Pontius Pilate
Pontius Pilate
  • 1. Which event is Pontius Pilate most famously associated with?
A) The sermon on the mount
B) The resurrection of Jesus
C) The crucifixion of Jesus
D) The baptism of Jesus
  • 2. According to the Gospels, how did Pilate attempt to absolve himself of responsibility?
A) He condemned Jesus himself
B) He washed his hands
C) He fled Jerusalem
D) He put it to a vote
  • 3. Which Roman Emperor was in power during Pilate's governance?
A) Tiberius
B) Caligula
C) Augustus
D) Nero
  • 4. Which Jewish festival was occurring during Jesus' trial?
A) Tabernacles
B) Passover
C) Pentecost
D) Hanukkah
  • 5. Who did Pilate release instead of Jesus?
A) Matthew
B) Lazarus
C) Simon
D) Barabbas
  • 6. How is Pilate viewed in Christian theology?
A) As a villain only
B) As a figure of moral conflict
C) As a martyr
D) As a hero
  • 7. What was Pilate's primary concern during the trial?
A) Justice for Jesus
B) Maintaining order and avoiding unrest
C) The opinions of the Pharisees
D) The truth of the accusations
  • 8. Which Gospel contains the most detailed account of Pilate's interaction with Jesus?
A) Mark
B) John
C) Luke
D) Matthew
  • 9. Which ancient historian reports that Pilate was dismissed after a Samaritan uprising?
A) Josephus
B) Tacitus
C) Pliny the Younger
D) Suetonius
  • 10. What does the cognomen 'Pilatus' potentially mean?
A) "Descendant of a Roman emperor"
B) "Leader of the Jewish council"
C) "Follower of Jesus Christ"
D) "Skilled with the javelin (pilum)"
  • 11. What might the cognomen 'Pilatus' refer to if it is not related to military skill?
A) "An ancient city in Italy"
B) "The pileus or Phrygian cap, possibly indicating a freedman ancestor"
C) "A Roman legion"
D) "A title of nobility in Judaea"
  • 12. What does the name 'Pontius' suggest about Pilate's ancestry?
A) "An ancestor was a Roman emperor"
B) "An ancestor was a Greek philosopher"
C) "An ancestor lived in Jerusalem"
D) "An ancestor came from Samnium in central, southern Italy"
  • 13. What was the original social status of Pilate's family before becoming ennobled?
A) "Noble origin"
B) "Plebeian origin"
C) "Slave origin"
D) "Patrician origin"
  • 14. According to historian Alexander Demandt, where might Pilate have had a military command?
A) "In Jerusalem"
B) "In Egypt"
C) "In Greece"
D) "With a legion stationed at the Rhine or Danube"
  • 15. What is the traditional tenure period for Pontius Pilate as governor of Judaea?
A) 30 to 40 AD
B) 17 to 27 AD
C) 19 to 29 AD
D) 26 to 36/37 AD
  • 16. What was the primary residence of Pontius Pilate as governor?
A) Capri
B) Caesarea
C) Jerusalem
D) Antioch
  • 17. Which Jewish High Priest did Pilate retain for his entire tenure?
A) Ananus ben Ananus
B) Eleazar ben Ananias
C) Jonathan ben Ananus
D) Joseph ben Caiaphas
  • 18. Which sect did Pontius Pilate work closely with during Jesus's execution according to Helen Bond?
A) Essenes
B) Zealots
C) Sadducees
D) Pharisees
  • 19. Which Jewish king did Pilate have a difficult relationship with, according to the Gospel of Luke?
A) Herod Antipas
B) Herod Agrippa I
C) Philip the Tetrarch
D) Archelaus
  • 20. Who was responsible for collecting tributes and taxes during Pilate's governorship?
A) The Jewish Sanhedrin
B) Pontius Pilate
C) Herod Antipas
D) Lucius Vitellius
  • 21. Which scholar argues that Pilate's governorship began in 19 AD?
A) Kenneth Lönnqvist
B) Daniel R. Schwartz
C) E. Stauffer
D) Jean-Pierre Lémonon
  • 22. What was the relationship between Pontius Pilate and Herod Antipas after Jesus's execution?
A) They became political allies.
B) Herod Antipas was removed from power.
C) Their relationship mended.
D) It deteriorated further.
  • 23. What policy is Joan Taylor known for attributing to Pontius Pilate during his governorship?
A) Promoting the imperial cult
B) Building new infrastructure projects
C) Implementing tax reforms
D) Reducing military presence in Jerusalem
  • 24. What does Bond suggest about the number of Galileans killed?
A) The number does not seem particularly high
B) Thousands were killed
C) All Galileans in Jerusalem were killed
D) Only a few dozen were affected
  • 25. Who attested to Pilate's role in condemning Jesus to death outside the Gospels?
A) Pliny the Younger
B) Seneca
C) Tacitus
D) Cicero
  • 26. According to Josephus, who requested Jesus's execution by Pilate?
A) Roman soldiers
B) Nero
C) Pontius Pilate himself
D) Prominent Jews
  • 27. Which form of trial did Pilate likely use to judge Jesus?
A) Cognitio extra ordinem
B) Judicium publicum
C) Repetundae
D) Lex Julia de adulteriis
  • 28. What was the crime for which Jesus was brought to Pilate and executed?
A) Treason against Rome
B) Sedition
C) Theft
D) Blasphemy
  • 29. Which Gospel is considered the earliest one, showing Jews and Pilate in agreement about executing Jesus?
A) Mark
B) John
C) Luke
D) Matthew
  • 30. Which historian argued that Pilate unhesitatingly executed Jesus as a rebel?
A) Josephus
B) S. G. F. Brandon
C) Philo
D) Tacitus
  • 31. Where did Pontius Pilate slaughter a group of armed Samaritans?
A) Bethlehem
B) Caesarea Maritima
C) Jerusalem
D) Tirathana near Mount Gerizim
  • 32. Who was the governor of Syria when Pilate's removal as governor occurred?
A) Caligula
B) Lucius Vitellius the Elder
C) Tiberius
D) Augustus
  • 33. Who was the new emperor when Pontius Pilate returned to Rome after Tiberius's death?
A) Vespasian
B) Caligula
C) Claudius
D) Nero
  • 34. Which historian claims that Pontius Pilate committed suicide after being recalled to Rome?
A) Philo
B) Eusebius
C) Josephus
D) Tacitus
  • 35. In which play does Pilate instruct flagellators on how best to whip Jesus?
A) Benediktbeuern passion play
B) Arnoul Gréban's fifteenth-century Passion
C) Alsfelder Passionsspiel
D) Frankfurter Passionsspiel
  • 36. In which text does Pilate's body experience demonic visitations?
A) The Evangelium Gamalielis
B) The Cura sanitatis Tiberii
C) The Mors Pilati
D) The Vindicta Salvatoris
  • 37. What type of coins did Pontius Pilate mint?
A) Denarius
B) Aureus
C) Perutah
D) Sestertius
  • 38. Which Spanish city has a first-century Roman tower called 'Torre del Pilatos'?
A) Huesca
B) Seville
C) Tarragona
D) Lyon
  • 39. Where did King Atus live according to the legend?
A) Mainz
B) Rome
C) Vienne
D) Jerusalem
  • 40. In what year was the Pilate Stone found by archaeologists?
A) 1984
B) 1955
C) 1970
D) 1961
  • 41. In what year was the inscription on a sealing ring attributed to Pontius Pilate uncovered?
A) 2021
B) 19th century
C) 2000
D) 2018
  • 42. Which village in Scotland claims to be Pilate's birthplace?
A) Bamberg
B) Tarragona
C) Vienne
D) Fortingall
  • 43. In which language is the Book of the Cock preserved?
A) Latin
B) Ge'ez (Ethiopic)
C) Hebrew
D) Greek
  • 44. Which play includes legendary scenes of Pilate's life before the passion?
A) Mystère de la Passion d'Angers by Jean Michel
B) Ludus de Passione from Klosterneuburg
C) Alsfelder Passionsspiel
D) Frankfurter Passionsspiel
  • 45. What stereotype was often given to Pilate in thirteenth-century depictions?
A) Greek philosopher traits
B) Angelic characteristics
C) Roman imperial attributes
D) Stereotyped Jewish features
  • 46. What action led to Pilate being sent as a hostage to Rome?
A) Refusing to obey orders
B) Attempting to escape
C) Killing another hostage
D) Stealing from the king
  • 47. What does Paul Maier note about the records of Pilate's suicide?
A) Pilate's suicide is well-documented in Roman archives.
B) No other surviving records corroborate Pilate's suicide.
C) Many records confirm Pilate's suicide.
D) All historians agree on the details of Pilate's death.
  • 48. How does Josephus view Pilate's governorship?
A) Mostly neutral
B) Hostile
C) Completely supportive
D) Very critical
  • 49. Why is there disagreement about the Pilate Stone's inscription?
A) The inscription is fragmentary.
B) Pilate's name is missing.
C) It was written in an unknown language.
D) It was damaged by natural causes.
  • 50. What was the general belief about the Ameria inscription at the turn of the 20th century?
A) It was lost and forgotten.
B) It was accepted as genuine.
C) It was believed to be an ancient myth.
D) It was considered a forgery.
  • 51. What did the earlier coins of Pontius Pilate read on the obverse?
A) ΗΡΩΔΗΣ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ
B) ΠΟΝΤΙΟΣ ΠΙΛΑΤΟΣ
C) ΤΙΒΕΡΙΟΥ ΚΑΙΣΑΡΟΣ
D) ΙΟΥΛΙΑ ΚΑΙΣΑΡΟΣ
  • 52. What is the earliest attestation of a positive tradition about Pilate?
A) Justin Martyr's writings
B) Apocryphal texts
C) Eusebius' Church History
D) Tertullian's writings
  • 53. Why is it unlikely that Pontius Pilate owned the copper-alloy sealing ring?
A) The inscription was in Latin.
B) It was dated to 2018.
C) The cheap material
D) It was discovered at Herodium.
  • 54. In which text does Pilate's suicide occur after exile by Emperor Nero?
A) The Vindicta Salvatoris
B) The Mors Pilati
C) The Cura sanitatis Tiberii
D) The Evangelium Gamalielis
  • 55. Where was the copper-alloy sealing ring with an inscription related to Pontius Pilate discovered?
A) Solomon's Pools
B) Herodium
C) Jerusalem
D) Rome
  • 56. Which ancient source is hostile towards Pontius Pilate?
A) Josephus
B) Philo
C) The Gospels
D) Tacitus
  • 57. What did Pilate grant Judas after he killed his own father?
A) A position in the court
B) An army to fight with
C) Ruben's property
D) Money and jewels
  • 58. In which country were passion plays used to satirize corrupt officials rather than stoke antisemitism?
A) Italy
B) France
C) Germany
D) England
  • 59. What is the earliest reference to Pilate's records of Jesus's trial?
A) Christian apologist Justin Martyr around 160
B) Eusebius' Church History
C) Tertullian in late first-, early second-century
D) Apocryphal texts
  • 60. What change occurred on the coins after Livia's death?
A) They began to feature Jewish symbols.
B) They only read ΤΙΒΕΡΙΟΥ ΚΑΙΣΑΡΟΣ.
C) They started including a portrait of Tiberius.
D) They were no longer minted in Jerusalem.
  • 61. Who rejected the theory that the coins' pagan symbols offended Jews?
A) Alexander Demandt
B) Henry MacAdam
C) Joan Taylor
D) Helen Bond
  • 62. Which emperor's persecution is associated with early apocryphal texts about Pilate?
A) Trajan
B) Maximinus II
C) Tiberius
D) Constantine
  • 63. In Anatole France's short story 'Le Procurateur de Judée,' where is Pontius Pilate banished?
A) Gaul
B) Egypt
C) Rome
D) Sicily
  • 64. What does the inscription on the sealing ring read in Greek?
A) ΣΙΚΑΡΙΟΙ (Sicarii)
B) ΠΙΛΑΤΟ(Υ) (Pilato(u))
C) ΤΕΡΩΝ (Tiberius)
D) ΜΑΞΙΜΙΝΟΣ (Maximinus)
  • 65. What is the name of the building mentioned in the inscription?
A) Aquila
B) Caesarea Palace
C) Temple of Augustus
D) Tiberieum
  • 66. What is the name of another aqueduct providing water to Solomon's Pools, dated to the mid-first century AD?
A) Arrub aqueduct
B) Solomon's Pools
C) Biar Aqueduct
D) Wadi el-Biyar Aqueduct
  • 67. In Chingiz Aitmatov's novel 'Plakha,' what philosophical perspective does Pilate hold?
A) Materialist pessimism, believing mankind will soon destroy itself
B) Indifference to the fate of humanity
C) Faith in divine intervention
D) Optimistic belief in human progress
  • 68. Where were Pilate's coins minted?
A) Alexandria
B) Antioch
C) Rome
D) Jerusalem
  • 69. Which medium became prominent for depicting large-scale church paintings of Pilate in Italy?
A) Manuscript illuminations
B) Ivory carvings
C) Woodcuts
D) Large-scale church paintings
  • 70. Which material became less common for Pilate's depictions starting from the eleventh century?
A) Ivory
B) Manuscripts
C) Frescoes
D) Metal
  • 71. What skill was King Atus known for?
A) Astrology
B) Architecture
C) Swordsmanship
D) Medicine
  • 72. What does Géza Alföldy suggest the Tiberieum might have been?
A) A temple dedicated to Tiberius
B) A lighthouse
C) A marketplace
D) A Roman bathhouse
  • 73. Who argued that nothing bad happened to Pilate because the Jews were responsible for Jesus' death?
A) Celsus
B) Tacitus
C) Origen
D) Eusebius
  • 74. Which text records the destruction of an aqueduct from Solomon's Pools by the Sicarii?
A) Talmud (Lamentations Rabbah 4.4)
B) Apocryphal texts
C) Church History
D) Inscription on a sealing ring
  • 75. What title is associated with Pontius Pilate in the Ameria inscription?
A) Praetorian Prefect
B) Governor of Judaea
C) Pontifex Maximus
D) Quattuorvir (IIIVIR)
  • 76. In which text is Pilate portrayed as a true believer in Christ who is martyred for his faith?
A) The Evangelium Gamalielis
B) The Cura sanitatis Tiberii
C) The Mors Pilati
D) The Vindicta Salvatoris
  • 77. Which group targeted the aqueduct from Solomon's Pools during the First Jewish-Roman War?
A) Roman soldiers
B) Zealots
C) Temple treasury
D) Sicarii
  • 78. Which scholar argues that Pilate was a reasonably competent administrator?
A) Henry MacAdam
B) M. P. Charlesworth
C) Paul Maier
D) E. Stauffer
  • 79. What is one reason scholars are skeptical of the theory connecting Pilate with Sejanus?
A) "Pilate's coins explicitly deny any connection"
B) "Sejanus never existed"
C) "It was proven false by archaeological findings"
D) "The evidence depends entirely on Philo"
  • 80. According to some versions, where was Pontius Pilate born?
A) Rome
B) Jerusalem
C) Bethlehem
D) Egypt
  • 81. Which aqueduct did A. Mazar tentatively identify as being attributed to Pontius Pilate?
A) Biar Aqueduct
B) Wadi el-Biyar Aqueduct
C) Solomon's Pools
D) Arrub aqueduct
  • 82. In which century did legends about Pilate begin in Western Europe?
A) Fifth century
B) Eleventh century
C) Seventh century
D) Ninth century
  • 83. Who tentatively identified the aqueduct attributed to Pontius Pilate in the mid-20th century?
A) Josephus
B) Talmud
C) Kenneth Lönnqvist
D) A. Mazar
  • 84. In which text does Pilate's wife and two children also get crucified?
A) The Cura sanitatis Tiberii
B) The Martyrium Pilati
C) The Vindicta Salvatoris
D) The Evangelium Gamalielis
  • 85. Which philosopher questioned why God did not punish Pontius Pilate if Jesus was divine?
A) Socrates
B) Plato
C) Celsus
D) Aristotle
  • 86. What pattern does the word 'Tiberieum' follow?
A) Naming religious sites after gods.
B) Naming buildings after Roman emperors.
C) Naming public baths after senators.
D) Naming military structures after victories.
  • 87. On what date is Pontius Pilate venerated as a saint by the Ethiopian Church?
A) 15 August
B) 19 June
C) 25 December
D) 25 June
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