Pontius Pilate
Pontius Pilate
  • 1. Which event is Pontius Pilate most famously associated with?
A) The crucifixion of Jesus
B) The resurrection of Jesus
C) The sermon on the mount
D) The baptism of Jesus
  • 2. According to the Gospels, how did Pilate attempt to absolve himself of responsibility?
A) He condemned Jesus himself
B) He washed his hands
C) He put it to a vote
D) He fled Jerusalem
  • 3. Which Roman Emperor was in power during Pilate's governance?
A) Augustus
B) Nero
C) Caligula
D) Tiberius
  • 4. Which Jewish festival was occurring during Jesus' trial?
A) Tabernacles
B) Hanukkah
C) Passover
D) Pentecost
  • 5. Who did Pilate release instead of Jesus?
A) Simon
B) Matthew
C) Barabbas
D) Lazarus
  • 6. How is Pilate viewed in Christian theology?
A) As a villain only
B) As a martyr
C) As a hero
D) As a figure of moral conflict
  • 7. What was Pilate's primary concern during the trial?
A) Justice for Jesus
B) The opinions of the Pharisees
C) Maintaining order and avoiding unrest
D) The truth of the accusations
  • 8. Which Gospel contains the most detailed account of Pilate's interaction with Jesus?
A) Mark
B) Luke
C) John
D) Matthew
  • 9. Which ancient historian reports that Pilate was dismissed after a Samaritan uprising?
A) Suetonius
B) Josephus
C) Tacitus
D) Pliny the Younger
  • 10. What does the cognomen 'Pilatus' potentially mean?
A) "Descendant of a Roman emperor"
B) "Follower of Jesus Christ"
C) "Leader of the Jewish council"
D) "Skilled with the javelin (pilum)"
  • 11. What might the cognomen 'Pilatus' refer to if it is not related to military skill?
A) "An ancient city in Italy"
B) "A Roman legion"
C) "The pileus or Phrygian cap, possibly indicating a freedman ancestor"
D) "A title of nobility in Judaea"
  • 12. What does the name 'Pontius' suggest about Pilate's ancestry?
A) "An ancestor was a Greek philosopher"
B) "An ancestor came from Samnium in central, southern Italy"
C) "An ancestor was a Roman emperor"
D) "An ancestor lived in Jerusalem"
  • 13. What was the original social status of Pilate's family before becoming ennobled?
A) "Noble origin"
B) "Slave origin"
C) "Plebeian origin"
D) "Patrician origin"
  • 14. According to historian Alexander Demandt, where might Pilate have had a military command?
A) "In Egypt"
B) "With a legion stationed at the Rhine or Danube"
C) "In Jerusalem"
D) "In Greece"
  • 15. What is the traditional tenure period for Pontius Pilate as governor of Judaea?
A) 17 to 27 AD
B) 26 to 36/37 AD
C) 19 to 29 AD
D) 30 to 40 AD
  • 16. What was the primary residence of Pontius Pilate as governor?
A) Jerusalem
B) Caesarea
C) Antioch
D) Capri
  • 17. Which Jewish High Priest did Pilate retain for his entire tenure?
A) Ananus ben Ananus
B) Jonathan ben Ananus
C) Joseph ben Caiaphas
D) Eleazar ben Ananias
  • 18. Which sect did Pontius Pilate work closely with during Jesus's execution according to Helen Bond?
A) Essenes
B) Zealots
C) Pharisees
D) Sadducees
  • 19. Which Jewish king did Pilate have a difficult relationship with, according to the Gospel of Luke?
A) Philip the Tetrarch
B) Herod Antipas
C) Archelaus
D) Herod Agrippa I
  • 20. Who was responsible for collecting tributes and taxes during Pilate's governorship?
A) Pontius Pilate
B) The Jewish Sanhedrin
C) Herod Antipas
D) Lucius Vitellius
  • 21. Which scholar argues that Pilate's governorship began in 19 AD?
A) Jean-Pierre Lémonon
B) Kenneth Lönnqvist
C) Daniel R. Schwartz
D) E. Stauffer
  • 22. What was the relationship between Pontius Pilate and Herod Antipas after Jesus's execution?
A) Their relationship mended.
B) Herod Antipas was removed from power.
C) They became political allies.
D) It deteriorated further.
  • 23. What policy is Joan Taylor known for attributing to Pontius Pilate during his governorship?
A) Reducing military presence in Jerusalem
B) Promoting the imperial cult
C) Implementing tax reforms
D) Building new infrastructure projects
  • 24. What does Bond suggest about the number of Galileans killed?
A) Only a few dozen were affected
B) All Galileans in Jerusalem were killed
C) Thousands were killed
D) The number does not seem particularly high
  • 25. Who attested to Pilate's role in condemning Jesus to death outside the Gospels?
A) Seneca
B) Tacitus
C) Cicero
D) Pliny the Younger
  • 26. According to Josephus, who requested Jesus's execution by Pilate?
A) Nero
B) Prominent Jews
C) Roman soldiers
D) Pontius Pilate himself
  • 27. Which form of trial did Pilate likely use to judge Jesus?
A) Cognitio extra ordinem
B) Lex Julia de adulteriis
C) Judicium publicum
D) Repetundae
  • 28. What was the crime for which Jesus was brought to Pilate and executed?
A) Theft
B) Sedition
C) Treason against Rome
D) Blasphemy
  • 29. Which Gospel is considered the earliest one, showing Jews and Pilate in agreement about executing Jesus?
A) Mark
B) John
C) Matthew
D) Luke
  • 30. Which historian argued that Pilate unhesitatingly executed Jesus as a rebel?
A) Josephus
B) Philo
C) Tacitus
D) S. G. F. Brandon
  • 31. Where did Pontius Pilate slaughter a group of armed Samaritans?
A) Tirathana near Mount Gerizim
B) Bethlehem
C) Caesarea Maritima
D) Jerusalem
  • 32. Who was the governor of Syria when Pilate's removal as governor occurred?
A) Caligula
B) Augustus
C) Lucius Vitellius the Elder
D) Tiberius
  • 33. Who was the new emperor when Pontius Pilate returned to Rome after Tiberius's death?
A) Caligula
B) Claudius
C) Vespasian
D) Nero
  • 34. Which historian claims that Pontius Pilate committed suicide after being recalled to Rome?
A) Eusebius
B) Philo
C) Josephus
D) Tacitus
  • 35. In which play does Pilate instruct flagellators on how best to whip Jesus?
A) Alsfelder Passionsspiel
B) Arnoul Gréban's fifteenth-century Passion
C) Benediktbeuern passion play
D) Frankfurter Passionsspiel
  • 36. In which text does Pilate's body experience demonic visitations?
A) The Mors Pilati
B) The Cura sanitatis Tiberii
C) The Evangelium Gamalielis
D) The Vindicta Salvatoris
  • 37. What type of coins did Pontius Pilate mint?
A) Perutah
B) Denarius
C) Aureus
D) Sestertius
  • 38. Which Spanish city has a first-century Roman tower called 'Torre del Pilatos'?
A) Huesca
B) Seville
C) Tarragona
D) Lyon
  • 39. Where did King Atus live according to the legend?
A) Vienne
B) Rome
C) Mainz
D) Jerusalem
  • 40. In what year was the Pilate Stone found by archaeologists?
A) 1955
B) 1984
C) 1970
D) 1961
  • 41. In what year was the inscription on a sealing ring attributed to Pontius Pilate uncovered?
A) 2000
B) 19th century
C) 2018
D) 2021
  • 42. Which village in Scotland claims to be Pilate's birthplace?
A) Fortingall
B) Vienne
C) Bamberg
D) Tarragona
  • 43. In which language is the Book of the Cock preserved?
A) Hebrew
B) Ge'ez (Ethiopic)
C) Greek
D) Latin
  • 44. Which play includes legendary scenes of Pilate's life before the passion?
A) Mystère de la Passion d'Angers by Jean Michel
B) Ludus de Passione from Klosterneuburg
C) Alsfelder Passionsspiel
D) Frankfurter Passionsspiel
  • 45. What stereotype was often given to Pilate in thirteenth-century depictions?
A) Greek philosopher traits
B) Stereotyped Jewish features
C) Angelic characteristics
D) Roman imperial attributes
  • 46. What action led to Pilate being sent as a hostage to Rome?
A) Attempting to escape
B) Refusing to obey orders
C) Stealing from the king
D) Killing another hostage
  • 47. What does Paul Maier note about the records of Pilate's suicide?
A) All historians agree on the details of Pilate's death.
B) Many records confirm Pilate's suicide.
C) Pilate's suicide is well-documented in Roman archives.
D) No other surviving records corroborate Pilate's suicide.
  • 48. How does Josephus view Pilate's governorship?
A) Mostly neutral
B) Very critical
C) Hostile
D) Completely supportive
  • 49. Why is there disagreement about the Pilate Stone's inscription?
A) It was damaged by natural causes.
B) The inscription is fragmentary.
C) Pilate's name is missing.
D) It was written in an unknown language.
  • 50. What was the general belief about the Ameria inscription at the turn of the 20th century?
A) It was believed to be an ancient myth.
B) It was lost and forgotten.
C) It was accepted as genuine.
D) It was considered a forgery.
  • 51. What did the earlier coins of Pontius Pilate read on the obverse?
A) ΗΡΩΔΗΣ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ
B) ΙΟΥΛΙΑ ΚΑΙΣΑΡΟΣ
C) ΤΙΒΕΡΙΟΥ ΚΑΙΣΑΡΟΣ
D) ΠΟΝΤΙΟΣ ΠΙΛΑΤΟΣ
  • 52. What is the earliest attestation of a positive tradition about Pilate?
A) Justin Martyr's writings
B) Apocryphal texts
C) Eusebius' Church History
D) Tertullian's writings
  • 53. Why is it unlikely that Pontius Pilate owned the copper-alloy sealing ring?
A) The cheap material
B) The inscription was in Latin.
C) It was dated to 2018.
D) It was discovered at Herodium.
  • 54. In which text does Pilate's suicide occur after exile by Emperor Nero?
A) The Mors Pilati
B) The Evangelium Gamalielis
C) The Cura sanitatis Tiberii
D) The Vindicta Salvatoris
  • 55. Where was the copper-alloy sealing ring with an inscription related to Pontius Pilate discovered?
A) Jerusalem
B) Herodium
C) Solomon's Pools
D) Rome
  • 56. Which ancient source is hostile towards Pontius Pilate?
A) The Gospels
B) Josephus
C) Philo
D) Tacitus
  • 57. What did Pilate grant Judas after he killed his own father?
A) An army to fight with
B) Money and jewels
C) Ruben's property
D) A position in the court
  • 58. In which country were passion plays used to satirize corrupt officials rather than stoke antisemitism?
A) Germany
B) Italy
C) England
D) France
  • 59. What is the earliest reference to Pilate's records of Jesus's trial?
A) Apocryphal texts
B) Eusebius' Church History
C) Tertullian in late first-, early second-century
D) Christian apologist Justin Martyr around 160
  • 60. What change occurred on the coins after Livia's death?
A) They only read ΤΙΒΕΡΙΟΥ ΚΑΙΣΑΡΟΣ.
B) They were no longer minted in Jerusalem.
C) They started including a portrait of Tiberius.
D) They began to feature Jewish symbols.
  • 61. Who rejected the theory that the coins' pagan symbols offended Jews?
A) Helen Bond
B) Henry MacAdam
C) Joan Taylor
D) Alexander Demandt
  • 62. Which emperor's persecution is associated with early apocryphal texts about Pilate?
A) Tiberius
B) Maximinus II
C) Trajan
D) Constantine
  • 63. In Anatole France's short story 'Le Procurateur de Judée,' where is Pontius Pilate banished?
A) Rome
B) Gaul
C) Sicily
D) Egypt
  • 64. What does the inscription on the sealing ring read in Greek?
A) ΜΑΞΙΜΙΝΟΣ (Maximinus)
B) ΣΙΚΑΡΙΟΙ (Sicarii)
C) ΠΙΛΑΤΟ(Υ) (Pilato(u))
D) ΤΕΡΩΝ (Tiberius)
  • 65. What is the name of the building mentioned in the inscription?
A) Caesarea Palace
B) Aquila
C) Temple of Augustus
D) Tiberieum
  • 66. What is the name of another aqueduct providing water to Solomon's Pools, dated to the mid-first century AD?
A) Biar Aqueduct
B) Wadi el-Biyar Aqueduct
C) Solomon's Pools
D) Arrub aqueduct
  • 67. In Chingiz Aitmatov's novel 'Plakha,' what philosophical perspective does Pilate hold?
A) Materialist pessimism, believing mankind will soon destroy itself
B) Faith in divine intervention
C) Optimistic belief in human progress
D) Indifference to the fate of humanity
  • 68. Where were Pilate's coins minted?
A) Alexandria
B) Jerusalem
C) Antioch
D) Rome
  • 69. Which medium became prominent for depicting large-scale church paintings of Pilate in Italy?
A) Woodcuts
B) Ivory carvings
C) Large-scale church paintings
D) Manuscript illuminations
  • 70. Which material became less common for Pilate's depictions starting from the eleventh century?
A) Ivory
B) Metal
C) Manuscripts
D) Frescoes
  • 71. What skill was King Atus known for?
A) Medicine
B) Swordsmanship
C) Astrology
D) Architecture
  • 72. What does Géza Alföldy suggest the Tiberieum might have been?
A) A lighthouse
B) A Roman bathhouse
C) A temple dedicated to Tiberius
D) A marketplace
  • 73. Who argued that nothing bad happened to Pilate because the Jews were responsible for Jesus' death?
A) Origen
B) Celsus
C) Tacitus
D) Eusebius
  • 74. Which text records the destruction of an aqueduct from Solomon's Pools by the Sicarii?
A) Talmud (Lamentations Rabbah 4.4)
B) Inscription on a sealing ring
C) Church History
D) Apocryphal texts
  • 75. What title is associated with Pontius Pilate in the Ameria inscription?
A) Pontifex Maximus
B) Quattuorvir (IIIVIR)
C) Governor of Judaea
D) Praetorian Prefect
  • 76. In which text is Pilate portrayed as a true believer in Christ who is martyred for his faith?
A) The Evangelium Gamalielis
B) The Cura sanitatis Tiberii
C) The Mors Pilati
D) The Vindicta Salvatoris
  • 77. Which group targeted the aqueduct from Solomon's Pools during the First Jewish-Roman War?
A) Roman soldiers
B) Sicarii
C) Temple treasury
D) Zealots
  • 78. Which scholar argues that Pilate was a reasonably competent administrator?
A) Henry MacAdam
B) E. Stauffer
C) Paul Maier
D) M. P. Charlesworth
  • 79. What is one reason scholars are skeptical of the theory connecting Pilate with Sejanus?
A) "The evidence depends entirely on Philo"
B) "Pilate's coins explicitly deny any connection"
C) "It was proven false by archaeological findings"
D) "Sejanus never existed"
  • 80. According to some versions, where was Pontius Pilate born?
A) Jerusalem
B) Bethlehem
C) Rome
D) Egypt
  • 81. Which aqueduct did A. Mazar tentatively identify as being attributed to Pontius Pilate?
A) Solomon's Pools
B) Wadi el-Biyar Aqueduct
C) Biar Aqueduct
D) Arrub aqueduct
  • 82. In which century did legends about Pilate begin in Western Europe?
A) Eleventh century
B) Ninth century
C) Seventh century
D) Fifth century
  • 83. Who tentatively identified the aqueduct attributed to Pontius Pilate in the mid-20th century?
A) Talmud
B) Josephus
C) A. Mazar
D) Kenneth Lönnqvist
  • 84. In which text does Pilate's wife and two children also get crucified?
A) The Cura sanitatis Tiberii
B) The Martyrium Pilati
C) The Vindicta Salvatoris
D) The Evangelium Gamalielis
  • 85. Which philosopher questioned why God did not punish Pontius Pilate if Jesus was divine?
A) Aristotle
B) Celsus
C) Socrates
D) Plato
  • 86. What pattern does the word 'Tiberieum' follow?
A) Naming public baths after senators.
B) Naming military structures after victories.
C) Naming buildings after Roman emperors.
D) Naming religious sites after gods.
  • 87. On what date is Pontius Pilate venerated as a saint by the Ethiopian Church?
A) 25 December
B) 25 June
C) 19 June
D) 15 August
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