Scimed
  • 1. A police officer arrives at a suspected homicide scene and finds a body with no obvious sign of life. What should the officer do first?
A) Call a physician to establish death
B) Move in the body to the hospital
C) Begin collecting evidence
D) Pronounce the victim dead
  • 2. A body is found with cherry red discoloration on the skin. What is the likely cause of death?
A) Asphyxia
B) Natural causes
C) Carbon monoxide poisoning
D) Phosphorus poisoning
  • 3. A corpse shows complete stiffening of muscles 4 hours after death. What is the likely cause of death?
A) Algor mortis
B) Rigor mortis
C) Livor mortis
D) Putrefaction
  • 4. During an autopsy the physician finds green discoloration spreading over the abdomen 24 hours after death. What is this indicative of?
A) Mummification
B) Maceration
C) Saponification
D) Early potrefaction
  • 5. A patient in coma dies due to failure of vital brain centers. What mode of death is this
A) Asphyxia
B) Cardiac arrest
C) Coma
D) Syncope
  • 6. A body is found with blood settled independent parts that changes when the body is moved. What type of lividity is this?
A) Phosphorus lividity
B) Diffusion lividity
C) Carbon monoxide lividity
D) Hypostatic lividity
  • 7. A person is founded with no heartbeat for 3 minutes but still has some respiratory effort. What is the legal status?
A) Suspended animation
B) Requires further examination
C) Dead
D) Alive
  • 8. A corpse shows dry blister formation after heat application with no surrounding redness. What does this indicate
A) Heat caused death
B) Body is alive
C) Death occurred before heat application
D) Death occurred after heat application
  • 9. A body is found with skin pale, and waxy, loss of elasticity and postmortem contact flattening. What stage is this?
A) Mummification
B) Autolysis
C) Advance putrefaction
D) Early postmortem changes
  • 10. Victim was found with instantaneous muscles rigidity immediately after death due to chest injury. What is this called
A) Cold stiffening
B) Cadaveric spasm
C) Rigor mortis
D) Heat stiffening
  • 11. A physician is called to determine death but finds the victim in a state of temporary loss of consciousness due to electric shock
A) Molecular death
B) Somatic death
C) Clinical death
D) Apparent death or suspended animation
  • 12. A corpse is found with dark brown lividity. what poison is likely involved?
A) Phosphorus
B) Cyanide
C) Carbon monoxide
D) Arsenic
  • 13. A body is found bloated with green discoloration and maggots 48 hours after death. What is the process called?
A) Saponification
B) Putrefaction
C) Mummification
D) Autolysis
  • 14. A physician performs an external examination of a dead body without incision
A) Forensic investigation
B) Autopsy
C) Medical examination
D) Post-mortem examination
  • 15. A forensic pathologist is task to determine if a death was due to homicide or natural causes
A) Research autopsy
B) Medico-legal or forensic autopsy
C) Medical autopsy
D) Clinical autopsy
  • 16. A victims body is found with the pupil fixed in the position of rest and loss of corneal reflex
A) The person is alive
B) Brain death
C) Suspended animation
D) Early signs of death
  • 17. A body is found with fatty tissues transferred into a soft brownish white substance
A) Maceration
B) Putrefaction
C) Saponification or adipocere formation
D) Mummification
  • 18. A physician notes that the victim survive an injury for prolonged period allowing complications to develop before them. What cause of death is this?
A) Unknown cause
B) Immediate cause
C) Natural causes
D) Proximate (secondary) cause
  • 19. A corpse is found with green discoloration over the abdomen and spreading to the chest 24 hours after death. What is the stage of putrefaction?
A) Advance
B) Early
C) Final
D) None
  • 20. A body is found with lividity that does not change when the body position is altered
A) Carbon monoxide
B) Hypostatic
C) Diffusion
D) Phosphorus
  • 21. A victim was exposed to extreme cold before death and the muscles are hardened
A) Heat stiffening
B) Cold stiffening
C) Cadaveric spasm
D) Rigor mortis
  • 22. A physician is called to crime scene where the victims heart has stopped for 6 minutes
A) The victim is alive
B) Death is certain
C) Requires resuscitation
D) Death is uncertain
  • 23. A body is found with a triangular black spot on the sclera a few hours after death. What is this called?
A) Livor mortis
B) Algor mortis
C) Tache noir de la sclerotique
D) Rigor mortis
  • 24. A forensic expert finds that the victims muscles no longer respond to electrical stimulus and have become flaccid after rigor mortis
A) Secondary flaccidity
B) Primary placidity
C) Post-mortem rigidity
D) Putrefaction
  • 25. A body is found with no heart action and no circulation for 2 minutes. What should be the next?
A) Attempt resuscitation
B) Call the police
C) Wait for 3 minutes before declaring death
D) Declare that immediately
  • 26. A victim died from respiratory failure due to lack of oxygen
A) Asphyxia
B) Syncope
C) Coma
D) Cardiac arrest
  • 27. A body is found with post more time lividity that is cherry red. What is the probable cause of death?
A) Carbon monoxide poisoning
B) Cyanide poisoning
C) Both A and B
  • 28. A corpse is found with skin that is pale and waxy and has lost elasticity. What post-mortem change is this?
A) Changes in the skin after death
B) Rigor mortis
C) Algor mortis
D) Livor mortis
  • 29. A forensic pathologist is examining a body and notes that the muscles of the face are stiff but the limbs are still flaccid. How long has the body likely been dead?
A) 2-6 hours
B) More than 12 hours
C) Less than 2 hours
D) 6-12 hours
  • 30. Which wound is most likely to cause that immediately after infliction
A) Non-mortal wound
B) Closed wound
C) Superficial wound
D) Mortal wound
  • 31. Which organ is NOT usually considered mortal if wounded
A) Skin
B) Brain
C) Heart
D) Lungs
  • 32. A wound caused by a blunt instrument is called:
A) Incised wound
B) Contusion
C) Stab wound
D) Punctured wound
  • 33. What is a wound caused by a sharp edge instrument
A) Lacerated wound
B) Hematoma
C) Contusion
D) Incised wound
  • 34. Which wound is produced by a sharp-pointed instrument
A) Abrasion
B) Punctured wound
C) Lacerated wound
D) Stab wound
  • 35. A wound that has both entry and exit points is called:
A) Perforating wound
B) Abrasion
C) Contusion
D) Lacerated wound
  • 36. In injury at the site of force application is:
A) Lacerated wound
B) Contre-coup injury
C) Coup injury
D) Patterned wound
  • 37. An injury found opposite the site of force application is:
A) Contre-coup injury
B) Patterned wound
C) Coup injury
D) Defense wound
  • 38. A wound resulting from self protection is called:
A) Self inflicted wound
B) Patterned wound
C) Lacerated wound
D) Defense wound
  • 39. A wound that reflects the shape of the object causing it is:
A) Patterned wound
B) Closed wound
C) Coup injury
D) Superficial wound
  • 40. A wound produced on oneself is called:
A) Self-inflicted wound
B) Patterned wound
C) Coup injury
D) Defense wound
  • 41. According to aristotle, at what day after conception does fetal animation occur?
A) 20th day
B) 30th day
C) 40th day
D) 50th day
  • 42. What did Numa Popilius decree regarding women dying during confinement?
A) They should be opened to save the child
B) None of the above
C) They should be given a trial
D) They should be buried immediately
  • 43. Who was the first police Surgeon or Forensic Pathologist?
A) Antistius
B) Paulus Zacchias
C) Dr. Rafael Genard y Mas
D) Ambroise Pare
  • 44. Death is defined medically as the complete cessation of which vital functions?
A) Cardiac and muscular only
B) Central nervous system only
C) Respiratory and digestive only
D) Respiratory ,cardiac, and central nervous system
  • 45. What happens to criminal liability upon death?
A) It is extinguished
B) It is suspended
C) It is transferred to heirs
D) It continues
  • 46. Immediate (primary) cause of death refers to:
A) Death caused by accident only
B) Death caused by slow disease progression
C) Death caused by poisoning only
D) Death caused quickly without complications
  • 47. What is somatic or clinical death
A) Temporary loss of consciousness
B) Complete sensation of brain, heart, and lung functions
C) Death of individual cells
D) Death declared by family members
  • 48. Which type of death involves the patient giving up prematurely?
A) Psychic death
B) Biologic death
C) Sociology death
D) Physiological death
  • 49. A man is found with a wound on his chest that passes through the body and exist from the back. What type of wound is this
A) Perforating wound
B) Penetrating wound
C) Lacerated wound
D) Incised wound
  • 50. A woman presents with a wound on her forearm that matches the shape of a belt buckle after being stuck. What is this wound called?
A) Self-inflicted wound
B) Patterned wound
C) Defense wound
D) Coup injury
  • 51. During an autopsy, a wound is found on the victims palm, likely caused by instinctive self protection against an attacker with a knife.
A) Contre-coup injury
B) Defense wound
C) Coup injury
D) Patterned wound
  • 52. A person working in a freezer for long hours develops swelling, discoloration, and tissue death in their fingers. What is the most likely diagnosed?
A) Trench foot
B) Frostbite
C) Heat stroke
D) Scald
  • 53. A victim is found with a gunshot wound to the abdomen. The wound is larger and more destructive than usual, and the firearm was discharged at closed range. What explains the severity?
A) Discharge was close to the skin
B) The bullet was small
C) The bullet was made over rubber
D) The wound was accidental
  • 54. After a car accident a patient is found to have a partial description in the ligamentous support of the ankle joint but no bone displacement.
A) Strain
B) Fracture
C) Dislocation
D) Sprain
  • 55. A young woman is examine after an alleged sexual assault. Her hymen is found to be lacerated. What is the medical term for this finding?
A) Cribiform hymen
B) False physical virginity
C) Demi virginity
D) Defloration
  • 56. A man is found hanging from a rope in his bedroom. The rope and anchorage are accessible, and there is evidence of movement of the rope as the body was suspended. What is the most likely manner of death?
A) Undetermined
B) Homicide
C) Accident
D) Suicide
  • 57. What is the first essential step in a homicide investigation
A) Establishing the fact of death
B) Arresting suspect
C) Collecting evidence
D) Interviewing witness
  • 58. Which mode of death results primarily brown failure of lighter brain centers
A) Syncope
B) Asphyxia
C) Coma
D) Cardiac arrest
  • 59. What is rigor mortis
A) This coloration of the body
B) Cooling of the body
C) Stiffening of the body muscles after death
D) Lost of corneal reflex
  • 60. How long does it generally take for the body to reach ambient temperature after death in tropical countries
A) 6-8hours
B) 12-15 hours
C) 24 hours
D) 1-3 hours
  • 61. What is the stage of secondary flaccidity
A) Muscle relaxation after rigor mortis disappears
B) Initial muscles stiffness
C) Discoloration of the skin
D) Cooling ng of the body
  • 62. What is a autolysis
A) Cooling of the body
B) Self-digestion of tissues by enzymes after death
C) Bacterial decomposition
D) Muscles tiffening
  • 63. Putrefaction involve:
A) Loss of corneal reflex
B) Instantaneous muscles definition
C) Dehydration of the body
D) Breaking down of proteins with foul-smelling gases
  • 64. Which of the following is a special modification of putrefaction
A) Saponification
B) All of the above
C) Maceration
D) Mummification
  • 65. What is the difference between autopsy and postmortem examination
A) Postmortem includes internal examination; autopsy is external only
B) Autopsy includes internal examination; postmortem is external only
C) Both are the same
D) Autopsy is done by police only
  • 66. What is the main purpose of medical legal or forensic autopsy
A) Perform organ donation
B) None of the above
C) Determine cause, manner, and time of death for legal purposes
D) Determine medical cause of death for research
  • 67. Which is not a general effect of heat
A) Frostbite
B) Heat exhaustion
C) Heat cramps
D) Heat stroke
  • 68. Painful muscle contractions due to dehydration are called
A) Heatstroke
B) Trench foot
C) Heat cramps
D) Heat exhaustion
  • 69. Heart failure caused by heat and exertion is:
A) Heat exhaustion
B) Frostbite
C) Heat cramps
D) Heat stroke
  • 70. A life threatening condition from high temperature is;
A) Heat stroke
B) Scald
C) Heat cramps
D) Heat exhaustion
  • 71. A burn caused by heat liquid is
A) Contusion
B) Scald
C) Frostbite
D) Burn
  • 72. All gunshot wounds result from the entry of
A) Rope
B) Knife
C) Blunt object
D) Projectile
  • 73. The closer the gun is to the skin, the;
A) No effect
B) Lesser the damage
C) None of the above
D) Greater the damage
  • 74. Which is not a sign of accidental gunshot wound
A) No spatial area involved
B) Usually one shot
C) Witness testimony
D) Multiple wounds
  • 75. Which is not a sign of homicidal gunshot wound
A) Absence of weapon
B) Multiple entry sites
C) Firearm found at scene
D) Signs of struggle
  • 76. Hanging is usually considered:
A) Suicidal
B) Undetermined
C) Accidental
D) Homicide
  • 77. Which is not a common method of suicide
A) Hanging
B) Frostbite
C) Poisoning
D) Drowning
  • 78. Accidental death is defined as death that:
A) Occurs beyond one's will
B) Is self inflicted
C) Is always violent
D) Is planned
  • 79. Rape is committed when there is
A) Slightest penetration
B) Only oral contact
C) Full penetration
D) No penetration
  • 80. A child falls and scrapes his knee resulting in the loss of the superficial layers of skin. What type of wound is this
A) Contusion
B) Abrasion
C) Lacerated wound
D) Incised wound
  • 81. Which is not an essential element of rape
A) Use of force or intimidation
B) Carnal knowledge
C) Offender is a man
D) Victim is always over 18
  • 82. Sexual assault under the anti rape law includes:
A) Both a and b
B) Inserting penis into mouth
C) Inserting object into genital or orifice
  • 83. Which is not evidence in rape investigation
A) Suspects clothing
B) Panty of victim
C) Physical exam of victim
D) Victims height
  • 84. Virginity is presumed when a woman is:
A) Single and good repetition
B) Married
C) Over 40
D) None of the above
  • 85. Defloration is:
A) Laceration of hymen from sexual intercourse
B) Only from sports
C) None of the above
D) Only hymen injury
  • 86. Demi virginity refers to:
A) Complete abstinence
B) Permitting sexual liberties but not rupturing hymen
C) Never having sexual liberties
D) None of the above
  • 87. Homosexuality is
A) Sexual desire towards corpses
B) Sexual desire towards children
C) Sexual desire towards same sex
D) Sexual desire towards animals
  • 88. Necrophilia is
A) Sexual desire towards same sex
B) Sexual desire towards children
C) Sexual desire towards corpses
D) Sexual desire towards animal
  • 89. What is the usual time frame for rigor mortis to disappear
A) 48-72 hours
B) 6-12 hours
C) 18-36 hours
D) 1 week
  • 90. What is the first sign of death in the eye
A) Flaccidity of eyeball
B) Loss of corneal reflex
C) Clouding of cornea
D) Pupil fixed in position of rest
  • 91. What is "Tache noir de la sclerotique"
A) Rigor mortis in eyelids
B) Discoloration of nails
C) Bruise on the skin
D) Post-mortem spots on sclera appearing hours after death
  • 92. What does heat application on skin after death produced
A) Redness around blister
B) No blister
C) Dry blister without fluid
D) Wet blister
  • 93. What is hypostatic lividity
A) Blood still fluid inside vessels; changes with body position
B) Discoloration due to poisoning
C) Blood coagulated inside vessels; does not change with position
D) Cooling of the body
  • 94. What is diffusion lividity
A) Blood coagulated inside vessels
B) Blood still fluid inside a vessels
C) Discoloration due to heat
D) Loss of corneal reflex
  • 95. What is the cause of death in syncope
A) Respiratory failure
B) Poisoning
C) Brain failure
D) Heart failure
  • 96. What is the cause of death in asphyxia
A) Poisoning
B) Heart failure
C) Brain failure
D) Respiratory failure due to lack of oxygen
  • 97. Which of the following is not a method of judicial death
A) Hanging
B) Electrocution
C) Lethal injection
D) Natural causes
  • 98. A body is found with rigor mortis fully developed and fix lividity. How long has the person likely been dead
A) More than 1 week
B) 12 hours or more
C) Less than 3 hours
D) 3-6 hours
  • 99. Which vital function must cease for death to be legally declared
A) Cardiac activity only
B) All three; respiratory, cardiac, and central nervous system
C) Central nervous system activity only
D) Respiratory only
  • 100. The first medico-legal laboratory in the philippines was established in
A) 1895
B) 1960
C) 1919
D) 1985
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