- 1. This quiz focuses on Nisyros, a volcanic island in the Dodecanese, Greece, famous for its well-preserved caldera. What is the name of the main crater of Nisyros?
A) Olympus
B) Volcano
C) Nea Kameni
D) Stefanos
- 2. The Stefanos crater is known for its fumaroles, which are openings in the Earth's crust emitting steam and gases. What is the primary gas released by these fumaroles?
A) Sulfur dioxide
B) Carbon monoxide
C) Nitrogen
D) Oxygen
- 3. The volcanic activity on Nisyros is part of a larger geological area. What is this area known as?
A) The Mediterranean Ridge
B) The Aegean Sea Rift
C) The Hellenic Volcanic Arc
D) The Cycladic Plateau
- 4. The rocks found in the Nisyros caldera are primarily of what type?
A) Igneous
B) Sedimentary
C) Volcanic
D) Metamorphic
- 5. Nisyros has experienced several volcanic eruptions throughout its history. When was the most recent significant eruption that formed the current caldera?
A) Around 1,000 years ago
B) Around 150,000 years ago
C) Around 500 years ago
D) Around 5,000 years ago
- 6. The caldera's landscape is characterized by its unique geological features. Which of the following is NOT a prominent feature of the Stefanos caldera?
A) Hydrothermal vents
B) Glacial valleys
C) Colorful mineral deposits
D) Mud pools
- 7. The soil in and around the caldera is rich in certain minerals due to volcanic activity. What economic activity was historically important on Nisyros, utilizing these mineral deposits?
A) Olive cultivation
B) Mining of sulfur
C) Vineyard farming
D) Fishing
- 8. The caldera is a popular tourist destination. What is the main town located near the caldera's entrance?
A) Paloi
B) Nikia
C) Emporios
D) Mandraki
- 9. The temperature of the fumaroles in the Stefanos crater can be quite high. What is a typical temperature range for these emissions?
A) 90-100°C
B) 20-30°C
C) 5-10°C
D) 150-200°C
- 10. The caldera's formation involved a massive volcanic event. What is the term for such a large-scale volcanic collapse?
A) Lava flow
B) Ash fall
C) Pyroclastic surge
D) Caldera collapse
- 11. Which of the following is a common mineral deposit found around the fumaroles, often giving them a yellow color?
A) Iron oxide
B) Calcite
C) Sulfur
D) Silica
- 12. The geological history of Nisyros is closely studied by scientists. What branch of science deals with the study of volcanoes?
A) Seismology
B) Paleontology
C) Geology
D) Volcanology
- 13. The island of Nisyros is situated in which part of the Aegean Sea?
A) Eastern
B) Western
C) Northern
D) Southern
- 14. What is the approximate diameter of the Stefanos crater?
A) 1 kilometer
B) 50 meters
C) 10 meters
D) 260 meters
- 15. The volcanic rocks of Nisyros are a result of molten rock erupting and cooling. What is molten rock called when it is beneath the Earth's surface?
A) Lava
B) Ash
C) Pumice
D) Magma
- 16. The Nisyros caldera is an active volcanic center. What does 'active' imply in a volcanic context?
A) Dormant and unlikely to erupt
B) Completely cooled and solid
C) Extinct with no potential for eruption
D) Capable of erupting
- 17. The unique environment of the caldera supports specific types of flora and fauna. Which of the following is NOT typically found in the immediate caldera area?
A) Heat-tolerant bacteria
B) Resistant plant species
C) Large mammals
D) Reptiles
- 18. The gases released from the fumaroles can pose a risk. What type of hazard is primarily associated with these volcanic gases?
A) Asphyxiation and irritation
B) Radiation exposure
C) Extreme heat burns
D) Corrosive acid damage
- 19. The layered deposits of ash and lava within the caldera provide a record of past volcanic activity. What is the scientific term for these layered deposits?
A) Tectonics
B) Petrology
C) Geomorphology
D) Stratigraphy
- 20. Nisyros is part of a volcanic island chain. Which other well-known Greek island is also part of the Hellenic Volcanic Arc?
A) Santorini
B) Rhodes
C) Mykonos
D) Crete
- 21. The colors seen in the mud pools of the caldera are often due to the presence of different minerals. Which color is commonly associated with iron deposits?
A) Green
B) White
C) Red/Brown
D) Blue
- 22. The hydrothermal activity in the caldera creates unique ecosystems. What is the term for life that thrives in extreme environments, such as hot springs?
A) Heterotrophs
B) Extremophiles
C) Photosynthesizers
D) Autotrophs
- 23. The Nisyros volcano is classified as a stratovolcano. What does this classification imply about its typical eruption style?
A) Gentle effusion of lava
B) Only underwater eruptions
C) Caldera collapse without eruption
D) Explosive with ash and lava
- 24. Scientists monitor Nisyros for signs of increased volcanic activity. What is one common method used to detect subtle ground deformation related to magma movement?
A) Air pressure sensors
B) Wind speed monitoring
C) GPS measurements
D) Tide gauge readings
- 25. The geothermal energy associated with the Nisyros caldera has been explored for potential energy production. What type of energy is derived from the Earth's heat?
A) Geothermal energy
B) Hydropower
C) Solar energy
D) Wind energy
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