Domestication of the dog - Quiz
A) An alpine steppe B) A taiga steppe C) A mammoth steppe D) A boreal steppe
A) Up to 25 °C (45 °F) B) Up to 16 °C (29 °F) C) Up to 10 °C (18 °F) D) Up to 5 °C (9 °F)
A) Only in Eurasia B) No, there is no evidence C) Only in North America D) Yes, extensive evidence
A) They migrated to the tropics B) They switched entirely to eating plants C) They immediately domesticated themselves D) They suffered coextinction
A) 26,500 YBP B) 80,000 YBP C) 32,000 YBP D) 1 million YBP
A) Southern Spain and the Iberian Peninsula B) Central Eurasia and the Ural Mountains C) The high Arctic islands of Canada D) Eastern Beringia at Old Crow, Yukon, and Cripple Creek Sump, Fairbanks
A) 25,000 YBP B) 1 million YBP C) 80,000 YBP D) 32,000 YBP
A) 1 million YBP B) 25,000 YBP C) 80,000 YBP D) 32,000 YBP
A) The height of the Last Glacial Maximum B) The extinction of the dire wolf C) The commencement of their global demographic decline D) The complete domestication of the dog
A) Shifts in global magnetic fields B) Volcanic ash accumulation C) Differences in their prey size D) Direct human breeding programs
A) A preference for larger prey B) Living in warmer lowland regions C) A diet consisting exclusively of fish D) Isolation on remote islands
A) Lacking premolars entirely B) More gracile and delicate C) More cranio-dentally robust D) Possessing longer and narrower rostra
A) Digging deep underground burrows B) The processing of carcass and bone associated with Pleistocene megafauna C) Eating tough aquatic vegetation D) Catching fast-moving avian prey
A) The Ethiopian wolf B) The Falkland Islands wolf C) The Tasmanian wolf D) The dire wolf
A) The saber-toothed cat B) The African wild dog C) The brown bear D) The modern spotted hyena
A) That they never interbred with other populations B) That the ancient wolves went extinct C) That they evolved directly into modern domestic cats D) That they survived unchanged to the present day
A) Approximately 25,000 YBP B) Approximately 80,000 YBP C) Approximately 1 million YBP D) Approximately 10,000 YBP
A) The Last Glacial Maximum B) The Younger Dryas C) The Holocene Thermal Maximum D) The Late Pleistocene Interglacial
A) A Himalayan refuge B) An African refuge C) An Iberian refuge D) A Beringia refuge
A) They protected them B) They replaced them C) They domesticated them D) They drove them southward into Africa
A) Probably not B) Through direct lineal descent C) Without a doubt D) Yes, exclusively
A) Coat colour genes related to immunity B) Resistance to high altitudes C) Carnivorous digestive enzymes D) Larger body sizes and longer tails
A) The Himalayan wolf B) One or more ancient populations existing prior to the bottleneck C) The Indian plains wolf D) The modern dire wolf
A) Apex predators of the deep forest B) Modern grey wolves from the Beringian refuge C) Ancient wolf populations prior to the bottleneck D) Spotted hyenas
A) On the mesopredator level B) On the primary consumer level C) On the top trophic level D) On the bottom trophic level
A) An apex predator B) A mesopredator C) A primary producer D) An apex consumer
A) Super-apex predators B) Herbivores C) Primary producers D) Mesopredators
A) An extinct scavenger B) A helpless herbivore C) A pure mesopredator D) Today's apex predator
A) A domestic livestock animal B) A wild primate C) A solitary nomad D) An apex consumer
A) Its evolutionary success through expansion into a new ecological niche B) Its return to a purely solitary lifestyle C) Its permanent confinement to glaciers D) Its immediate extinction alongside megafauna
A) That dogs evolved from the spotted hyena B) That dogs evolved from the dire wolf C) That dogs evolved from the modern grey wolf D) That dogs were never related to canids
A) The Himalayan wolf exclusively B) An ancient species of wildcat C) The modern grey wolf D) An extinct type of wolf
A) Complete atrophy B) Pronounced development C) Absence from the skull D) Reduction in size
A) An elongated rostrum B) A shortened rostrum C) A missing rostrum D) A brightly colored rostrum
A) Robust premolars B) Reduced premolars C) Brittle premolars D) Flat herbivorous premolars
A) They exclusively hunted fish B) They refused to eat bones C) They only ate soft fruit and berries D) They were habitual bone crackers
A) That it only appeared after the Holocene B) That it was around for hundreds of thousands of years C) That it descended directly from domestic dogs D) That it originated in South America
A) They already predicted it in 1900 B) They were completely unsurprised C) They were very surprised D) They dismissed the finding as false
A) The Arctic wolf and the Mexican wolf B) The Himalayan wolf and the Indian plains wolf C) The Yukon wolf and the Eurasian wolf D) The dire wolf and the timber wolf
A) The sudden appearance of modern humans in America B) The domestication of the horse C) Massive expansion of tropical rainforests D) Extinctions of ecomorphs and phylogeographic shifts
A) Canis latrans B) Canis familiaris C) Canis aureus D) Canis lupus
A) Parallel evolution in the wild B) Recent cross-breeding in captivity C) Substantial dog-into-wolf gene flow D) Artificial selective breeding
A) The dog B) The wolf C) The cat D) The pig
A) Artificial selection B) Social selection C) Sexual selection D) Natural selection
A) The Erralla dog B) The Ain Mallaha dog C) The Palegawra dog D) The Bonn–Oberkassel dog
A) Sub-Saharan Africa B) Eurasia C) North America D) Australia
A) Erralla dog B) Palegawra dog C) Bonn–Oberkassel dog D) Ain Mallaha dog
A) 7,000 cal BP B) 11,400 cal BP C) 17,500 cal BP D) 14,500 cal BP
A) Franco-Cantabrian region B) Italian peninsula C) Carpathian region D) Balkan region
A) Magdalenian culture B) Zarzian culture C) Natufian culture D) Azilian culture
A) Ain Mallaha B) Erralla site C) Kesslerloch D) Abri le Morin
A) Shillourokambos B) Palegawra C) Kebara Cave D) Hayonim Cave
A) Two B) Three C) Five D) Ten
A) Western Europe B) Cyprus C) Siberia D) The Levant
A) Karelia B) Ancient America C) Lake Baikal D) The Levant
A) Lake Superior B) The Black Sea C) Lake Baikal D) The Caspian Sea
A) The Near East B) East Asia C) Western Europe D) Siberia
A) Morphological analysis B) Cytological analysis C) Histological analysis D) Phylogenetic analysis
A) Post-domestication gene flow B) Incomplete lineage sorting C) Mutation sparsity D) Phylogenetic drift
A) 2014 B) 2017 C) 2015 D) 2013
A) Last Glacial Maximum refuge B) Przewalski region C) Eurasian steppes D) Taymyr Peninsula
A) Pleistocene bone structure B) Mitochondrial DNA C) Whole genome sequencing of horses D) Nuclear genome
A) Pleistocene human remains B) Modern wolf ancestors C) Horse fossils D) Dog-like fossils
A) Human agriculture B) Dietary shifts C) Domestication pens D) Climate
A) Central Asia B) Western Europe C) North America D) Southeast Asia
A) Incomplete lineage sorting B) Genetic bottlenecks C) Introgression D) Natural hybridization
A) Central Asia B) Western Europe C) Southern Siberia D) The Middle East
A) Complete B) Uncertain C) Extinct D) Common
A) Two B) Four C) Three D) Five
A) 12% B) 78% C) 64% D) 22%
A) Erralla cave B) Kesslerloch cave C) Razboinichya Cave D) Grotta Romanelli
A) 12% B) 50% C) 22% D) 64%
A) Little Ice Age events B) Heinrich events C) Bond events D) Dansgaard-Oeschger events
A) 12th century B) 15th century C) 19th century D) Ancient Roman times
A) In the Altai Mountains, southern Siberia B) In Apulia, southern Italy C) Near Mechernich, Germany D) Near San Lazzaro di Savena, Bologna, northern Italy
A) 2018 B) 2015 C) 2020 D) 2013
A) A completely flat face B) A wolf-like morphology C) Floppy ears D) A miniature body size
A) Jaw B) Humerus C) Femur D) Skull
A) 50 canid genomes B) 100 canid skeletons C) 643 canid skulls D) 1,000 canid teeth
A) WOLF1 B) IFT88 C) SKULL50 D) DNA100
A) Gregor Mendel B) Charles Darwin C) Richard Leakey D) Pontus Skoglund
A) Artificial selection only B) Linear biological evolution C) Coevolutionary process D) A rapid mutation event
A) Three B) Four C) Two D) One
A) Socialization B) Bottleneck C) Domestication D) Coevolution
A) Primates B) Rodents C) Ungulates D) Carnivores
A) Lobo B) Romeo C) White Fang D) Balto
A) Socialization B) Agricultural development C) Phenotype divergence D) A population bottleneck
A) Commensal pathway B) Agricultural pathway C) Directed pathway D) Prey pathway
A) Carnivores have the most docile temperaments B) Carnivores are less afraid when approaching other species C) Carnivores are easier to breed in captivity D) Carnivores rely entirely on plant-based diets
A) Canidae B) Felidae C) Ursidae D) Mustelidae
A) Sick and injured older wolves B) Extremely aggressive lone wolves C) Alpha wolves seeking total control D) Less-aggressive, subdominant pack members
A) Genetic engineering B) Forced adaptation C) Self-domestication D) Artificial selection
A) Great reindeer herds B) Saber-toothed cats C) Woolly mammoths D) Wild horses
A) Primates B) Rodentia C) Carnivora D) Ungulates
A) 80% B) 10% C) 50% D) 20%
A) Illness B) Superhuman strength C) Better night vision D) Infertility
A) Game meat B) Fat C) Plant foods D) Fish
A) Marrow with high carbohydrate content B) Dry calcium C) Poisonous toxins D) Fatty oils
A) Months B) A couple of hours C) Only a few days D) Years without any limit
A) Agouti B) Pure white C) Solid black D) Spotted calico |
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