Byzantine Papacy - Quiz
Byzantine Papacy
  • 1. What event helped dissipate the religious fever of the empire's Italian subjects?
A) The Third Council of Constantinople
B) The arrest of Martin I
C) The death of Constans II
D) The invasion of the Lombards
  • 2. For how long after Martin I did no pope refer to him again?
A) Fifty years
B) One hundred years
C) Twenty-five years
D) Seventy-five years
  • 3. How long did the sede vacante last after the arrest of Martin I?
A) Six months
B) Two years
C) One month
D) Fourteen months
  • 4. Which emperor delegated the approval of papal consecration to the exarch of Ravenna?
A) Constantine IV
B) Honorius I
C) Justinian I
D) Constans II
  • 5. Which official had the power to approve papal consecration from the time of Honorius I?
A) The Archbishop of Canterbury
B) The exarch of Ravenna
C) The Patriarch of Constantinople
D) The Pope
  • 6. Which emperor resided in Rome during the reign of Pope Vitalian?
A) Martin I
B) Justinian I
C) Constantine IV
D) Constans II
  • 7. Vitalian's name was entered on the diptychs of the churches in Byzantium, a feat not achieved since which pope?
A) Martin I
B) Agatho
C) Honorius I
D) Donus
  • 8. Whom did Pope Vitalian nominate as Archbishop of Canterbury?
A) Theodore of Tarsus
B) Mezezius
C) Adeodatus II
D) Constantine IV
  • 9. What did Constans II's workmen do to the monuments of Rome?
A) Stripped them of bronze
B) Gilded them with gold
C) Replaced the statues
D) Destroyed them
  • 10. Who murdered Constans II in Sicily?
A) Mezezius
B) The Exarch of Ravenna
C) Constantine IV
D) Vitalian
  • 11. Which city did Constantine IV return to papal jurisdiction?
A) Sicily
B) Canterbury
C) Constantinople
D) Ravenna
  • 12. Which Pope did the Third Council of Constantinople condemn?
A) Adeodatus II
B) Vitalian
C) Agatho
D) Honorius
  • 13. What council did Constantine IV summon in 680?
A) Third Council of Constantinople
B) Council of Chalcedon
C) Council of Ravenna
D) Second Council of Nicaea
  • 14. During the reconciliation period, how did the papacy begin to view the Universal Church?
A) As a branch of the Byzantine Empire
B) As synonymous with the Roman Church
C) As the sum of individual churches
D) As a collection of independent sees
  • 15. Why was the consecration of Pope Severinus delayed for 20 months?
A) Difficulty in travel
B) Disputes over tax payments
C) Refusal to accept monothelitism
D) The death of the Emperor
  • 16. What did imperial troops do to the papal residence in Constantinople after Pope Theodore excommunicated two Patriarchs?
A) Converted it into a prison
B) Demolished the foundations
C) Desecrated the altar
D) Burned the library
  • 17. What was the origin of Pope Theodore?
A) Roman-Italian
B) Syrian-Antiochian
C) Byzantine-Egyptian
D) Greek-Palestinian
  • 18. Why was Theodore specifically chosen as pope?
A) Ability to combat heresies in their native tongue
B) His family relationship to the Emperor
C) His long history as a diplomat in Rome
D) His extensive wealth to pay imperial taxes
  • 19. What occurred between Rome and Constantinople after Theodore's deposition of Patriarch Pyrrhus?
A) They were in schism and at open war
B) They formed a joint theological committee
C) They agreed to a temporary ceasefire
D) They signed a peace treaty
  • 20. What did Pope Martin I insist on regarding his consecration?
A) Waiting for a sign from the Emperor
B) Seeking the counsel of the Patriarch
C) Being consecrated immediately without imperial approval
D) Holding a public election in Constantinople
  • 21. Where was Pope Martin I exiled after being found guilty of treason?
A) Alexandria
B) Crimea
C) Ravenna
D) Jerusalem
  • 22. Who was arrested and tried alongside Pope Martin I in Constantinople?
A) Patriarch Sergius
B) Pope Eugenius I
C) Stephen of Dor
D) Maximus the Confessor
  • 23. What is the primary reason the Lateran Council of 649 is described as a 'manifestly Byzantine affair'?
A) It was presided over by the Patriarch of Constantinople
B) It was held inside the imperial palace
C) It was funded by the Emperor
D) Reliance on florilegia and its participants
  • 24. What was the 'Greek intermezzo' in the context of the Papacy?
A) The time when no popes were elected
B) The era of the first Byzantine military occupation
C) The period where the Pope lived in Greece
D) A period following the synod where Greek influence intensified
  • 25. Who captured Rome in 552, leading citizens to petition for his recall?
A) Silverius
B) Phocas
C) Justinian I
D) Narses
  • 26. Which emperor did Pope Gregory I enthusiastically endorse despite a disputed claim to the throne?
A) Justinian I
B) Silverius
C) Phocas
D) Narses
  • 27. Which site was converted into a Christian church by imperial order in 609?
A) The Roman Forum
B) The Catacombs of Rome
C) The Pantheon
D) The Basilica of Saint Peter
  • 28. Which Pope, a Greek Sicilian, began the period of Eastern pontiffs?
A) John V
B) Benedict II
C) Agatho
D) Sergius I
  • 29. During the reign of which Pope was the ancient practice of election by the general population returned to?
A) Conon
B) Sergius I
C) Agatho
D) John V
  • 30. What title was held by the official dispatched to arrest Pope Sergius I?
A) Magistrate
B) Patrician
C) Protospatharios
D) Exarch
  • 31. What was the nationality of Pope Constantine, who visited Constantinople in 710?
A) Syrian
B) Italian
C) Sicilian
D) Greek
  • 32. Which official executed four papal officials who refused to accompany Pope Constantine to Constantinople?
A) Tiberius Petasius
B) Constantine IV
C) John III Rizocopo
D) Zacharias
  • 33. Which region remained under Byzantine authority in Italy despite the empire's waning influence?
A) Venice
B) Ravenna
C) Rome
D) Sicily
  • 34. What happened to the exarch when he attempted to enforce the iconoclastic edict?
A) He converted to Christianity
B) He was lynched
C) He was exiled to Sicily
D) He was appointed as a bishop
  • 35. What punishment did the Roman synod of 731 declare for iconoclasm?
A) Excommunication
B) Execution
C) Heavy financial fines
D) Imprisonment
  • 36. Who did Pope Zacharias believe held the empire in his name?
A) The Roman Senate
B) The Byzantine aristocracy
C) Christ
D) The Church of Rome
  • 37. What was the primary external pressure contributing to the decline of Byzantine authority in Italy?
A) Economic inflation
B) Frankish invasions
C) Internal civil war
D) Muslim conquests
  • 38. In what year did Emperor Leo III confiscate papal patrimonies in south Italy and Sicily?
A) 741
B) 732/33
C) 800
D) 751
  • 39. Who was the last pope to seek approval for his election from a Byzantine ruler?
A) Pope Gregory II
B) Pope Zachary
C) Pope Donus
D) Pope Agatho
  • 40. The papacy recognized which ruler as Holy Roman Emperor in 800?
A) Romanos I
B) Leo III
C) Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus
D) Charlemagne
  • 41. Between 678 and 752, how many popes out of thirteen were native Romans?
A) Two
B) Thirteen
C) Zero
D) Six
  • 42. What were papal apocrisiarii in Constantinople equivalent to in modern terms?
A) Nuncio
B) Exarch
C) Emperor
D) Bishop
  • 43. The series of popes from John V to Zachary is often referred to by what name?
A) The Lombard Rule
B) The Roman Rebirth
C) Byzantine captivity
D) The Great Schism
  • 44. What is the 'schola Graeca' also known as?
A) The Byzantine Quarter
B) Piccolo Aventino
C) Ripa Graeca
D) Ad Balcernas
  • 45. The portion of the Aventine overlooking the Greek quarter was known by what name?
A) Ad Balcernas
B) The Eastern District
C) Ripa Graeca
D) The Great Schola
  • 46. What professional community in Rome was almost entirely comprised of Greeks during this period?
A) Architectural community
B) Medical community
C) Military leadership
D) Legal community
  • 47. How many Byzantine monasteries were in Rome by 678 according to the text?
A) Four
B) Six
C) Two
D) Thirteen
  • 48. Which institution did Greek monastics bring to Rome to serve the indigent?
A) Papal apocrisiarii
B) The schola Graeca
C) Monasteria diaconia
D) The Greek medical school
  • 49. In the 679 synod convoked by Agatho, what percentage of the priests were Eastern?
A) Two-thirds
B) One percent
C) One-half
D) Ninety percent
  • 50. Which of these names became popular in Rome as a result of Byzantine migration?
A) Sisinnes
B) Probus
C) Venantius
D) Faustus
  • 51. Which name disappeared from Roman usage according to the text?
A) Importunus
B) Georgios
C) Sergius
D) Thalassios
  • 52. Where were Greek-speaking prelates concentrated in Rome?
A) Aventine Hill
B) Vatican Hill
C) Palatine Hill
D) Capitoline Hill
  • 53. What architectural feature was introduced to the West by Greek monks in this period?
A) Stained glass
B) Templon barrier
C) Flying buttress
D) Gothic arch
  • 54. Which figure is identified as the protector of Constantinople and the model for Western mariology?
A) Theotokos
B) Saint Peter
C) Saint Paul
D) Saint John
  • 55. Where was the Byzantine quarter of Rome located?
A) Along the Tiber
B) On the Caelian Hill
C) Near the Colosseum
D) Outside the city walls
  • 56. Which Byzantine office was the model for the papal vestararius?
A) exarch
B) sakellarios
C) logothete
D) protovestiarios
  • 57. According to the text, what helped the Roman church debate theology with Byzantium on equal footing?
A) the discovery of ancient Latin manuscripts
B) the isolation of Rome from Constantinople
C) a theological flowering influenced by Eastern traditions
D) a sudden increase in Roman financial wealth
  • 58. Where did Gregory I claim the custom of saying 'Alleluia' in Mass originated?
A) Antioch
B) Alexandria
C) Constantinople
D) Jerusalem
  • 59. What did Roman clerics add to the Kyrie Eleison to distinguish it from the Greek version?
A) Amen
B) Dominus Vobiscum
C) Kyrie, Kyrie
D) Christe Eleison
  • 60. Which literary work reflects the impact of Eastern hagiographical traditions on Italy?
A) The Acts of the Martyrs
B) The Dialogues
C) The City of God
D) The History of the Church
  • 61. What did Gregory I claim regarding the practice of subdeacons participating in mass without tunics?
A) It had an ancient origin
B) It was imported from Persia
C) It was strictly a Roman invention
D) It was a modern heresy
  • 62. What is the date range of the mosaics in the Basilica of San Vitale?
A) 640–660
B) 549–570
C) 527–548
D) 580–600
  • 63. Which manuscript is identified as the earliest Latin Gospel book?
A) The Byzantine Psalter
B) St Augustine Gospels
C) The Ravenna Codex
D) The Lateran Gospel
  • 64. What is the status of the evidence regarding Greek artists escaping iconoclasm to the West?
A) There is overwhelming documentation
B) There is little or no direct evidence
C) It is proven by signed contracts
D) Archaeological records confirm it completely
  • 65. Which church contains the chapel of San Venanzio?
A) Sant'Agnese fuori le mura
B) Basilica of San Vitale
C) San Lorenzo fuori le Mura
D) Lateran Basilica
  • 66. What style did the new mosaic figures abandon?
A) Gothic realism
B) Byzantine flat color
C) Ostrogothic geometric patterns
D) Classical illusionism
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