JDCPRE 2nd sem prelim - Quiz
  • 1. A child or young person treated differently by the legal system due to immaturity is called:
A) Minor criminal
B) Adult offender
C) Delinquent
D) Juvenile
  • 2. Behavior violating criminal law committed by a person under 18 is called:
A) Misconduct
B) Crime
C) Delinquency
D) Deviance
  • 3. A child without parents or guardians and dependent on public support is called:
A) Neglected child
B) Abandoned child
C) Disabled child
D) Dependent child
  • 4. A child who has no parental care for at least six continuous months is known as:
A) Neglected child
B) Disabled child
C) Dependent child
D) Abandoned child
  • 5. A child whose basic needs are deliberately unattended is called:
A) Dependent child
B) Disabled child
C) Neglected child
D) Juvenile offender
  • 6. A court-appointed person who protects the best interests of the child is:
A) Prosecutor
B) Guardian Ad Litem
C) Social worker
D) Judge
  • 7. A child accused or adjudged of committing an offense is called:
A) Status offender
B) Youthful offender
C) Child in conflict with the law
D) Child at risk
  • 8. The mental capacity to understand right from wrong is called:
A) Awareness
B) Discernment
C) Responsibility
D) Judgment
  • 9. Acts that are illegal only when committed by minors are known as:
A) Criminal offenses
B) Public crimes
C) Status offenses
D) Status offenses
  • 10. The first institution for juvenile offenders in the United States established in 1825 was called:
A) House of Refuge
B) Marine Society
C) Youth detention center
D) Juvenile reform center
  • 11. The Marine Society of England was established in:
A) 1704
B) 1756
C) 1825
D) 1776
  • 12. The Code of Hammurabi was created around:
A) 2270 B.C.
B) 1800 B.C.
C) 2500 B.C.
D) 1500 B.C.
  • 13. Under Anglo-Saxon law, children under this age were presumed innocent:
A) 7
B) 6
C) 10
D) 5
  • 14. The stage of delinquency involving petty larceny (8–12 years old) is:
A) Exploration
B) Emergence
C) Conflagration
D) Explosion
  • 15. Shoplifting and vandalism are common in which stage?
A) Exploration
B) Conflagration
C) Explosion
D) Emergence
  • 16. The stage characterized by a significant increase in variety and seriousness of crimes is:
A) Emergence
B) Conflagration
C) Exploration
D) Explosion
  • 17. The stage where four or more types of crimes are added is called:
A) Explosion
B) Conflagration
C) Exploration
D) Conflagration
  • 18. The theory that evil spirits cause people to commit crimes is called:
A) Positivist theory
B) Demonological theory
C) Classical theory
D) Psychological theory
  • 19. The classical theory of crime was developed by:
A) Lombroso and Ferri
B) Freud and Jung
C) Durkheim and Marx
D) Beccaria and Bentham
  • 20. The positivist theory was mainly associated with:
A) Cesare Lombroso
B) Travis Hirschi
C) Edwin Sutherland
D) Sigmund Freud
  • 21. The theory stating that criminal behavior is learned through social interaction is:
A) Strain theory
B) Labeling theory
C) Control theory
D) Differential association theory
  • 22. The theory that strong social bonds prevent delinquency was proposed by:
A) Robert Merton
B) Edwin Lemert
C) Travis Hirschi
D) Albert Cohen
  • 23. The theory that frustration leads to aggression is called:
A) Strain theory
B) Social control theory
C) Frustration-aggression theory
D) Labeling theory
  • 24. The theory stating that crime results from inequality between goals and means is:
A) Control theory
B) Labeling theory
C) Strain theory
D) Differential association theory
  • 25. The sociologist who explained that calling a child delinquent encourages delinquent behavior was:
A) Howard Becker
B) Edwin Schur
C) Frank Tannenbaum
D) Travis Hirschi
  • 26. The theory distinguishing between primary and secondary deviation was developed by:
A) Edwin Lemert
B) Albert Cohen
C) George Vold
D) Austin Turk
  • 27. According to research, which child is more likely to become delinquent?
A) Youngest child
B) Only child
C) Middle child
D) First-born
  • 28. One of the strongest predictors of delinquency in children is:
A) School grades
B) Family wealth
C) Religion
D) Parental rejection
  • 29. According to Hirschi's theory, delinquency decreases when there is strong:
A) Financial support
B) Educational pressure
C) Social bond
D) Family conflict
  • 30. The pathway that begins with stubborn behavior and progresses to authority avoidance is called:
A) Authority-conflict pathway
B) Social pathway
C) Covert pathway
D) Overt pathway
  • 31. The pathway that starts with minor underhanded behavior and develops into serious criminal acts is:
A) Covert pathway
B) Overt pathway
C) Aggression pathway
D) Authority-conflict pathway
  • 32. The pathway characterized by aggression leading to violent acts is:
A) Social pathway
B) Authority pathway
C) Covert pathway
D) Overt pathway
  • 33. Delinquents who are aggressive, rejected, and often abandoned belong to:
A) Unsocialized aggression
B) Over-inhibited delinquency
C) Socialized delinquency
D) Group delinquency
  • 34. Delinquency committed by members of groups encouraging criminal acts is called:
A) Unsocialized aggression
B) Individual delinquency
C) Socialized delinquency
D) Maladjusted delinquency
  • 35. Delinquents secretly trained to perform illegal activities are classified as:
A) Occasional delinquents
B) Over-inhibited delinquents
C) Gang delinquents
D) Maladjusted delinquents
  • 36. Delinquents who participate in criminal acts occasionally and are influenced by peers are called:
A) Maladjusted delinquents
B) Chronic offenders
C) Gang delinquents
D) Occasional delinquents
  • 37. Delinquents who often commit serious offenses as part of organized groups are:
A) Maladjusted delinquents
B) Occasional delinquents
C) Status offenders
D) Gang delinquents
  • 38. Delinquents whose criminal behavior is due to personality disturbances are:
A) Gang delinquents
B) Status offenders
C) Occasional delinquents
D) Maladjusted delinquents
  • 39. A gang is best described as:
A) A temporary group of friends
B) A disorganized gathering
C) A school organization
D) An organized social group with leadership and territory
  • 40. The theory that delinquency develops because of disorganized communities was proposed by:
A) Shaw and McKay
B) Merton and Agnew
C) Freud and Jung
D) Lombroso and Ferri
  • 41. The sociologist who studied gang formation and development was:
A) Frederick Thrasher
B) Albert Cohen
C) Edwin Lemert
D) Travis Hirschi
  • 42. The theory explaining that lower-class youths create subcultures due to status frustration was developed by:
A) Edwin Sutherland
B) William Sheldon
C) Albert Cohen
D) Travis Hirschi
  • 43. The theory stating that crime occurs when legitimate opportunities are blocked was developed by:
A) Cloward and Ohlin
B) Lombroso and Garofalo
C) Becker and Lemert
D) Freud and Jung
  • 44. The theory that delinquency is natural and must be controlled through socialization was proposed by:
A) Edwin Lemert
B) Travis Hirschi
C) Ivan Nye
D) Robert Merton
  • 45. The theory explaining how juveniles justify delinquent acts was developed by:
A) Hirschi and Nye
B) Sykes and Matza
C) Becker and Lemert
D) Lombroso and Ferri
  • 46. Saying "It is not my fault" is an example of which technique of neutralization?
A) Condemnation of condemners
B) Appeal to higher authority
C) Denial of responsibility
D) Denial of victim
  • 47. The theory stating that law represents the interests of powerful groups was influenced by:
A) Travis Hirschi
B) Sigmund Freud
C) Karl Marx
D) Cesare Lombroso
  • 48. The theory explaining conflict between crime norms and conduct norms was developed by:
A) Austin Turk
B) Thorsten Sellin
C) William Bonger
D) George Vold
  • 49. Large families may increase delinquency due to:
A) Increased education
B) Lack of supervision
C) Strong parental bonding
D) Excessive discipline
  • 50. Poor marital adjustment in parents may lead to:
A) Financial stability
B) Academic success
C) Strong discipline
D) Child delinquency
  • 51. Teenage pregnancy often results in:
A) Social isolation and economic strain
B) Strong family structure
C) Financial stability
D) Increased education
  • 52. Which of the following is an example of a status offense?
A) Robbery
B) Assault
C) Truancy
D) Murder
  • 53. Running away from home by a minor is classified as:
A) Status offense
B) Criminal offense
C) Public offense
D) Violent offense
  • 54. The legal principle stating that the state acts as the parent of a child is called:
A) Social control
B) Restorative justice
C) Discernment doctrine
D) Parens patriae
  • 55. The legal principle suggesting that mothers should have custody of children during early years is:
A) Tender years rule
B) Child welfare doctrine
C) Parens patriae
D) Social bond theory
  • 56. A government facility that physically restricts a child while awaiting court decision is called:
A) Rehabilitation center
B) Youth detention center
C) Child welfare office
D) Youth shelter
  • 57. The theory stating that criminals are born with physical abnormalities was proposed by:
A) Cesare Lombroso
B) Travis Hirschi
C) Albert Cohen
D) Edwin Sutherland
  • 58. The theory suggesting body type influences criminal behavior was proposed by:
A) Sigmund Freud
B) William Sheldon
C) Robert Merton
D) Ernest Hooton
  • 59. According to Sheldon, the body type most likely to commit crimes is:
A) Endomorph
B) Ectomorph
C) Mesomorph
D) Somatomorph
  • 60. The psychoanalytic theory of personality was developed by:
A) Freud
B) Lombroso
C) Durkheim
D) Becker
  • 61. The part of personality representing instinctive drives is:
A) Superego
B) Ego
C) Conscience
D) Id
  • 62. The part of personality responsible for rational thinking is:
A) Id
B) Instinct
C) Superego
D) Ego
  • 63. The moral component of personality is called:
A) Instinct
B) Ego
C) Id
D) Superego
  • 64. The concept of anomie refers to:
A) Breakdown of social norms
B) Strong social control
C) Strong family bonds
D) Moral behavior
  • 65. The sociologist who developed the concept of anomie was:
A) Albert Cohen
B) Edwin Sutherland
C) Travis Hirschi
D) Emile Durkheim
  • 66. The idea that deviance becomes part of a person's identity is called:
A) Social bond
B) Anomie
C) Master status
D) Differential association
  • 67. The sociologist associated with the concept of master status is:
A) Robert Merton
B) Howard Becker
C) Edwin Lemert
D) Frank Tannenbaum
  • 68. The theory that laws are created by powerful groups to control weaker groups was proposed by:
A) George Vold
B) Albert Cohen
C) Edwin Lemert
D) Travis Hirschi
  • 69. The theory stating that capitalism encourages crime was proposed by:
A) Austin Turk
B) William Bonger
C) Thorsten Sellin
D) Frederick Thrasher
  • 70. Strong family cohesiveness generally results in:
A) Increased conflict
B) Weak discipline
C) Increased delinquency
D) Reduced delinquency
  • 71. Parents of chronic delinquents often lack:
A) Education
B) Parenting skills
C) Religious beliefs
D) Employment
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