Scimed
  • 1. A police officer arrives at a suspected homicide scene and finds a body with no obvious sign of life. What should the officer do first?
A) Move in the body to the hospital
B) Call a physician to establish death
C) Pronounce the victim dead
D) Begin collecting evidence
  • 2. A body is found with cherry red discoloration on the skin. What is the likely cause of death?
A) Carbon monoxide poisoning
B) Phosphorus poisoning
C) Natural causes
D) Asphyxia
  • 3. A corpse shows complete stiffening of muscles 4 hours after death. What is the likely cause of death?
A) Rigor mortis
B) Algor mortis
C) Putrefaction
D) Livor mortis
  • 4. During an autopsy the physician finds green discoloration spreading over the abdomen 24 hours after death. What is this indicative of?
A) Maceration
B) Saponification
C) Early potrefaction
D) Mummification
  • 5. A patient in coma dies due to failure of vital brain centers. What mode of death is this
A) Syncope
B) Asphyxia
C) Cardiac arrest
D) Coma
  • 6. A body is found with blood settled independent parts that changes when the body is moved. What type of lividity is this?
A) Hypostatic lividity
B) Carbon monoxide lividity
C) Diffusion lividity
D) Phosphorus lividity
  • 7. A person is founded with no heartbeat for 3 minutes but still has some respiratory effort. What is the legal status?
A) Alive
B) Dead
C) Requires further examination
D) Suspended animation
  • 8. A corpse shows dry blister formation after heat application with no surrounding redness. What does this indicate
A) Body is alive
B) Death occurred after heat application
C) Heat caused death
D) Death occurred before heat application
  • 9. A body is found with skin pale, and waxy, loss of elasticity and postmortem contact flattening. What stage is this?
A) Advance putrefaction
B) Mummification
C) Autolysis
D) Early postmortem changes
  • 10. Victim was found with instantaneous muscles rigidity immediately after death due to chest injury. What is this called
A) Rigor mortis
B) Heat stiffening
C) Cold stiffening
D) Cadaveric spasm
  • 11. A physician is called to determine death but finds the victim in a state of temporary loss of consciousness due to electric shock
A) Clinical death
B) Apparent death or suspended animation
C) Somatic death
D) Molecular death
  • 12. A corpse is found with dark brown lividity. what poison is likely involved?
A) Carbon monoxide
B) Phosphorus
C) Arsenic
D) Cyanide
  • 13. A body is found bloated with green discoloration and maggots 48 hours after death. What is the process called?
A) Saponification
B) Putrefaction
C) Mummification
D) Autolysis
  • 14. A physician performs an external examination of a dead body without incision
A) Autopsy
B) Medical examination
C) Post-mortem examination
D) Forensic investigation
  • 15. A forensic pathologist is task to determine if a death was due to homicide or natural causes
A) Clinical autopsy
B) Research autopsy
C) Medical autopsy
D) Medico-legal or forensic autopsy
  • 16. A victims body is found with the pupil fixed in the position of rest and loss of corneal reflex
A) Suspended animation
B) The person is alive
C) Early signs of death
D) Brain death
  • 17. A body is found with fatty tissues transferred into a soft brownish white substance
A) Saponification or adipocere formation
B) Maceration
C) Putrefaction
D) Mummification
  • 18. A physician notes that the victim survive an injury for prolonged period allowing complications to develop before them. What cause of death is this?
A) Proximate (secondary) cause
B) Unknown cause
C) Immediate cause
D) Natural causes
  • 19. A corpse is found with green discoloration over the abdomen and spreading to the chest 24 hours after death. What is the stage of putrefaction?
A) Advance
B) Final
C) Early
D) None
  • 20. A body is found with lividity that does not change when the body position is altered
A) Carbon monoxide
B) Hypostatic
C) Phosphorus
D) Diffusion
  • 21. A victim was exposed to extreme cold before death and the muscles are hardened
A) Rigor mortis
B) Cadaveric spasm
C) Heat stiffening
D) Cold stiffening
  • 22. A physician is called to crime scene where the victims heart has stopped for 6 minutes
A) Requires resuscitation
B) Death is uncertain
C) The victim is alive
D) Death is certain
  • 23. A body is found with a triangular black spot on the sclera a few hours after death. What is this called?
A) Livor mortis
B) Rigor mortis
C) Algor mortis
D) Tache noir de la sclerotique
  • 24. A forensic expert finds that the victims muscles no longer respond to electrical stimulus and have become flaccid after rigor mortis
A) Post-mortem rigidity
B) Putrefaction
C) Primary placidity
D) Secondary flaccidity
  • 25. A body is found with no heart action and no circulation for 2 minutes. What should be the next?
A) Call the police
B) Attempt resuscitation
C) Declare that immediately
D) Wait for 3 minutes before declaring death
  • 26. A victim died from respiratory failure due to lack of oxygen
A) Coma
B) Syncope
C) Cardiac arrest
D) Asphyxia
  • 27. A body is found with post more time lividity that is cherry red. What is the probable cause of death?
A) Cyanide poisoning
B) Both A and B
C) Carbon monoxide poisoning
  • 28. A corpse is found with skin that is pale and waxy and has lost elasticity. What post-mortem change is this?
A) Algor mortis
B) Changes in the skin after death
C) Rigor mortis
D) Livor mortis
  • 29. A forensic pathologist is examining a body and notes that the muscles of the face are stiff but the limbs are still flaccid. How long has the body likely been dead?
A) 2-6 hours
B) More than 12 hours
C) 6-12 hours
D) Less than 2 hours
  • 30. Which wound is most likely to cause that immediately after infliction
A) Mortal wound
B) Non-mortal wound
C) Superficial wound
D) Closed wound
  • 31. Which organ is NOT usually considered mortal if wounded
A) Brain
B) Lungs
C) Skin
D) Heart
  • 32. A wound caused by a blunt instrument is called:
A) Punctured wound
B) Contusion
C) Stab wound
D) Incised wound
  • 33. What is a wound caused by a sharp edge instrument
A) Hematoma
B) Lacerated wound
C) Contusion
D) Incised wound
  • 34. Which wound is produced by a sharp-pointed instrument
A) Abrasion
B) Stab wound
C) Punctured wound
D) Lacerated wound
  • 35. A wound that has both entry and exit points is called:
A) Abrasion
B) Perforating wound
C) Lacerated wound
D) Contusion
  • 36. In injury at the site of force application is:
A) Lacerated wound
B) Coup injury
C) Contre-coup injury
D) Patterned wound
  • 37. An injury found opposite the site of force application is:
A) Coup injury
B) Patterned wound
C) Contre-coup injury
D) Defense wound
  • 38. A wound resulting from self protection is called:
A) Defense wound
B) Lacerated wound
C) Patterned wound
D) Self inflicted wound
  • 39. A wound that reflects the shape of the object causing it is:
A) Coup injury
B) Closed wound
C) Patterned wound
D) Superficial wound
  • 40. A wound produced on oneself is called:
A) Coup injury
B) Defense wound
C) Patterned wound
D) Self-inflicted wound
  • 41. According to aristotle, at what day after conception does fetal animation occur?
A) 40th day
B) 50th day
C) 30th day
D) 20th day
  • 42. What did Numa Popilius decree regarding women dying during confinement?
A) None of the above
B) They should be opened to save the child
C) They should be given a trial
D) They should be buried immediately
  • 43. Who was the first police Surgeon or Forensic Pathologist?
A) Ambroise Pare
B) Paulus Zacchias
C) Dr. Rafael Genard y Mas
D) Antistius
  • 44. Death is defined medically as the complete cessation of which vital functions?
A) Respiratory ,cardiac, and central nervous system
B) Cardiac and muscular only
C) Respiratory and digestive only
D) Central nervous system only
  • 45. What happens to criminal liability upon death?
A) It is extinguished
B) It is suspended
C) It is transferred to heirs
D) It continues
  • 46. Immediate (primary) cause of death refers to:
A) Death caused by slow disease progression
B) Death caused by accident only
C) Death caused quickly without complications
D) Death caused by poisoning only
  • 47. What is somatic or clinical death
A) Death of individual cells
B) Complete sensation of brain, heart, and lung functions
C) Death declared by family members
D) Temporary loss of consciousness
  • 48. Which type of death involves the patient giving up prematurely?
A) Sociology death
B) Psychic death
C) Physiological death
D) Biologic death
  • 49. A man is found with a wound on his chest that passes through the body and exist from the back. What type of wound is this
A) Perforating wound
B) Incised wound
C) Penetrating wound
D) Lacerated wound
  • 50. A woman presents with a wound on her forearm that matches the shape of a belt buckle after being stuck. What is this wound called?
A) Defense wound
B) Self-inflicted wound
C) Patterned wound
D) Coup injury
  • 51. During an autopsy, a wound is found on the victims palm, likely caused by instinctive self protection against an attacker with a knife.
A) Contre-coup injury
B) Defense wound
C) Coup injury
D) Patterned wound
  • 52. A person working in a freezer for long hours develops swelling, discoloration, and tissue death in their fingers. What is the most likely diagnosed?
A) Frostbite
B) Trench foot
C) Scald
D) Heat stroke
  • 53. A victim is found with a gunshot wound to the abdomen. The wound is larger and more destructive than usual, and the firearm was discharged at closed range. What explains the severity?
A) The bullet was small
B) The wound was accidental
C) Discharge was close to the skin
D) The bullet was made over rubber
  • 54. After a car accident a patient is found to have a partial description in the ligamentous support of the ankle joint but no bone displacement.
A) Strain
B) Sprain
C) Fracture
D) Dislocation
  • 55. A young woman is examine after an alleged sexual assault. Her hymen is found to be lacerated. What is the medical term for this finding?
A) Demi virginity
B) Cribiform hymen
C) False physical virginity
D) Defloration
  • 56. A man is found hanging from a rope in his bedroom. The rope and anchorage are accessible, and there is evidence of movement of the rope as the body was suspended. What is the most likely manner of death?
A) Accident
B) Homicide
C) Undetermined
D) Suicide
  • 57. What is the first essential step in a homicide investigation
A) Arresting suspect
B) Interviewing witness
C) Collecting evidence
D) Establishing the fact of death
  • 58. Which mode of death results primarily brown failure of lighter brain centers
A) Coma
B) Asphyxia
C) Cardiac arrest
D) Syncope
  • 59. What is rigor mortis
A) This coloration of the body
B) Cooling of the body
C) Lost of corneal reflex
D) Stiffening of the body muscles after death
  • 60. How long does it generally take for the body to reach ambient temperature after death in tropical countries
A) 1-3 hours
B) 12-15 hours
C) 6-8hours
D) 24 hours
  • 61. What is the stage of secondary flaccidity
A) Discoloration of the skin
B) Initial muscles stiffness
C) Cooling ng of the body
D) Muscle relaxation after rigor mortis disappears
  • 62. What is a autolysis
A) Bacterial decomposition
B) Self-digestion of tissues by enzymes after death
C) Muscles tiffening
D) Cooling of the body
  • 63. Putrefaction involve:
A) Breaking down of proteins with foul-smelling gases
B) Instantaneous muscles definition
C) Dehydration of the body
D) Loss of corneal reflex
  • 64. Which of the following is a special modification of putrefaction
A) Saponification
B) Mummification
C) Maceration
D) All of the above
  • 65. What is the difference between autopsy and postmortem examination
A) Autopsy is done by police only
B) Both are the same
C) Autopsy includes internal examination; postmortem is external only
D) Postmortem includes internal examination; autopsy is external only
  • 66. What is the main purpose of medical legal or forensic autopsy
A) None of the above
B) Perform organ donation
C) Determine cause, manner, and time of death for legal purposes
D) Determine medical cause of death for research
  • 67. Which is not a general effect of heat
A) Heat cramps
B) Frostbite
C) Heat exhaustion
D) Heat stroke
  • 68. Painful muscle contractions due to dehydration are called
A) Heatstroke
B) Trench foot
C) Heat cramps
D) Heat exhaustion
  • 69. Heart failure caused by heat and exertion is:
A) Heat cramps
B) Frostbite
C) Heat exhaustion
D) Heat stroke
  • 70. A life threatening condition from high temperature is;
A) Heat exhaustion
B) Scald
C) Heat cramps
D) Heat stroke
  • 71. A burn caused by heat liquid is
A) Frostbite
B) Scald
C) Burn
D) Contusion
  • 72. All gunshot wounds result from the entry of
A) Knife
B) Rope
C) Projectile
D) Blunt object
  • 73. The closer the gun is to the skin, the;
A) No effect
B) None of the above
C) Lesser the damage
D) Greater the damage
  • 74. Which is not a sign of accidental gunshot wound
A) No spatial area involved
B) Usually one shot
C) Witness testimony
D) Multiple wounds
  • 75. Which is not a sign of homicidal gunshot wound
A) Absence of weapon
B) Signs of struggle
C) Firearm found at scene
D) Multiple entry sites
  • 76. Hanging is usually considered:
A) Accidental
B) Homicide
C) Undetermined
D) Suicidal
  • 77. Which is not a common method of suicide
A) Poisoning
B) Drowning
C) Frostbite
D) Hanging
  • 78. Accidental death is defined as death that:
A) Is self inflicted
B) Is always violent
C) Is planned
D) Occurs beyond one's will
  • 79. Rape is committed when there is
A) Only oral contact
B) Full penetration
C) No penetration
D) Slightest penetration
  • 80. A child falls and scrapes his knee resulting in the loss of the superficial layers of skin. What type of wound is this
A) Lacerated wound
B) Incised wound
C) Abrasion
D) Contusion
  • 81. Which is not an essential element of rape
A) Victim is always over 18
B) Carnal knowledge
C) Offender is a man
D) Use of force or intimidation
  • 82. Sexual assault under the anti rape law includes:
A) Both a and b
B) Inserting penis into mouth
C) Inserting object into genital or orifice
  • 83. Which is not evidence in rape investigation
A) Suspects clothing
B) Victims height
C) Panty of victim
D) Physical exam of victim
  • 84. Virginity is presumed when a woman is:
A) Single and good repetition
B) Married
C) Over 40
D) None of the above
  • 85. Defloration is:
A) Only hymen injury
B) Only from sports
C) None of the above
D) Laceration of hymen from sexual intercourse
  • 86. Demi virginity refers to:
A) Complete abstinence
B) Never having sexual liberties
C) Permitting sexual liberties but not rupturing hymen
D) None of the above
  • 87. Homosexuality is
A) Sexual desire towards children
B) Sexual desire towards corpses
C) Sexual desire towards animals
D) Sexual desire towards same sex
  • 88. Necrophilia is
A) Sexual desire towards corpses
B) Sexual desire towards animal
C) Sexual desire towards same sex
D) Sexual desire towards children
  • 89. What is the usual time frame for rigor mortis to disappear
A) 48-72 hours
B) 6-12 hours
C) 1 week
D) 18-36 hours
  • 90. What is the first sign of death in the eye
A) Loss of corneal reflex
B) Pupil fixed in position of rest
C) Flaccidity of eyeball
D) Clouding of cornea
  • 91. What is "Tache noir de la sclerotique"
A) Post-mortem spots on sclera appearing hours after death
B) Discoloration of nails
C) Bruise on the skin
D) Rigor mortis in eyelids
  • 92. What does heat application on skin after death produced
A) No blister
B) Redness around blister
C) Dry blister without fluid
D) Wet blister
  • 93. What is hypostatic lividity
A) Discoloration due to poisoning
B) Cooling of the body
C) Blood coagulated inside vessels; does not change with position
D) Blood still fluid inside vessels; changes with body position
  • 94. What is diffusion lividity
A) Discoloration due to heat
B) Blood still fluid inside a vessels
C) Loss of corneal reflex
D) Blood coagulated inside vessels
  • 95. What is the cause of death in syncope
A) Heart failure
B) Respiratory failure
C) Poisoning
D) Brain failure
  • 96. What is the cause of death in asphyxia
A) Heart failure
B) Respiratory failure due to lack of oxygen
C) Brain failure
D) Poisoning
  • 97. Which of the following is not a method of judicial death
A) Lethal injection
B) Hanging
C) Electrocution
D) Natural causes
  • 98. A body is found with rigor mortis fully developed and fix lividity. How long has the person likely been dead
A) More than 1 week
B) Less than 3 hours
C) 3-6 hours
D) 12 hours or more
  • 99. Which vital function must cease for death to be legally declared
A) Respiratory only
B) Central nervous system activity only
C) All three; respiratory, cardiac, and central nervous system
D) Cardiac activity only
  • 100. The first medico-legal laboratory in the philippines was established in
A) 1895
B) 1985
C) 1960
D) 1919
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