Scimed
  • 1. A police officer arrives at a suspected homicide scene and finds a body with no obvious sign of life. What should the officer do first?
A) Pronounce the victim dead
B) Begin collecting evidence
C) Call a physician to establish death
D) Move in the body to the hospital
  • 2. A body is found with cherry red discoloration on the skin. What is the likely cause of death?
A) Phosphorus poisoning
B) Natural causes
C) Asphyxia
D) Carbon monoxide poisoning
  • 3. A corpse shows complete stiffening of muscles 4 hours after death. What is the likely cause of death?
A) Algor mortis
B) Livor mortis
C) Rigor mortis
D) Putrefaction
  • 4. During an autopsy the physician finds green discoloration spreading over the abdomen 24 hours after death. What is this indicative of?
A) Saponification
B) Early potrefaction
C) Maceration
D) Mummification
  • 5. A patient in coma dies due to failure of vital brain centers. What mode of death is this
A) Coma
B) Asphyxia
C) Cardiac arrest
D) Syncope
  • 6. A body is found with blood settled independent parts that changes when the body is moved. What type of lividity is this?
A) Diffusion lividity
B) Hypostatic lividity
C) Carbon monoxide lividity
D) Phosphorus lividity
  • 7. A person is founded with no heartbeat for 3 minutes but still has some respiratory effort. What is the legal status?
A) Alive
B) Suspended animation
C) Dead
D) Requires further examination
  • 8. A corpse shows dry blister formation after heat application with no surrounding redness. What does this indicate
A) Heat caused death
B) Death occurred before heat application
C) Death occurred after heat application
D) Body is alive
  • 9. A body is found with skin pale, and waxy, loss of elasticity and postmortem contact flattening. What stage is this?
A) Autolysis
B) Mummification
C) Advance putrefaction
D) Early postmortem changes
  • 10. Victim was found with instantaneous muscles rigidity immediately after death due to chest injury. What is this called
A) Heat stiffening
B) Rigor mortis
C) Cadaveric spasm
D) Cold stiffening
  • 11. A physician is called to determine death but finds the victim in a state of temporary loss of consciousness due to electric shock
A) Clinical death
B) Apparent death or suspended animation
C) Somatic death
D) Molecular death
  • 12. A corpse is found with dark brown lividity. what poison is likely involved?
A) Cyanide
B) Arsenic
C) Phosphorus
D) Carbon monoxide
  • 13. A body is found bloated with green discoloration and maggots 48 hours after death. What is the process called?
A) Putrefaction
B) Autolysis
C) Mummification
D) Saponification
  • 14. A physician performs an external examination of a dead body without incision
A) Autopsy
B) Forensic investigation
C) Post-mortem examination
D) Medical examination
  • 15. A forensic pathologist is task to determine if a death was due to homicide or natural causes
A) Research autopsy
B) Medical autopsy
C) Medico-legal or forensic autopsy
D) Clinical autopsy
  • 16. A victims body is found with the pupil fixed in the position of rest and loss of corneal reflex
A) The person is alive
B) Early signs of death
C) Brain death
D) Suspended animation
  • 17. A body is found with fatty tissues transferred into a soft brownish white substance
A) Putrefaction
B) Mummification
C) Maceration
D) Saponification or adipocere formation
  • 18. A physician notes that the victim survive an injury for prolonged period allowing complications to develop before them. What cause of death is this?
A) Natural causes
B) Immediate cause
C) Unknown cause
D) Proximate (secondary) cause
  • 19. A corpse is found with green discoloration over the abdomen and spreading to the chest 24 hours after death. What is the stage of putrefaction?
A) Final
B) Advance
C) None
D) Early
  • 20. A body is found with lividity that does not change when the body position is altered
A) Phosphorus
B) Diffusion
C) Hypostatic
D) Carbon monoxide
  • 21. A victim was exposed to extreme cold before death and the muscles are hardened
A) Cold stiffening
B) Rigor mortis
C) Cadaveric spasm
D) Heat stiffening
  • 22. A physician is called to crime scene where the victims heart has stopped for 6 minutes
A) Death is uncertain
B) The victim is alive
C) Requires resuscitation
D) Death is certain
  • 23. A body is found with a triangular black spot on the sclera a few hours after death. What is this called?
A) Rigor mortis
B) Livor mortis
C) Algor mortis
D) Tache noir de la sclerotique
  • 24. A forensic expert finds that the victims muscles no longer respond to electrical stimulus and have become flaccid after rigor mortis
A) Post-mortem rigidity
B) Secondary flaccidity
C) Primary placidity
D) Putrefaction
  • 25. A body is found with no heart action and no circulation for 2 minutes. What should be the next?
A) Wait for 3 minutes before declaring death
B) Call the police
C) Declare that immediately
D) Attempt resuscitation
  • 26. A victim died from respiratory failure due to lack of oxygen
A) Asphyxia
B) Syncope
C) Cardiac arrest
D) Coma
  • 27. A body is found with post more time lividity that is cherry red. What is the probable cause of death?
A) Both A and B
B) Cyanide poisoning
C) Carbon monoxide poisoning
  • 28. A corpse is found with skin that is pale and waxy and has lost elasticity. What post-mortem change is this?
A) Algor mortis
B) Rigor mortis
C) Changes in the skin after death
D) Livor mortis
  • 29. A forensic pathologist is examining a body and notes that the muscles of the face are stiff but the limbs are still flaccid. How long has the body likely been dead?
A) 2-6 hours
B) 6-12 hours
C) More than 12 hours
D) Less than 2 hours
  • 30. Which wound is most likely to cause that immediately after infliction
A) Superficial wound
B) Closed wound
C) Non-mortal wound
D) Mortal wound
  • 31. Which organ is NOT usually considered mortal if wounded
A) Brain
B) Skin
C) Lungs
D) Heart
  • 32. A wound caused by a blunt instrument is called:
A) Stab wound
B) Incised wound
C) Punctured wound
D) Contusion
  • 33. What is a wound caused by a sharp edge instrument
A) Incised wound
B) Contusion
C) Lacerated wound
D) Hematoma
  • 34. Which wound is produced by a sharp-pointed instrument
A) Abrasion
B) Stab wound
C) Lacerated wound
D) Punctured wound
  • 35. A wound that has both entry and exit points is called:
A) Contusion
B) Abrasion
C) Lacerated wound
D) Perforating wound
  • 36. In injury at the site of force application is:
A) Contre-coup injury
B) Patterned wound
C) Coup injury
D) Lacerated wound
  • 37. An injury found opposite the site of force application is:
A) Coup injury
B) Defense wound
C) Contre-coup injury
D) Patterned wound
  • 38. A wound resulting from self protection is called:
A) Lacerated wound
B) Defense wound
C) Patterned wound
D) Self inflicted wound
  • 39. A wound that reflects the shape of the object causing it is:
A) Patterned wound
B) Superficial wound
C) Closed wound
D) Coup injury
  • 40. A wound produced on oneself is called:
A) Self-inflicted wound
B) Coup injury
C) Patterned wound
D) Defense wound
  • 41. According to aristotle, at what day after conception does fetal animation occur?
A) 40th day
B) 30th day
C) 50th day
D) 20th day
  • 42. What did Numa Popilius decree regarding women dying during confinement?
A) They should be opened to save the child
B) They should be buried immediately
C) None of the above
D) They should be given a trial
  • 43. Who was the first police Surgeon or Forensic Pathologist?
A) Paulus Zacchias
B) Ambroise Pare
C) Dr. Rafael Genard y Mas
D) Antistius
  • 44. Death is defined medically as the complete cessation of which vital functions?
A) Cardiac and muscular only
B) Respiratory ,cardiac, and central nervous system
C) Respiratory and digestive only
D) Central nervous system only
  • 45. What happens to criminal liability upon death?
A) It is transferred to heirs
B) It continues
C) It is extinguished
D) It is suspended
  • 46. Immediate (primary) cause of death refers to:
A) Death caused quickly without complications
B) Death caused by accident only
C) Death caused by slow disease progression
D) Death caused by poisoning only
  • 47. What is somatic or clinical death
A) Complete sensation of brain, heart, and lung functions
B) Death of individual cells
C) Temporary loss of consciousness
D) Death declared by family members
  • 48. Which type of death involves the patient giving up prematurely?
A) Physiological death
B) Psychic death
C) Biologic death
D) Sociology death
  • 49. A man is found with a wound on his chest that passes through the body and exist from the back. What type of wound is this
A) Lacerated wound
B) Perforating wound
C) Penetrating wound
D) Incised wound
  • 50. A woman presents with a wound on her forearm that matches the shape of a belt buckle after being stuck. What is this wound called?
A) Self-inflicted wound
B) Coup injury
C) Defense wound
D) Patterned wound
  • 51. During an autopsy, a wound is found on the victims palm, likely caused by instinctive self protection against an attacker with a knife.
A) Defense wound
B) Contre-coup injury
C) Patterned wound
D) Coup injury
  • 52. A person working in a freezer for long hours develops swelling, discoloration, and tissue death in their fingers. What is the most likely diagnosed?
A) Frostbite
B) Trench foot
C) Heat stroke
D) Scald
  • 53. A victim is found with a gunshot wound to the abdomen. The wound is larger and more destructive than usual, and the firearm was discharged at closed range. What explains the severity?
A) The bullet was small
B) The wound was accidental
C) The bullet was made over rubber
D) Discharge was close to the skin
  • 54. After a car accident a patient is found to have a partial description in the ligamentous support of the ankle joint but no bone displacement.
A) Dislocation
B) Strain
C) Sprain
D) Fracture
  • 55. A young woman is examine after an alleged sexual assault. Her hymen is found to be lacerated. What is the medical term for this finding?
A) Cribiform hymen
B) Demi virginity
C) False physical virginity
D) Defloration
  • 56. A man is found hanging from a rope in his bedroom. The rope and anchorage are accessible, and there is evidence of movement of the rope as the body was suspended. What is the most likely manner of death?
A) Undetermined
B) Suicide
C) Accident
D) Homicide
  • 57. What is the first essential step in a homicide investigation
A) Collecting evidence
B) Establishing the fact of death
C) Arresting suspect
D) Interviewing witness
  • 58. Which mode of death results primarily brown failure of lighter brain centers
A) Coma
B) Asphyxia
C) Cardiac arrest
D) Syncope
  • 59. What is rigor mortis
A) Lost of corneal reflex
B) This coloration of the body
C) Stiffening of the body muscles after death
D) Cooling of the body
  • 60. How long does it generally take for the body to reach ambient temperature after death in tropical countries
A) 6-8hours
B) 12-15 hours
C) 1-3 hours
D) 24 hours
  • 61. What is the stage of secondary flaccidity
A) Cooling ng of the body
B) Muscle relaxation after rigor mortis disappears
C) Initial muscles stiffness
D) Discoloration of the skin
  • 62. What is a autolysis
A) Cooling of the body
B) Self-digestion of tissues by enzymes after death
C) Muscles tiffening
D) Bacterial decomposition
  • 63. Putrefaction involve:
A) Loss of corneal reflex
B) Breaking down of proteins with foul-smelling gases
C) Instantaneous muscles definition
D) Dehydration of the body
  • 64. Which of the following is a special modification of putrefaction
A) All of the above
B) Saponification
C) Maceration
D) Mummification
  • 65. What is the difference between autopsy and postmortem examination
A) Autopsy includes internal examination; postmortem is external only
B) Postmortem includes internal examination; autopsy is external only
C) Both are the same
D) Autopsy is done by police only
  • 66. What is the main purpose of medical legal or forensic autopsy
A) Perform organ donation
B) None of the above
C) Determine cause, manner, and time of death for legal purposes
D) Determine medical cause of death for research
  • 67. Which is not a general effect of heat
A) Heat stroke
B) Frostbite
C) Heat cramps
D) Heat exhaustion
  • 68. Painful muscle contractions due to dehydration are called
A) Heatstroke
B) Heat cramps
C) Heat exhaustion
D) Trench foot
  • 69. Heart failure caused by heat and exertion is:
A) Frostbite
B) Heat exhaustion
C) Heat cramps
D) Heat stroke
  • 70. A life threatening condition from high temperature is;
A) Scald
B) Heat exhaustion
C) Heat cramps
D) Heat stroke
  • 71. A burn caused by heat liquid is
A) Burn
B) Scald
C) Contusion
D) Frostbite
  • 72. All gunshot wounds result from the entry of
A) Projectile
B) Knife
C) Rope
D) Blunt object
  • 73. The closer the gun is to the skin, the;
A) No effect
B) Lesser the damage
C) None of the above
D) Greater the damage
  • 74. Which is not a sign of accidental gunshot wound
A) Usually one shot
B) Multiple wounds
C) No spatial area involved
D) Witness testimony
  • 75. Which is not a sign of homicidal gunshot wound
A) Firearm found at scene
B) Signs of struggle
C) Absence of weapon
D) Multiple entry sites
  • 76. Hanging is usually considered:
A) Homicide
B) Accidental
C) Suicidal
D) Undetermined
  • 77. Which is not a common method of suicide
A) Poisoning
B) Frostbite
C) Drowning
D) Hanging
  • 78. Accidental death is defined as death that:
A) Is always violent
B) Is planned
C) Is self inflicted
D) Occurs beyond one's will
  • 79. Rape is committed when there is
A) Full penetration
B) Slightest penetration
C) No penetration
D) Only oral contact
  • 80. A child falls and scrapes his knee resulting in the loss of the superficial layers of skin. What type of wound is this
A) Incised wound
B) Abrasion
C) Contusion
D) Lacerated wound
  • 81. Which is not an essential element of rape
A) Use of force or intimidation
B) Offender is a man
C) Carnal knowledge
D) Victim is always over 18
  • 82. Sexual assault under the anti rape law includes:
A) Inserting penis into mouth
B) Both a and b
C) Inserting object into genital or orifice
  • 83. Which is not evidence in rape investigation
A) Physical exam of victim
B) Victims height
C) Suspects clothing
D) Panty of victim
  • 84. Virginity is presumed when a woman is:
A) Married
B) Over 40
C) Single and good repetition
D) None of the above
  • 85. Defloration is:
A) Laceration of hymen from sexual intercourse
B) Only from sports
C) Only hymen injury
D) None of the above
  • 86. Demi virginity refers to:
A) Permitting sexual liberties but not rupturing hymen
B) Complete abstinence
C) Never having sexual liberties
D) None of the above
  • 87. Homosexuality is
A) Sexual desire towards corpses
B) Sexual desire towards animals
C) Sexual desire towards children
D) Sexual desire towards same sex
  • 88. Necrophilia is
A) Sexual desire towards corpses
B) Sexual desire towards animal
C) Sexual desire towards same sex
D) Sexual desire towards children
  • 89. What is the usual time frame for rigor mortis to disappear
A) 1 week
B) 6-12 hours
C) 18-36 hours
D) 48-72 hours
  • 90. What is the first sign of death in the eye
A) Flaccidity of eyeball
B) Loss of corneal reflex
C) Pupil fixed in position of rest
D) Clouding of cornea
  • 91. What is "Tache noir de la sclerotique"
A) Bruise on the skin
B) Discoloration of nails
C) Rigor mortis in eyelids
D) Post-mortem spots on sclera appearing hours after death
  • 92. What does heat application on skin after death produced
A) Dry blister without fluid
B) Wet blister
C) No blister
D) Redness around blister
  • 93. What is hypostatic lividity
A) Blood coagulated inside vessels; does not change with position
B) Cooling of the body
C) Discoloration due to poisoning
D) Blood still fluid inside vessels; changes with body position
  • 94. What is diffusion lividity
A) Loss of corneal reflex
B) Blood still fluid inside a vessels
C) Discoloration due to heat
D) Blood coagulated inside vessels
  • 95. What is the cause of death in syncope
A) Brain failure
B) Respiratory failure
C) Heart failure
D) Poisoning
  • 96. What is the cause of death in asphyxia
A) Brain failure
B) Poisoning
C) Heart failure
D) Respiratory failure due to lack of oxygen
  • 97. Which of the following is not a method of judicial death
A) Lethal injection
B) Electrocution
C) Natural causes
D) Hanging
  • 98. A body is found with rigor mortis fully developed and fix lividity. How long has the person likely been dead
A) 12 hours or more
B) Less than 3 hours
C) 3-6 hours
D) More than 1 week
  • 99. Which vital function must cease for death to be legally declared
A) Central nervous system activity only
B) All three; respiratory, cardiac, and central nervous system
C) Respiratory only
D) Cardiac activity only
  • 100. The first medico-legal laboratory in the philippines was established in
A) 1985
B) 1895
C) 1919
D) 1960
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