- 1. In 'Polio: An American Story,' David M. Oshinsky takes readers on a gripping journey through the history and socio-political ramifications of one of America's most feared diseases during the 20th century. The narrative unfolds with vivid descriptions of the widespread panic caused by polio outbreaks, particularly during the summers when swimming pools were often abandoned and children were kept indoors for fear of infection. Oshinsky meticulously details the impact of polio on American culture, capturing the devastating effects on families as they dealt with the consequences of paralysis and disability. He highlights the tireless efforts of researchers and medical professionals, including the groundbreaking work of Jonas Salk and Albert Sabin, who sought to develop effective vaccines. The book also delves into the role of public health campaigns and the changing perceptions of disease and disability, offering insight into how society's views evolved with the advent of vaccinations. With a blend of personal stories, historical context, and scientific exploration, Oshinsky's work not only chronicles the fight against polio but also serves as a reflection on the triumphs and challenges of modern medicine and public health.
What is the primary virus responsible for polio?
A) Influenza virus
B) HIV
C) Rhinovirus
D) Poliovirus
- 2. In which year did the first polio vaccine trials take place?
A) 1960
B) 1954
C) 1965
D) 1945
- 3. Who developed the inactivated polio vaccine?
A) Jonas Salk
B) Edward Jenner
C) Albert Sabin
D) Louis Pasteur
- 4. What year was the oral polio vaccine introduced?
A) 1958
B) 1954
C) 1965
D) 1961
- 5. Which country was the last to report polio cases in the Americas?
A) Brazil
B) Argentina
C) Colombia
D) Peru
- 6. How is poliovirus primarily transmitted?
A) Fecal-oral route
B) Surface contact
C) Animal bites
D) Airborne droplets
- 7. What does IPV stand for?
A) Infectious Poliovirus Variant
B) Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine
C) Immediate Vaccination Protocol
D) Intravenous Polio Vaccine
- 8. What type of virus is poliovirus?
A) Herpesvirus
B) Rhabdovirus
C) Enterovirus
D) Retrovirus
- 9. In what year was polio declared eradicated in the Americas?
A) 1990
B) 1988
C) 2000
D) 1994
- 10. What is a key strategy to eliminate polio today?
A) Nutritional support
B) Vaccination
C) Sanitation improvements
D) Education
- 11. What does the poliovirus affect when it leads to paralysis?
A) Motor neurons
B) Interneurons
C) Sensory neurons
D) Cognitive functions
- 12. What does OPV stand for?
A) Overseas Polio Vaccine
B) Outbreak Prevention Vaccine
C) Optimized Polio Vaccine
D) Oral Polio Vaccine
- 13. Polio primarily attacks which part of the body?
A) Digestive system
B) Circulatory system
C) Nervous system
D) Respiratory system
- 14. In which year was the first polio vaccine introduced?
A) 1955
B) 1945
C) 1965
D) 1975
- 15. In which decade did the polio epidemic peak in the United States?
A) 1960s
B) 1950s
C) 1970s
D) 1940s
- 16. What is a common long-term effect of polio?
A) Lifelong immunity
B) Diabetes
C) Post-polio syndrome
D) Chronic fatigue syndrome
- 17. What historical event is closely tied to the polio vaccine's development?
A) The Tuskegee Study
B) The World Health Assembly
C) The March of Dimes
D) The Manhattan Project
- 18. What global initiative was launched to eradicate polio?
A) World Health Campaign
B) Universal Health Initiative
C) Global Polio Eradication Initiative
D) International Vaccination Program
- 19. Polio primarily affects which age group?
A) Adolescents aged 10-15
B) Elderly over 75
C) Children under 5
D) Adults over 60
- 20. What year did the last case of wild poliovirus occur in the U.S.?
A) 1979
B) 1960
C) 1990
D) 1985
- 21. What geographical area remains a challenge for polio eradication efforts?
A) Afghanistan and Pakistan
B) Europe
C) Australia
D) North America
- 22. How did polio affect Franklin D. Roosevelt's political career?
A) It made him less popular
B) It increased his empathy and connection with the public
C) It limited his ability to travel
D) It caused him to resign early
- 23. What is a common consequence of polio infection?
A) Measles
B) Respiratory failure
C) Meningitis
D) Paralysis
- 24. What year did the World Health Organization launch the Global Polio Eradication Initiative?
A) 1988
B) 1978
C) 1998
D) 2008
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