) Labaodungon
C) Sang Aji
D) Datu Puti
  • 85. Who were the Pi-sho-ye raids most likely conducted by, according to Efren B. Isorena?
A) Chinese merchants
B) People of Ibabao
C) Srivijayan warriors
D) Visayans from the Visayas islands
  • 86. Which Japanese merchant changed his surname to Luzon?
A) Tokugawa Ieyasu
B) Luzon Sukezaemon
C) Toyotomi Hideyoshi
D) Miyamoto Musashi
  • 87. Which country recognized the Kingdom of Cebu diplomatically?
A) Thailand (Siam)
B) Malaysia
C) China
D) India
  • 88. Which polity did Chinese historical accounts refer to as 'Luzon'?
A) Maguindanao
B) Maynila
C) Butuan
D) Cebu
  • 89. Which Prehispanic polity was centered at Polillo, Quezon?
A) Ma-i
B) Pulilu
C) Sandao
D) Madja-as
  • 90. When is the Calatagan pot with baybayin inscription dated to?
A) Mid 15th century
B) Not later than early 16th century
C) Late 17th century
D) Early 18th century
  • 91. How did the Spaniards refer to the people of Tondo?
A) Caciques
B) Encomenderos
C) Hidalgos
D) Conquistadors
  • 92. Which document marks the start of significant written records in the late 16th century?
A) Doctrina Christiana
B) Laguna Copperplate Inscription
C) Baybayin Manuscript
D) Sulu Sultanate Charter
  • 93. What was Sanmalan known for in Chinese records?
A) A precolonial Philippine kingdom on what is now Zamboanga.
B) The birthplace of the first Filipino king.
C) A colony under Spanish rule in the 1600s.
D) A major trading hub during the 1500s.
  • 94. Who represented Sanmalan at the Chinese imperial court in 982?
A) Rajah Chulan himself.
B) Ambassador Ali Bakti.
C) Chinese envoys.
D) A group of local traders.
  • 95. Where did Labaodungon and his wife, Ojaytanayon, settle after their return?
A) Samar
B) Moroboro
C) Odtojan
D) Panay
  • 96. What cultural practice did the locals in Pangasinan share with other maritime Southeast Asian ethnic groups?
A) Building wooden palaces.
B) Wearing iron armors.
C) Practicing ancestor worship.
D) Blackening their teeth.
  • 97. Who was executed during the Tondo Conspiracy of 1587–1588?
A) Rajah Salalila
B) Magat Salamat
C) Lakan Dula
D) Agustín de Legazpi
  • 98. Which civilization was the ancestral homeland of the Visayans according to Robert Nicholl?
A) Madja-as
B) Funan Civilization
C) Brunei
D) Srivijaya Empire
  • 99. Which Sultanate was subjugated by Brunei to the south?
A) Kutai
B) Sulu
C) Lanao
D) Maguindanao
  • 100. Who was the legendary ruler associated with Kumintang?
A) A Spanish governor
B) Gat Pulintan
C) Chao Ju-kua
D) King Kamayin
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