- 1. Molecular biology is a branch of biology that focuses on the study of biological processes at the molecular level, particularly the interactions between various systems within a cell, including the interactions between DNA, RNA, and proteins. It involves the study of the structure and function of molecules essential to life, such as nucleic acids and proteins, and how they regulate various biological processes. Molecular biology plays a crucial role in understanding genetics, gene expression, cell signaling, and many other fundamental biological processes. Researchers in this field utilize a variety of techniques to investigate these molecular mechanisms, including genomics, proteomics, and bioinformatics, leading to significant advancements in our understanding of life at a molecular level.
Which of the following describes the structure of DNA?
A) Circular
B) Triple helix
C) Single strand
D) Double helix
- 2. What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?
A) Replicates DNA
B) Carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome
C) Stabilizes the genetic information
D) Translates proteins into genetic code
A) A three-nucleotide sequence in mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid
B) A protein subunit
C) A segment of DNA that regulates gene expression
D) An enzyme in the nucleus
- 4. What is the process by which a protein is made from mRNA called?
A) Mutation
B) Replication
C) Translation
D) Transcription
- 5. What is the function of tRNA in protein synthesis?
A) Transcribes DNA
B) Transfers amino acids to the ribosome
C) Stabilizes the genetic code
D) Connects mRNA and ribosomes
- 6. Which of the following organelles is responsible for cellular respiration?
A) Endoplasmic reticulum
B) Golgi apparatus
C) Nucleus
D) Mitochondria
A) Circular DNA molecule found in bacteria that can replicate independently
B) Segment of chromosomal DNA
C) Small RNA molecule involved in protein synthesis
D) Large protein structure in the cell membrane
- 8. Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during replication?
A) Ligase
B) Topoisomerase
C) DNA polymerase
D) Helicase
- 9. Which technique is used to determine the sequence of nucleotides in a DNA molecule?
A) Gel electrophoresis
B) DNA sequencing
C) PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)
D) Gene cloning
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