Plant virus - Quiz
Plant virus
  • 1. What percentage of the time does the host ribosome terminate at the leaky stop codon in TMV?
A) 95%
B) 100%
C) 5%
D) 50%
  • 2. What is the function of the extra polypeptide produced via readthrough in TMV?
A) Coat protein
B) Movement protein
C) RNA polymerase
D) Proteinase
  • 3. What is the first protein translated in viruses that use sub-genomic RNAs?
A) Proteinase
B) Coat protein
C) Replicase
D) Movement protein
  • 4. Which family of plant viruses is mentioned as having a multipartite genome?
A) Bromoviridae
B) Potyviridae
C) Tymoviridae
D) Caulimoviridae
  • 5. How many particles are required for the infection of Brome mosaic virus?
A) 3
B) 2
C) 5
D) 1
  • 6. What percentage of plant viruses adopt polyprotein processing?
A) 45%
B) 5%
C) 95%
D) 15%
  • 7. What enzyme class is responsible for cleaving polyproteins into mature proteins?
A) Amylase
B) Replicase
C) Proteinase
D) Lipase
  • 8. Besides the infection process, what is viral replicase necessary for?
A) Vector attraction
B) Cell wall degradation
C) Symptom suppression
D) Genome packaging
  • 9. How many RNAs make up the genome of the Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV)?
A) 3
B) 5
C) 6
D) 1
  • 10. In BNYVV, what protein does RNA 1 encode?
A) P237
B) P31
C) P25
D) P26
  • 11. What protein is responsible for vector transmission in BNYVV?
A) P25
B) P21
C) P31
D) P14
  • 12. Which virus was used in the 17th-century 'tulip mania' to change flower colors?
A) Tulip breaking virus
B) Tobacco mosaic virus
C) Cauliflower mosaic virus
D) Brome mosaic virus
  • 13. Which promoter from the cauliflower mosaic virus is frequently used in plant transformations?
A) 17S promoter
B) P21 promoter
C) 35S promoter
D) P237 promoter
  • 14. Which of the following is a TMV-based expression technology?
A) BNYVV-express
B) magnICON
C) Tulip breaking vector
D) Bromoviridae kit
  • 15. What is the function of the protein P25 encoded by RNA 3 of BNYVV?
A) Coat protein
B) Vector transmission
C) Symptom expression
D) Protein cleavage
  • 16. Which viruses are generally transmitted via sap?
A) Beet necrotic yellow vein virus
B) TMV, potato viruses and cucumber mosaic viruses
C) Tobacco ringspot virus
D) Rhabdoviridae
  • 17. What common vector is often used for plant virus transmission?
A) Bacteria
B) Leafhoppers
C) Zoosporic protozoa
D) Fungi
  • 18. What determines the host range of many plant viruses?
A) The plant's height
B) The soil composition
C) The type of root system
D) The chosen insect vector
  • 19. Where do non-persistent viruses attach on the insect?
A) The foregut
B) The haemolymph
C) The distal tip of the stylet
D) The salivary glands
  • 20. Which virus class has been proposed as originally being insect viruses?
A) Tobacco rattle virus
B) Rhabdoviridae
C) Beet necrotic yellow vein virus
D) Tobacco ringspot virus
  • 21. In semi-persistent transmission, where does the virus enter?
A) The salivary glands
B) The haemolymph
C) The stylet tip
D) The foregut of the insect
  • 22. What is the name of the protein that protects circulative viruses inside aphids?
A) Lipid envelope
B) Symbionin
C) Helper component
D) Coat protein
  • 23. What characterizes propagative persistent viruses?
A) They only replicate in the plant root
B) They replicate in both the plant and the insect
C) They do not replicate in insects
D) They are only found in nematodes
  • 24. What is the function of the helper component in non-persistent and semi-persistent viruses?
A) Binding to the coat protein and insect mouthparts
B) Creating a lipid envelope
C) Replicating inside the insect cell
D) Protecting the virus from symbionin
  • 25. How do soil-borne nematodes acquire and transmit viruses?
A) Feeding on infected roots
B) Attaching to leaves
C) Replicating within the nematode gut
D) Infecting the insect vector
  • 26. Are viruses able to replicate in nematodes?
A) Only propagative ones
B) Yes, always
C) No evidence exists
D) Only circulative ones
  • 27. What do plasmodiophorids create to help other viruses enter the plant?
A) A lipid envelope
B) Wounds in the root
C) A protein bridge
D) A stylet attachment
  • 28. What is unique about the lipid coat in TSWV?
A) It is used for non-persistent transmission
B) It surrounds the proteins and is not seen in other classes
C) It is produced by bacterial symbionts
D) It allows replication in nematodes
  • 29. How are viruses classified based on transmission?
A) Sap, insect, and nematode-borne
B) Propagative, circulative, and dormant
C) Non-persistent, semi-persistent, and persistent
D) Root, leaf, and stem-borne
  • 30. What kind of microscope is required to observe plant viruses?
A) Phase-contrast microscope
B) Light microscope
C) Fluorescence microscope
D) Electron microscope
  • 31. How do viral particles assemble?
A) Via host ribosomes
B) Through enzymatic mediation
C) Spontaneously
D) Through external heating
  • 32. What is the most common shape among known plant viruses?
A) Rod-shaped
B) Spherical
C) Icosahedral
D) Gemini-shaped
  • 33. What is the typical diameter of a rod-shaped plant virus?
A) 25–50 nm
B) 15–20 nm
C) 60–80 nm
D) 5–10 nm
  • 34. What is the second most common structure for plant viruses?
A) Isometric particles
B) Filamentous particles
C) Geminiviridae particles
D) Rod-shaped particles
  • 35. What is the diameter range of isometric plant virus particles?
A) 300–500 nm
B) 25–50 nm
C) 100–200 nm
D) 15–20 nm
  • 36. How many T subunits make up the basic structure of isometric viruses with a single coat protein?
A) 60 T
B) 15 T
C) 100 T
D) 30 T
  • 37. What shape is formed when two coat proteins associate in certain plant viruses?
A) Rod-shaped
B) Icosahedral
C) Spiral
D) Cubical
  • 38. What is the characteristic structure of Geminiviridae?
A) A single long rod
B) A triple-layered disc
C) Two isometric particles stuck together
D) A large sphere with a tail
  • 39. What process results in the acquisition of a lipid envelope by a plant virus?
A) Budding off from the cell
B) Spontaneous disc stacking
C) Protein subunit assembly
D) Genome replication
  • 40. What kind of parasites are plant viruses?
A) Autotrophic organisms
B) Symbiotic microorganisms
C) Facultative extracellular parasites
D) Obligate intracellular parasites
  • 41. What is the preferred path for plant viruses to move between cells?
A) Stomata
B) Plasmodesmata
C) Xylem vessels
D) Root hairs
  • 42. What do plants use as a defense against viral infection in response to dsRNA?
A) siRNA
B) Antibodies
C) T-cells
D) Cellular lysosomes
  • 43. Who first demonstrated that sap from mosaic tobacco leaves could transmit the disease?
A) A. Mayer
B) Martinus Beijerinck
C) Wendell Stanley
D) F.O. Holmes
  • 44. What term did Martinus Beijerinck use to describe the infectious filtrate?
A) Filterable bacteria
B) Obligate parasite
C) Microbial toxin
D) Contagium vivum fluidum
  • 45. Who received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1946 for his work on TMV?
A) Martinus Beijerinck
B) A. Mayer
C) Wendell Stanley
D) F.O. Holmes
  • 46. How are plant viruses typically transmitted between plants?
A) By vectors like insects
B) Via direct sexual reproduction
C) Through self-locomotion
D) Through airborne transmission only
  • 47. Which of these plant families is mentioned as susceptible to seed transmission?
A) Pinaceae
B) Leguminosae
C) Cactaceae
D) Orchidaceae
  • 48. What do plant viruses induce plant cells to produce to traffic virions?
A) Toxic proteins
B) Membranous structures
C) Thick cell walls
D) Extra chlorophyll
  • 49. Which model was used to study the lipid alterations caused by plant viruses?
A) Yeast models
B) Bacterial cultures
C) Human lung cells
D) Computer simulations only
  • 50. What percentage of plant viruses have single-stranded RNA genomes?
A) 65%
B) 5%
C) 10%
D) 75%
  • 51. What percentage of plant viruses have +ssRNA genomes?
A) 10%
B) 65%
C) 5%
D) 75%
  • 52. How many proteins are typically encoded by a plant virus genome?
A) 15-20
B) 1-3
C) 50-100
D) 4-10
  • 53. What is the typical composition of a 5' Cap structure?
A) 7MeGpppC
B) 7MeGpppN
C) 7MeGpppT
D) 7MeGpppU
  • 54. Which enzyme activity is encoded by viral proteins to allow for 5' capping?
A) Reverse transcriptase
B) Methyltransferase
C) Polymerase
D) Endonuclease
  • 55. What do cap-snatching viruses recruit to prime transcription?
A) Host DNA
B) Host transfer RNA
C) Capped host mRNA
D) Viral ribosomal RNA
  • 56. What enzyme is used by cap-snatching viruses to cleave host mRNA?
A) Endonuclease
B) Reverse transcriptase
C) Methyltransferase
D) Ligase
  • 57. What do some plant viruses use instead of a 5' Cap for translation?
A) A ribozyme
B) Host initiation factors
C) Cap-independent translation enhancers
D) A poly-A tail
  • 58. What percentage of plant viruses have ssDNA genomes?
A) 25%
B) 3%
C) 75%
D) 17%
  • 59. What proportion of animal viruses are dsDNA?
A) Three-quarters
B) A quarter
C) Half
D) One-tenth
  • 60. What proportion of bacteriophage are dsDNA?
A) A quarter
B) Ten percent
C) Three-quarters
D) Half
  • 61. What is the identity of 'N' in the 7MeGpppN cap structure?
A) Cytosine or thymine
B) Uracil or adenine
C) Adenine or guanine
D) Guanine or cytosine
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