JDCPRE 2nd sem prelim
  • 1. A child or young person treated differently by the legal system due to immaturity is called:
A) Adult offender
B) Delinquent
C) Juvenile
D) Minor criminal
  • 2. Behavior violating criminal law committed by a person under 18 is called:
A) Crime
B) Deviance
C) Delinquency
D) Misconduct
  • 3. A child without parents or guardians and dependent on public support is called:
A) Neglected child
B) Disabled child
C) Abandoned child
D) Dependent child
  • 4. A child who has no parental care for at least six continuous months is known as:
A) Dependent child
B) Neglected child
C) Disabled child
D) Abandoned child
  • 5. A child whose basic needs are deliberately unattended is called:
A) Dependent child
B) Neglected child
C) Disabled child
D) Juvenile offender
  • 6. A court-appointed person who protects the best interests of the child is:
A) Social worker
B) Prosecutor
C) Guardian Ad Litem
D) Judge
  • 7. A child accused or adjudged of committing an offense is called:
A) Youthful offender
B) Child at risk
C) Child in conflict with the law
D) Status offender
  • 8. The mental capacity to understand right from wrong is called:
A) Discernment
B) Awareness
C) Responsibility
D) Judgment
  • 9. Acts that are illegal only when committed by minors are known as:
A) Public crimes
B) Status offenses
C) Criminal offenses
D) Status offenses
  • 10. The first institution for juvenile offenders in the United States established in 1825 was called:
A) Juvenile reform center
B) Youth detention center
C) Marine Society
D) House of Refuge
  • 11. The Marine Society of England was established in:
A) 1776
B) 1704
C) 1825
D) 1756
  • 12. The Code of Hammurabi was created around:
A) 1800 B.C.
B) 1500 B.C.
C) 2270 B.C.
D) 2500 B.C.
  • 13. Under Anglo-Saxon law, children under this age were presumed innocent:
A) 10
B) 6
C) 7
D) 5
  • 14. The stage of delinquency involving petty larceny (8–12 years old) is:
A) Explosion
B) Exploration
C) Conflagration
D) Emergence
  • 15. Shoplifting and vandalism are common in which stage?
A) Exploration
B) Explosion
C) Conflagration
D) Emergence
  • 16. The stage characterized by a significant increase in variety and seriousness of crimes is:
A) Exploration
B) Emergence
C) Conflagration
D) Explosion
  • 17. The stage where four or more types of crimes are added is called:
A) Explosion
B) Conflagration
C) Conflagration
D) Exploration
  • 18. The theory that evil spirits cause people to commit crimes is called:
A) Classical theory
B) Positivist theory
C) Psychological theory
D) Demonological theory
  • 19. The classical theory of crime was developed by:
A) Durkheim and Marx
B) Beccaria and Bentham
C) Lombroso and Ferri
D) Freud and Jung
  • 20. The positivist theory was mainly associated with:
A) Cesare Lombroso
B) Travis Hirschi
C) Sigmund Freud
D) Edwin Sutherland
  • 21. The theory stating that criminal behavior is learned through social interaction is:
A) Control theory
B) Differential association theory
C) Strain theory
D) Labeling theory
  • 22. The theory that strong social bonds prevent delinquency was proposed by:
A) Edwin Lemert
B) Albert Cohen
C) Travis Hirschi
D) Robert Merton
  • 23. The theory that frustration leads to aggression is called:
A) Strain theory
B) Labeling theory
C) Social control theory
D) Frustration-aggression theory
  • 24. The theory stating that crime results from inequality between goals and means is:
A) Labeling theory
B) Strain theory
C) Differential association theory
D) Control theory
  • 25. The sociologist who explained that calling a child delinquent encourages delinquent behavior was:
A) Travis Hirschi
B) Howard Becker
C) Edwin Schur
D) Frank Tannenbaum
  • 26. The theory distinguishing between primary and secondary deviation was developed by:
A) Edwin Lemert
B) Austin Turk
C) George Vold
D) Albert Cohen
  • 27. According to research, which child is more likely to become delinquent?
A) Youngest child
B) Middle child
C) First-born
D) Only child
  • 28. One of the strongest predictors of delinquency in children is:
A) Religion
B) Family wealth
C) Parental rejection
D) School grades
  • 29. According to Hirschi's theory, delinquency decreases when there is strong:
A) Financial support
B) Family conflict
C) Social bond
D) Educational pressure
  • 30. The pathway that begins with stubborn behavior and progresses to authority avoidance is called:
A) Overt pathway
B) Covert pathway
C) Social pathway
D) Authority-conflict pathway
  • 31. The pathway that starts with minor underhanded behavior and develops into serious criminal acts is:
A) Authority-conflict pathway
B) Aggression pathway
C) Covert pathway
D) Overt pathway
  • 32. The pathway characterized by aggression leading to violent acts is:
A) Covert pathway
B) Social pathway
C) Overt pathway
D) Authority pathway
  • 33. Delinquents who are aggressive, rejected, and often abandoned belong to:
A) Socialized delinquency
B) Over-inhibited delinquency
C) Group delinquency
D) Unsocialized aggression
  • 34. Delinquency committed by members of groups encouraging criminal acts is called:
A) Socialized delinquency
B) Maladjusted delinquency
C) Individual delinquency
D) Unsocialized aggression
  • 35. Delinquents secretly trained to perform illegal activities are classified as:
A) Over-inhibited delinquents
B) Maladjusted delinquents
C) Occasional delinquents
D) Gang delinquents
  • 36. Delinquents who participate in criminal acts occasionally and are influenced by peers are called:
A) Occasional delinquents
B) Chronic offenders
C) Maladjusted delinquents
D) Gang delinquents
  • 37. Delinquents who often commit serious offenses as part of organized groups are:
A) Status offenders
B) Occasional delinquents
C) Gang delinquents
D) Maladjusted delinquents
  • 38. Delinquents whose criminal behavior is due to personality disturbances are:
A) Maladjusted delinquents
B) Occasional delinquents
C) Status offenders
D) Gang delinquents
  • 39. A gang is best described as:
A) A temporary group of friends
B) An organized social group with leadership and territory
C) A disorganized gathering
D) A school organization
  • 40. The theory that delinquency develops because of disorganized communities was proposed by:
A) Merton and Agnew
B) Shaw and McKay
C) Freud and Jung
D) Lombroso and Ferri
  • 41. The sociologist who studied gang formation and development was:
A) Edwin Lemert
B) Albert Cohen
C) Frederick Thrasher
D) Travis Hirschi
  • 42. The theory explaining that lower-class youths create subcultures due to status frustration was developed by:
A) Edwin Sutherland
B) Albert Cohen
C) Travis Hirschi
D) William Sheldon
  • 43. The theory stating that crime occurs when legitimate opportunities are blocked was developed by:
A) Freud and Jung
B) Cloward and Ohlin
C) Lombroso and Garofalo
D) Becker and Lemert
  • 44. The theory that delinquency is natural and must be controlled through socialization was proposed by:
A) Robert Merton
B) Travis Hirschi
C) Ivan Nye
D) Edwin Lemert
  • 45. The theory explaining how juveniles justify delinquent acts was developed by:
A) Hirschi and Nye
B) Lombroso and Ferri
C) Becker and Lemert
D) Sykes and Matza
  • 46. Saying "It is not my fault" is an example of which technique of neutralization?
A) Denial of responsibility
B) Condemnation of condemners
C) Appeal to higher authority
D) Denial of victim
  • 47. The theory stating that law represents the interests of powerful groups was influenced by:
A) Cesare Lombroso
B) Sigmund Freud
C) Travis Hirschi
D) Karl Marx
  • 48. The theory explaining conflict between crime norms and conduct norms was developed by:
A) William Bonger
B) Thorsten Sellin
C) Austin Turk
D) George Vold
  • 49. Large families may increase delinquency due to:
A) Excessive discipline
B) Increased education
C) Lack of supervision
D) Strong parental bonding
  • 50. Poor marital adjustment in parents may lead to:
A) Academic success
B) Strong discipline
C) Child delinquency
D) Financial stability
  • 51. Teenage pregnancy often results in:
A) Increased education
B) Strong family structure
C) Social isolation and economic strain
D) Financial stability
  • 52. Which of the following is an example of a status offense?
A) Assault
B) Truancy
C) Murder
D) Robbery
  • 53. Running away from home by a minor is classified as:
A) Violent offense
B) Criminal offense
C) Public offense
D) Status offense
  • 54. The legal principle stating that the state acts as the parent of a child is called:
A) Restorative justice
B) Parens patriae
C) Discernment doctrine
D) Social control
  • 55. The legal principle suggesting that mothers should have custody of children during early years is:
A) Child welfare doctrine
B) Social bond theory
C) Parens patriae
D) Tender years rule
  • 56. A government facility that physically restricts a child while awaiting court decision is called:
A) Child welfare office
B) Youth shelter
C) Rehabilitation center
D) Youth detention center
  • 57. The theory stating that criminals are born with physical abnormalities was proposed by:
A) Edwin Sutherland
B) Albert Cohen
C) Cesare Lombroso
D) Travis Hirschi
  • 58. The theory suggesting body type influences criminal behavior was proposed by:
A) Sigmund Freud
B) William Sheldon
C) Ernest Hooton
D) Robert Merton
  • 59. According to Sheldon, the body type most likely to commit crimes is:
A) Endomorph
B) Mesomorph
C) Ectomorph
D) Somatomorph
  • 60. The psychoanalytic theory of personality was developed by:
A) Becker
B) Freud
C) Durkheim
D) Lombroso
  • 61. The part of personality representing instinctive drives is:
A) Superego
B) Conscience
C) Ego
D) Id
  • 62. The part of personality responsible for rational thinking is:
A) Instinct
B) Id
C) Superego
D) Ego
  • 63. The moral component of personality is called:
A) Ego
B) Id
C) Instinct
D) Superego
  • 64. The concept of anomie refers to:
A) Moral behavior
B) Breakdown of social norms
C) Strong social control
D) Strong family bonds
  • 65. The sociologist who developed the concept of anomie was:
A) Emile Durkheim
B) Edwin Sutherland
C) Travis Hirschi
D) Albert Cohen
  • 66. The idea that deviance becomes part of a person's identity is called:
A) Differential association
B) Anomie
C) Master status
D) Social bond
  • 67. The sociologist associated with the concept of master status is:
A) Robert Merton
B) Edwin Lemert
C) Frank Tannenbaum
D) Howard Becker
  • 68. The theory that laws are created by powerful groups to control weaker groups was proposed by:
A) Edwin Lemert
B) Travis Hirschi
C) George Vold
D) Albert Cohen
  • 69. The theory stating that capitalism encourages crime was proposed by:
A) Austin Turk
B) William Bonger
C) Thorsten Sellin
D) Frederick Thrasher
  • 70. Strong family cohesiveness generally results in:
A) Reduced delinquency
B) Weak discipline
C) Increased delinquency
D) Increased conflict
  • 71. Parents of chronic delinquents often lack:
A) Employment
B) Education
C) Religious beliefs
D) Parenting skills
Created with That Quiz — the site for test creation and grading in math and other subjects.