1973 oil crisis - Quiz
oil crisis
  • 1. On how many occasions prior to 1973 had Arab oil-producing countries attempted to use oil as political leverage?
A) Two
B) Four
C) One
D) Three
  • 2. Which pipelines were sabotaged by the Syrians during the 1956 Suez Crisis?
A) Saudi-Jordan and Trans-Arabian
B) Iraq–Baniyas and Suez-Mediterranean
C) Trans-Arabian and Iraq–Baniyas
D) Trans-Arabian and Kuwait-Basra
  • 3. How do most scholars characterize the effectiveness of the 1967 oil embargo?
A) Revolutionary
B) Moderately impactful
C) Ineffective
D) Highly successful
  • 4. Which country was traditionally the strongest supporter of separating oil from politics?
A) Iraq
B) Libya
C) Saudi Arabia
D) Algeria
  • 5. Which countries strongly supported using oil as a weapon in the conflict?
A) Morocco, Tunisia and Sudan
B) Saudi Arabia, Egypt and Jordan
C) Kuwait, UAE and Qatar
D) Algeria, Iraq and Libya
  • 6. Who succeeded Gamal Abdel Nasser as President of Egypt in 1970?
A) Anwar Sadat
B) Henry Kissinger
C) Ahmed Zaki Yamani
D) King Faisal
  • 7. What analogy did Sadat use to describe his diplomatic style?
A) Billiards
B) Poker
C) Chess
D) Backgammon
  • 8. Which alliance was formed between the most populous and wealthiest Arab states?
A) Algeria and Saudi Arabia
B) Egypt and Saudi Arabia
C) Libya and Egypt
D) Iraq and Syria
  • 9. What did Henry Kissinger claim was his main focus during the development of the Egyptian-Saudi alliance?
A) Domestic economic policy in the United States
B) Trade agreements with European allies
C) The Paris peace talks to end the Vietnam war
D) The Cold War tensions with the Soviet Union
  • 10. What signal did Sadat send to the United States in July 1972?
A) He expelled 16,000 Soviet military personnel from Egypt
B) He declared war on Israel
C) He requested a loan from the World Bank
D) He signed a new military pact with the Soviet Union
  • 11. How did Kissinger react to Sadat's expulsion of Soviet personnel in 1972?
A) He was completely taken by surprise
B) He felt insulted and broke off diplomatic ties
C) He dismissed it as a propaganda stunt
D) He expected it as a result of secret negotiations
  • 12. What was the original goal of Sadat's anti-Soviet move in 1972?
A) To pressure the United States to force Israel to return the Sinai
B) To establish a monarchy in Egypt
C) To increase oil prices globally
D) To start a civil war in Egypt
  • 13. What did Ahmed Zaki Yamani warn the United States about in 1973?
A) The Trans-Arabian Pipeline was leaking
B) Saudi Arabia was considering an oil embargo
C) The Soviet Union was planning an invasion
D) The price of oil would drop drastically
  • 14. How did Washington officials generally perceive Saudi threats of an oil embargo in 1973?
A) They took them as a serious declaration of war
B) They ignored them because they were allies
C) They believed the Saudis were bluffing
D) They thought it was a joke played by the press
  • 15. Who deposed King Saud in 1964?
A) Gamal Abdel Nasser
B) King Faisal
C) Anwar Sadat
D) Ahmed Zaki Yamani
  • 16. What action did Kissinger take regarding the warning from four US oil CEOs in May 1973?
A) He publicly condemned the oil companies
B) He immediately authorized an increase in oil production
C) He declined to meet with them
D) He presented their findings to the President
  • 17. How did Kissinger characterize Sadat's threats of jihad against Israel in the summer of 1973?
A) As a serious threat to regional stability
B) As a distraction from domestic political problems
C) As empty talk
D) As a cry for help from the Soviet Union
  • 18. Who did Nixon appoint as Secretary of State in September 1973?
A) Anwar Sadat
B) Henry Kissinger
C) William Rogers
D) Ahmed Zaki Yamani
  • 19. When did OAPEC announce the oil embargo?
A) August 1971
B) March 1974
C) October 1973
D) January 1969
  • 20. By approximately what percentage did the price of oil rise due to the crisis?
A) 100%
B) 500%
C) 50%
D) 300%
  • 21. What was the price of oil per barrel after the crisis?
A) US$20
B) Nearly US$12
C) US$3
D) US$6
  • 22. What event is referred to as the second oil shock?
A) 1967 Six-Day War
B) 1973 Yom Kippur War
C) 1979 Iranian Revolution
D) 1956 Suez Crisis
  • 23. What was the primary cause of the Suez Crisis?
A) Blocking of the port of Eilat
B) A shortage of oil imports
C) The 1973 oil embargo
D) A decline in coal production
  • 24. How long was the Suez Canal closed following the 1967 war?
A) Eight years
B) One year
C) Two years
D) Six months
  • 25. In what year did American domestic oil production peak?
A) 1959
B) 1969
C) 1970
D) 1973
  • 26. What was the primary source of US energy in 1951?
A) Natural gas
B) Hydroelectric
C) Oil
D) Coal
  • 27. Who was assigned to review the Eisenhower-era oil quota program?
A) George Shultz
B) Dwight Eisenhower
C) Faisal of Saudi Arabia
D) Richard Nixon
  • 28. What happened to the price of oil in real terms during the 1960s?
A) It fluctuated wildly
B) It increased rapidly
C) It got progressively lower
D) It stayed exactly the same
  • 29. What was the nickname critics gave to Eisenhower's oil quota policy?
A) Oil supremacy
B) The long summer
C) Drain America first
D) Energy independence
  • 30. In what city was OPEC founded?
A) Baghdad
B) Caracas
C) Tehran
D) Riyadh
  • 31. On what date was OPEC founded?
A) 15 August 1971
B) 14 September 1960
C) 14 September 1970
D) 14 February 1971
  • 32. Which of the following was a founding member of OPEC?
A) Algeria
B) Nigeria
C) Venezuela
D) Libya
  • 33. In 1963, what percentage of OPEC oil was controlled by the Seven Sisters?
A) 77%
B) 86%
C) 90%
D) 81%
  • 34. By 1970, how many oil companies were operating in the Middle East?
A) 7
B) 5
C) 100
D) 81
  • 35. Which country joined OPEC in the early 1960s?
A) Iran
B) Saudi Arabia
C) Qatar
D) Iraq
  • 36. What was the name given to the action of closing the gold window?
A) Nixon Shock
B) Bretton Woods collapse
C) OPEC communiqué
D) Tehran Price Agreement
  • 37. According to the text, in what year did the Bretton Woods system eventually collapse?
A) 1974
B) 1971
C) 1973
D) 1976
  • 38. Which new oil producer joined OPEC by 1970?
A) Saudi Arabia
B) Nigeria
C) Venezuela
D) Iran
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