Sociology of health and illness

1. The sociology of health and illness is a branch of sociology that studies how social factors influence health, illness, and healthcare. It examines how societal structures, institutions, and norms shape people's experiences of health and illness. This field explores issues such as access to healthcare, disparities in health outcomes, the social determinants of health, healthcare systems, and the impact of social inequalities on well-being. Sociologists in this field analyze the influence of social class, gender, race, ethnicity, and other social factors on health behaviors, healthcare utilization, and health outcomes. The sociology of health and illness also considers the role of power, discrimination, social control, and stigma in shaping health experiences. By examining the social dimensions of health and illness, sociologists aim to improve understanding of health disparities and inform policies and interventions to promote health equity.

What is meant by medicalization?

A) The rejection of mainstream healthcare
B) The process by which human conditions come to be defined and treated as medical conditions
C) The use of alternative medicine
D) The process of self-diagnosing illnesses

2. Which approach focuses on the idea that social inequalities lead to health disparities?

A) Psychological approach
B) Biomedical approach
C) Individual behavior approach
D) Social determinants of health approach

3. What is meant by the term 'health disparity'?

A) A difference in genetic predispositions
B) A difference in access to healthcare services
C) A difference in health outcomes between different populations
D) A difference in individual behaviors

4. What is the role of social support in health and illness?

A) It has no impact on health outcomes
B) It can exacerbate health issues
C) It can buffer the negative effects of stress and improve health outcomes
D) It is solely the responsibility of healthcare providers

5. What is meant by the term 'food desert'?

A) An area with limited access to affordable and nutritious food
B) A popular food market
C) A culinary desert
D) A place with an abundance of food choices

6. What is medical pluralism?

A) The rejection of traditional medicine
B) A uniform medical approach in all societies
C) The exclusive reliance on biomedicine
D) The coexistence of multiple medical systems and beliefs within a society

7. Which concept refers to a person's ability to understand and act upon health information?

A) Behavioral intervention
B) Health literacy
C) Health insurance
D) Medical terminology

8. What is the key focus of the bio-psycho-social model of health?

A) Understanding health through the interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors
B) Emphasizing individual responsibility for health
C) Focusing solely on biological factors
D) Disregarding mental health aspects

9. Which concept refers to the process through which certain health conditions become defined as medical problems requiring medical intervention?

A) Medicalization.
B) Health promotion.
C) Preventative care.
D) Psychoeducation.

10. What is the 'social constructionist view' of health and illness?

A) The belief in universal healthcare
B) The view that health is solely determined by genetics
C) The rejection of medical interventions
D) The understanding that health and illness are socially constructed concepts

11. Who coined the term 'sick role' in sociology?

A) Karl Marx.
B) Talcott Parsons.
C) Max Weber.
D) Emile Durkheim.

12. What is meant by the term 'intersectionality' in relation to health?

A) The interconnectedness of social categorizations such as race, class, and gender that contribute to health disparities
B) The road intersection leading to healthcare facilities
C) The intersection of different diseases within a community
D) The ability to access healthcare services at intersections

13. Which sociological perspective emphasizes the importance of symbolic meanings and social interactions in shaping health behaviors?

A) Conflict theory.
B) Feminist theory.
C) Symbolic interactionism.
D) Structural functionalism.

14. Which term refers to the practice of providing healthcare services remotely, using technology?

A) Homeopathy
B) Telemedicine
C) Placebo effect
D) Traditional medicine

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