Philippine history - Test
Philippine history
  • 1. The history of the Philippines is a rich tapestry of diverse cultures, colonial influences, and struggles for independence. From ancient civilizations like the Majapahit Empire to the Spanish colonization and the subsequent American occupation, the Filipino people have endured various challenges and triumphs. The fight for independence led by national heroes like Jose Rizal and Andres Bonifacio culminated in the declaration of independence in 1898. The Philippines has since evolved into a vibrant nation with a unique blend of traditions, languages, and customs. Despite its tumultuous past, the Philippines continues to thrive as a resilient and dynamic country in Southeast Asia.

    When did the Philippines gain independence from Spanish colonization?
A) June 12, 1898
B) September 21, 1972
C) December 7, 1941
D) July 4, 1946
  • 2. Which Philippine president declared martial law in 1972?
A) Benigno Aquino Jr.
B) Corazon Aquino
C) Ferdinand Marcos
D) Ramon Magsaysay
  • 3. Who was the leader of the Katipunan, a secret society that fought for Philippine independence?
A) Emilio Aguinaldo
B) Manuel L. Quezon
C) Andres Bonifacio
D) Jose Rizal
  • 4. Who was the first President of the Philippines?
A) Carlos P. Garcia
B) Emilio Aguinaldo
C) Sergio Osmena
D) Manuel L. Quezon
  • 5. Who was the first Filipino saint?
A) Pedro Calungsod
B) Ramon Magsaysay
C) Gregorio del Pilar
D) Lorenzo Ruiz
  • 6. Which event led to the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1898, signaling the end of the Spanish-American War?
A) The Battle of Manila Bay
B) The Siege of Baler
C) The Cry of Pugad Lawin
D) The execution of Jose Rizal
  • 7. Which Philippine president was known as the 'Greatest President of the Commonwealth Period'?
A) Emilio Aguinaldo
B) Benigno Aquino Jr.
C) Sergio Osmena
D) Manuel L. Quezon
  • 8. Which American general led the US forces that captured Emilio Aguinaldo?
A) Frederick Funston
B) Dwight D. Eisenhower
C) George S. Patton
D) Douglas MacArthur
  • 9. What was the name of the first Philippine constitution?
A) Aguinaldo Constitution
B) Malolos Constitution
C) Quezon Constitution
D) Mabini Constitution
  • 10. Who was the leader of the Filipino Muslims who led armed resistance against the Spanish colonial government?
A) Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah
B) Sultan Kudarat
C) Datu Lapu-Lapu
D) Lapu-Lapu
  • 11. Which Philippine president was assassinated at the Manila International Airport in 1983?
A) Ramon Magsaysay
B) Benigno Aquino Jr.
C) Joseph Estrada
D) Fidel V. Ramos
  • 12. In what year did the Philippines declare its independence from the United States?
A) 1946
B) 1962
C) 1952
D) 1935
  • 13. Which Filipino hero was known as the 'Sublime Paralytic'?
A) Andres Bonifacio
B) Emilio Aguinaldo
C) Apolinario Mabini
D) Jose Rizal
  • 14. Which US president granted the Philippines independence on July 4, 1946?
A) Franklin D. Roosevelt
B) Dwight D. Eisenhower
C) John F. Kennedy
D) Harry S. Truman
  • 15. When was the EDSA People Power Revolution?
A) 1972
B) 1986
C) 2001
D) 1992
  • 16. Which Philippine president was known as the 'Asian Diplomat'?
A) Sergio Osmena
B) Carlos P. Garcia
C) Manuel Roxas
D) Elpidio Quirino
  • 17. Where did the Battle of Tirad Pass, where Gregorio del Pilar died, take place?
A) Batangas
B) Cavite
C) Ilocos Sur
D) Bataan
  • 18. Who was the first Filipino cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church?
A) Jaime Sin
B) Orlando Quevedo
C) Luis Antonio Tagle
D) Rufino Jiao Santos
  • 19. In what year did the Philippines host the Miss Universe pageant for the first time?
A) 1969
B) 1974
C) 1997
D) 1981
  • 20. Which American governor-general ordered the establishment of the University of the Philippines?
A) Theodore Roosevelt
B) Harry S. Truman
C) Woodrow Wilson
D) William Howard Taft
  • 21. When did the earliest hominin activity occur in the Philippines?
A) Around 3000 BCE
B) By 47,000 years ago
C) At least by 709,000 years ago
D) In the first millennium CE
  • 22. Which species of archaic humans was present on Luzon by 134,000 years ago?
A) Denisovans
B) Neanderthals
C) Homo sapiens
D) Homo luzonensis
  • 23. Where were the earliest known anatomically modern humans in the Philippines found?
A) Cagayan
B) Rizal, Kalinga
C) Tabon Caves in Palawan
D) Callao Cave
  • 24. Which groups were the first to settle in prehistoric Philippines?
A) Hanunoo
B) Malayo-Polynesians
C) Negrito groups
D) Austronesians
  • 25. From where did Austronesian-speaking peoples migrate to the Philippines around 3000 BCE?
A) China
B) Taiwan
C) Japan
D) India
  • 26. Which cultures were linked to Austronesians before their expansion out of Taiwan?
A) Majiabang and Hemudu only
B) Hemudu, Liangzhu, and Dapenkeng
C) Dapenkeng and Majiabang only
D) Liangzhu and Majiabang only
  • 27. What is the most widely accepted theory of Austronesian migration?
A) The 'Out-of-India' model
B) The 'Out-of-Japan' model
C) The 'Out-of-China' model
D) : The 'Out-of-Taiwan' model
  • 28. Which cultures share common cultural markers with Austronesians?
A) Han Chinese and Japanese
B) Taiwanese indigenous peoples, Islander Southeast Asians, Chams, Islander Melanesians, Micronesians, Polynesians, and the Malagasy people
C) Indian subcontinent cultures only
D) European settlers
  • 29. What distinct kinds of peoples developed in the Philippines by 1000 BCE?
A) Only harbor principalities and petty plutocracy
B) Only tribal groups and harbor principalities
C) Tribal groups, warrior societies, petty plutocracy, and harbor principalities
D) Only tribal groups and warrior societies
  • 30. When did early metallurgy reach the Philippine archipelagos?
A) In the first millennium CE
B) By 1000 BCE via trade with India
C) During Spanish colonial rule
D) Around 300–700 CE
  • 31. Which religions influenced the seafaring peoples of the Philippines between 300–700 CE?
A) Shintoism and Animism
B) Buddhism and Hinduism
C) Confucianism and Taoism
D) Islam and Christianity
  • 32. Which city was the first permanent Spanish settlement established in?
A) Cebu
B) Davao
C) Manila
D) Zamboanga
  • 33. What was established by the United States to rule the Philippines after 1898?
A) The Viceroyalty of New Spain
B) The Insular Government
C) The Philippine Commonwealth
D) Direct rule by the U.S. Congress
  • 34. What did the Jones Act promise for the Philippines?
A) Full integration into the U.S. as a state
B) Independence
C) Continued colonial rule
D) Permanent annexation to the United States
  • 35. When was the Philippine Commonwealth established?
A) In 1935
B) In 1898
C) In 1907
D) In 1946
  • 36. Which country occupied the Philippines during World War II?
A) Japan
B) Italy
C) The United States
D) Germany
  • 37. Where was the Sa Huỳnh culture primarily centered?
A) Taiwan
B) Central Thailand
C) Present-day Vietnam
D) Palawan, Philippines
  • 38. What is the Maitum anthropomorphic pottery dated to?
A) 1000–1200 CE
B) 500–700 CE
C) Around 200 CE
D) 400 BCE–1500 CE
  • 39. In what script was the Laguna Copperplate Inscription written?
A) Arabic script
B) Kawi script
C) Baybayin script
D) Latin script
  • 40. What culture influenced Manila Bay during the time of the Laguna Copperplate Inscription?
A) Chinese
B) Arab
C) Hindu–Old Malay amalgamation
D) Greek and Roman
  • 41. Which document marks the start of significant written records in the late 16th century?
A) Doctrina Christiana
B) Laguna Copperplate Inscription
C) Baybayin Manuscript
D) Sulu Sultanate Charter
  • 42. What artifact with Kawi script was found in Butuan?
A) An Ivory seal
B) A wooden carving
C) A bronze statue
D) A stone tablet
  • 43. When is the Calatagan pot with baybayin inscription dated to?
A) Mid 15th century
B) Late 17th century
C) Early 18th century
D) Not later than early 16th century
  • 44. Who ruled the maritime societies in precolonial Philippines?
A) Emperors and queens
B) Datus, wangs, rajahs, sultans or lakans
C) Military generals
D) Elected officials
  • 45. Who ruled the Chieftaincy of Coron Island?
A) Rajahs
B) Datus
C) Spanish missionaries
D) Tagbanua warriors
  • 46. Which inscription provides the earliest historical record of Tondo and other local polities?
A) The Butuan Ivory Seal
B) The Maynila Stone Inscription
C) The Laguna Copperplate Inscription
D) The Cebu Stone Inscription
  • 47. Who was the paramount ruler of Tondo during the 1500s?
A) Lakan
B) Datu
C) Sultan
D) Rajah
  • 48. Which dynasty's products were traded by Tondo and Maynila?
A) Song Dynasty
B) Ming Dynasty
C) Han Dynasty
D) Tang Dynasty
  • 49. Who was appointed by the Yongle Emperor to oversee trade in Tondo?
A) Ko Ch'a-lao
B) Li Bo
C) Macao
D) Zheng He
  • 50. Which class did the Lakan belong to in ancient Tagalog society?
A) Maharlika
B) Timawa
C) Alipin
D) Datu
  • 51. How did the Spaniards refer to the people of Tondo?
A) Conquistadors
B) Hidalgos
C) Caciques
D) Encomenderos
  • 52. Which Japanese merchant changed his surname to Luzon?
A) Miyamoto Musashi
B) Tokugawa Ieyasu
C) Luzon Sukezaemon
D) Toyotomi Hideyoshi
  • 53. Which polity did Chinese historical accounts refer to as 'Luzon'?
A) Butuan
B) Cebu
C) Maguindanao
D) Maynila
  • 54. What type of ware did Japan import from Luzon?
A) Porcelain ware
B) Bronze ware
C) Ceramic tiles
D) Mishima ware
  • 55. Which river bisected the fortified polity of Cainta?
A) The Lingayen Gulf
B) The Calumpang River
C) The Marikina River
D) The Pasig River
  • 56. During which centuries did Namayan reach its peak?
A) 13th–16th centuries
B) 11th–14th centuries
C) 9th–12th centuries
D) 15th–18th centuries
  • 57. Who was the legendary ruler associated with Kumintang?
A) A Spanish governor
B) Chao Ju-kua
C) King Kamayin
D) Gat Pulintan
  • 58. What year did Kumintang become a Spanish town?
A) 1576
B) 1605
C) 1599
D) 1581
  • 59. Which river was the polity of Kumintang located around?
A) Marikina River
B) Pasig River
C) Calumpang River
D) Lingayen Gulf
  • 60. What was Pangasinan known for in Chinese records during the early 15th century?
A) Its salt-making industry.
B) Shipbuilding techniques.
C) Gold mining operations.
D) Ceramic production.
  • 61. Which kingdom sent emissaries to China as a tributary-state between 1406 and 1411?
A) Kumintang
B) Namayan
C) Pangasinan
D) Cainta
  • 62. What cultural practice did the locals in Pangasinan share with other maritime Southeast Asian ethnic groups?
A) Building wooden palaces.
B) Blackening their teeth.
C) Practicing ancestor worship.
D) Wearing iron armors.
  • 63. What type of weapons were encountered in naval battles in Pangasinan?
A) Indian war elephants
B) Japanese-style gunpowder weapons
C) Chinese crossbows
D) European longbows
  • 64. What was a primary trade good from Pangasinan in exchange for Japanese and Chinese goods?
A) Silk
B) Spices
C) Porcelain
D) Gold
  • 65. Which Arab chronicler wrote about the military competition between Muja and Mayd with the Chinese Empire?
A) Al Ya'akubi
B) Al-Masudi
C) Ibn Battuta
D) Abu al-Fida
  • 66. Who was the customs inspector that wrote about Sandao in Chinese annals?
A) Fu Xi
B) Chao Jukua
C) Li Bai
D) Zheng He
  • 67. Which present-day location corresponds to the ancient Jiamayan?
A) Calamian
B) Cebu
C) Davao
D) Zamboanga
  • 68. What was the time period during which Ma-i is recorded in Song dynasty history?
A) 1000–1200
B) 900–1100
C) Before 971 – after 1339
D) 1300–1500
  • 69. Which Prehispanic polity was centered at Polillo, Quezon?
A) Madja-as
B) Ma-i
C) Pulilu
D) Sandao
  • 70. In which Chinese historical document is Pulilu mentioned?
A) Zizhi Tongjian
B) Shiji
C) Zhufan zhi
D) Yijing
  • 71. Pulilu was politically connected to which nation at the Calamianes?
A) Ma-i
B) Sandao
C) Madja-as
D) Brunei
  • 72. What larger country was Sandao a vassal-state to?
A) Srivijaya
B) Ma-i
C) Madja-as
D) Pulilu
  • 73. During which years did the Pi-sho-ye conduct raids on southern China?
A) 1150–1180
B) 1200–1225
C) 1100–1125
D) 1174–1190
  • 74. Who were the Pi-sho-ye raids most likely conducted by, according to Efren B. Isorena?
A) Chinese merchants
B) Srivijayan warriors
C) Visayans from the Visayas islands
D) People of Ibabao
  • 75. Who led the ten exiled datus that migrated to the central islands of the Philippines?
A) Labaodungon
B) Rajah Makatunaw
C) Datu Puti
D) Sang Aji
  • 76. From which island did Datu Puti and his followers purchase land?
A) Panay
B) Samar
C) Borneo
D) Mindoro
  • 77. Who was the Negrito chieftain that sold Panay to Datu Puti and his followers?
A) Paybare
B) Puti
C) Makatunaw
D) Marikudo
  • 78. What name was given to the confederation of polities established by Datu Puti and his followers?
A) Pulilu
B) Ma-i
C) Sandao
D) Madja-as
  • 79. Which historian identified the pre-Islamic Bruneian Buddhist kingdom of Vijayapura?
A) Antonio Pigafetta
B) Chao Ju-Kua
C) Efren B. Isorena
D) Robert Nicholl
  • 80. Which civilization was the ancestral homeland of the Visayans according to Robert Nicholl?
A) Madja-as
B) Funan Civilization
C) Srivijaya Empire
D) Brunei
  • 81. Who was Datu Macatunao also known as, according to Rev. Fr. Santaren?
A) Labaodungon
B) Paybare
C) Rajah Makatunaw
D) Datu Puti
  • 82. Where did Labaodungon and his wife, Ojaytanayon, settle after their return?
A) Moroboro
B) Samar
C) Odtojan
D) Panay
  • 83. What did the datus in Panay and other Visayan islands do after returning from Borneo?
A) Established a new confederation
B) Returned to their original homeland
C) Joined forces with Rajah Makatunaw
D) Founded various towns
  • 84. Who founded the Kingdom of Cebu?
A) Datu Lapulapu
B) Sri Lumay, also known as Rajamuda Lumaya
C) Rajah Sri Bata Shaja
D) Rajah Humabon
  • 85. What does the term Singhapala translate to?
A) Golden City
B) Rice City
C) Lion City
D) Trade City
  • 86. Which country recognized the Kingdom of Cebu diplomatically?
A) Thailand (Siam)
B) Malaysia
C) China
D) India
  • 87. What evidence supports the existence of the Rajahnate of Butuan?
A) The Cebu Stone Inscription
B) The Laguna Copperplate Inscription
C) The Maynila Stone
D) The Butuan Silver Paleograph
  • 88. What was Sanmalan known for in Chinese records?
A) A precolonial Philippine kingdom on what is now Zamboanga.
B) The birthplace of the first Filipino king.
C) A major trading hub during the 1500s.
D) A colony under Spanish rule in the 1600s.
  • 89. Who represented Sanmalan at the Chinese imperial court in 982?
A) Chinese envoys.
B) Rajah Chulan himself.
C) Ambassador Ali Bakti.
D) A group of local traders.
  • 90. Which Philippine kingdom regained independence after Brunei's invasion?
A) Cebu.
B) Iloilo.
C) Manila.
D) Sulu.
  • 91. From which place did the founders of the Sultanate of Sulu arrive?
A) Johore, Malaysia
B) Brunei
C) Butuan Rajahnate
D) Malacca
  • 92. Which language is classified as a Southern Visayan language in the Sulu state?
A) Tausug
B) Cham
C) Malay
D) Yakan
  • 93. Who are the ancestors of the local Yakan people?
A) Buranuns
B) Visayan migrants
C) The Orang Dampuans
D) Hindu Sulu
  • 94. Who introduced Islam to Mindanao?
A) Shariff Mohammed Kabungsuwan
B) Rajah Baguinda
C) Shari'ful Hashem Syed Abu Bakr
D) Karim ul' Makdum
  • 95. What was unique about the Sultanate system in Lanao compared to Sulu and Maguindanao?
A) It was centralized under one ruler.
B) It was uniquely decentralized.
C) It did not follow Islamic principles.
D) It had no royal houses.
  • 96. Who did Sultan Bolkiah marry to expand Brunei's influence in Luzon and Mindanao?
A) Puteri Laila Menchanai
B) Sultan Sulayman
C) Rajah Salalila
D) Laila Menchanai
  • 97. Which Sultanate was subjugated by Brunei to the south?
A) Kutai
B) Maguindanao
C) Lanao
D) Sulu
  • 98. Which city did the Lucoes help defend against Burmese invaders in 1547?
A) Siam
B) Manila
C) Ayuthaya
D) Malacca
  • 99. What was the outcome of the Castilian War for the Spanish?
A) They established a permanent colony in Brunei.
B) They temporarily seized Brunei's capital.
C) They permanently conquered Brunei.
D) They lost to the Bruneians.
  • 100. Who was executed during the Tondo Conspiracy of 1587–1588?
A) Agustín de Legazpi
B) Lakan Dula
C) Rajah Salalila
D) Magat Salamat
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