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A) 95% B) 100% C) 5% D) 50%
A) Coat protein B) Movement protein C) RNA polymerase D) Proteinase
A) Proteinase B) Coat protein C) Replicase D) Movement protein
A) Bromoviridae B) Potyviridae C) Tymoviridae D) Caulimoviridae
A) 3 B) 2 C) 5 D) 1
A) 45% B) 5% C) 95% D) 15%
A) Amylase B) Replicase C) Proteinase D) Lipase
A) Vector attraction B) Cell wall degradation C) Symptom suppression D) Genome packaging
A) 3 B) 5 C) 6 D) 1
A) P237 B) P31 C) P25 D) P26
A) P25 B) P21 C) P31 D) P14
A) Tulip breaking virus B) Tobacco mosaic virus C) Cauliflower mosaic virus D) Brome mosaic virus
A) 17S promoter B) P21 promoter C) 35S promoter D) P237 promoter
A) BNYVV-express B) magnICON C) Tulip breaking vector D) Bromoviridae kit
A) Coat protein B) Vector transmission C) Symptom expression D) Protein cleavage
A) Beet necrotic yellow vein virus B) TMV, potato viruses and cucumber mosaic viruses C) Tobacco ringspot virus D) Rhabdoviridae
A) Bacteria B) Leafhoppers C) Zoosporic protozoa D) Fungi
A) The plant's height B) The soil composition C) The type of root system D) The chosen insect vector
A) The foregut B) The haemolymph C) The distal tip of the stylet D) The salivary glands
A) Tobacco rattle virus B) Rhabdoviridae C) Beet necrotic yellow vein virus D) Tobacco ringspot virus
A) The salivary glands B) The haemolymph C) The stylet tip D) The foregut of the insect
A) Lipid envelope B) Symbionin C) Helper component D) Coat protein
A) They only replicate in the plant root B) They replicate in both the plant and the insect C) They do not replicate in insects D) They are only found in nematodes
A) Binding to the coat protein and insect mouthparts B) Creating a lipid envelope C) Replicating inside the insect cell D) Protecting the virus from symbionin
A) Feeding on infected roots B) Attaching to leaves C) Replicating within the nematode gut D) Infecting the insect vector
A) Only propagative ones B) Yes, always C) No evidence exists D) Only circulative ones
A) A lipid envelope B) Wounds in the root C) A protein bridge D) A stylet attachment
A) It is used for non-persistent transmission B) It surrounds the proteins and is not seen in other classes C) It is produced by bacterial symbionts D) It allows replication in nematodes
A) Sap, insect, and nematode-borne B) Propagative, circulative, and dormant C) Non-persistent, semi-persistent, and persistent D) Root, leaf, and stem-borne
A) Phase-contrast microscope B) Light microscope C) Fluorescence microscope D) Electron microscope
A) Via host ribosomes B) Through enzymatic mediation C) Spontaneously D) Through external heating
A) Rod-shaped B) Spherical C) Icosahedral D) Gemini-shaped
A) 25–50 nm B) 15–20 nm C) 60–80 nm D) 5–10 nm
A) Isometric particles B) Filamentous particles C) Geminiviridae particles D) Rod-shaped particles
A) 300–500 nm B) 25–50 nm C) 100–200 nm D) 15–20 nm
A) 60 T B) 15 T C) 100 T D) 30 T
A) Rod-shaped B) Icosahedral C) Spiral D) Cubical
A) A single long rod B) A triple-layered disc C) Two isometric particles stuck together D) A large sphere with a tail
A) Budding off from the cell B) Spontaneous disc stacking C) Protein subunit assembly D) Genome replication
A) Autotrophic organisms B) Symbiotic microorganisms C) Facultative extracellular parasites D) Obligate intracellular parasites
A) Stomata B) Plasmodesmata C) Xylem vessels D) Root hairs
A) siRNA B) Antibodies C) T-cells D) Cellular lysosomes
A) A. Mayer B) Martinus Beijerinck C) Wendell Stanley D) F.O. Holmes
A) Filterable bacteria B) Obligate parasite C) Microbial toxin D) Contagium vivum fluidum
A) Martinus Beijerinck B) A. Mayer C) Wendell Stanley D) F.O. Holmes
A) By vectors like insects B) Via direct sexual reproduction C) Through self-locomotion D) Through airborne transmission only
A) Pinaceae B) Leguminosae C) Cactaceae D) Orchidaceae
A) Toxic proteins B) Membranous structures C) Thick cell walls D) Extra chlorophyll
A) Yeast models B) Bacterial cultures C) Human lung cells D) Computer simulations only
A) 65% B) 5% C) 10% D) 75%
A) 10% B) 65% C) 5% D) 75%
A) 15-20 B) 1-3 C) 50-100 D) 4-10
A) 7MeGpppC B) 7MeGpppN C) 7MeGpppT D) 7MeGpppU
A) Reverse transcriptase B) Methyltransferase C) Polymerase D) Endonuclease
A) Host DNA B) Host transfer RNA C) Capped host mRNA D) Viral ribosomal RNA
A) Endonuclease B) Reverse transcriptase C) Methyltransferase D) Ligase
A) A ribozyme B) Host initiation factors C) Cap-independent translation enhancers D) A poly-A tail
A) 25% B) 3% C) 75% D) 17%
A) Three-quarters B) A quarter C) Half D) One-tenth
A) A quarter B) Ten percent C) Three-quarters D) Half
A) Cytosine or thymine B) Uracil or adenine C) Adenine or guanine D) Guanine or cytosine |