- 1. Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behavior. It encompasses a wide range of topics and approaches, including understanding how individuals think, feel, and act in various situations. Psychologists seek to explore and explain mental processes, emotions, motivation, and behavior patterns through research, observation, and experimentation. The field of psychology is diverse, with subfields such as clinical psychology, social psychology, cognitive psychology, and developmental psychology, each focusing on different aspects of human behavior and mental processes. Overall, psychology plays a crucial role in helping individuals understand themselves and others, as well as promoting mental health and well-being in society.
What is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes called?
A) Physics
B) Biology
C) Psychology
D) Chemistry
- 2. Who is considered the founder of psychoanalysis?
A) Sigmund Freud
B) Ivan Pavlov
C) B.F. Skinner
D) Jean Piaget
- 3. What is the process of receiving, processing, storing, and using information called?
A) Sensation
B) Cognition
C) Perception
D) Consciousness
- 4. Which perspective in psychology focuses on how our mental processes affect behavior?
A) Behavioral
B) Humanistic
C) Cognitive
D) Biological
- 5. What type of psychologist focuses on diagnosing and treating mental disorders?
A) Industrial-organizational psychologist
B) Neuroscientist
C) Clinical psychologist
D) Forensic psychologist
- 6. Which defense mechanism involves diverting unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable activities?
A) Projection
B) Repression
C) Regression
D) Sublimation
- 7. Who proposed the hierarchy of needs in motivation theory?
A) Abraham Maslow
B) Erik Erikson
C) John Watson
D) Carl Rogers
- 8. What is the term for the tendency to seek out information and perspectives that align with our existing beliefs?
A) Confirmation bias
B) Recency effect
C) Cognitive dissonance
D) Availability heuristic
- 9. What stage of Erikson's psychosocial development theory occurs during adolescence?
A) Initiative vs. Guilt
B) Trust vs. Mistrust
C) Autonomy vs. Shame
D) Identity vs. Role Confusion
- 10. Which neurotransmitter is associated with pleasure and reward?
A) Acetylcholine
B) Dopamine
C) Serotonin
D) Endorphins
- 11. What is the term for the ability to understand and share the feelings of another?
A) Empathy
B) Compassion
C) Altruism
D) Sympathy
- 12. Which research method involves detailed examination of one individual or group?
A) Case study
B) Correlational study
C) Survey
D) Experiment
- 13. Who developed the stages of cognitive development theory?
A) Erik Erikson
B) Lev Vygotsky
C) Jean Piaget
D) Lawrence Kohlberg
- 14. Which type of memory stores information about events and personal experiences?
A) Semantic memory
B) Short-term memory
C) Procedural memory
D) Episodic memory
- 15. In operant conditioning, what term describes the process of weakening a behavior by removing a desired stimulus?
A) Punishment
B) Positive reinforcement
C) Extinction
D) Negative reinforcement
- 16. Who conducted the famous 'Little Albert' experiment on classical conditioning?
A) Edward Thorndike
B) B.F. Skinner
C) Ivan Pavlov
D) John B. Watson
- 17. What is the term for sudden and often novel solutions to problems?
A) Algorithm
B) Trial and error
C) Heuristic
D) Insight
- 18. Which theorist is known for the concept of the social cognitive theory, which includes observational learning and self-efficacy?
A) Jean Piaget
B) Erik Erikson
C) B.F. Skinner
D) Albert Bandura
- 19. What is the process of making sense of the world through organizing and interpreting sensory information called?
A) Comprehension
B) Cognition
C) Consciousness
D) Perception
- 20. What is the term for the phenomenon where people do not help others in need when others are present?
A) Groupthink
B) Fundamental attribution error
C) Cognitive dissonance
D) Bystander effect
- 21. What is the term for the study of how physical events translate into psychological experiences?
A) Psychophysics
B) Ergonomics
C) Neuroscience
D) Epigenetics
- 22. What is the initial stage of cognitive development according to Jean Piaget?
A) Concrete operational
B) Sensorimotor
C) Formal operational
D) Preoperational
- 23. What is the term for the gap between what a learner knows and what they need to know?
A) Social loafing
B) Operant conditioning
C) Zone of proximal development
D) Cognitive dissonance
- 24. Which psychological perspective emphasizes free will and individual choice?
A) Behavioral
B) Cognitive
C) Humanistic
D) Biological
- 25. What is the term for a psychological disorder that involves sudden and severe episodes of fear?
A) Major depressive disorder
B) Specific phobia
C) Panic disorder
D) Hypochondriasis
- 26. Which psychological perspective emphasizes the influence of unconscious processes on behavior?
A) Behavioral
B) Humanistic
C) Psychodynamic
D) Cognitive
- 27. What part of the brain is responsible for regulating basic bodily functions like breathing and heartbeat?
A) Hippocampus
B) Brainstem
C) Thalamus
D) Cerebral cortex
- 28. What is the term for the process of learning through rewards and punishments?
A) Classical conditioning
B) Operant conditioning
C) Cognitive dissonance
D) Social learning
- 29. What is the term for a mental shortcut or rule of thumb used for decision-making?
A) Algorithm
B) Heuristic
C) Criterion
D) Prototype
- 30. Which area of the brain is primarily responsible for emotions and long-term memory?
A) Cerebellum
B) Hippocampus
C) Limbic system
D) Brain stem
- 31. Which of the following best describes the study of psychology?
A) Investigating plant species.
B) Studying rocks and minerals.
C) Understanding behavior and mental processes.
D) Analyzing historical events.
- 32. Which psychologist is known for his classical conditioning experiments with dogs?
A) Ivan Pavlov
B) Albert Bandura
C) Erik Erikson
D) Jean Piaget
- 33. Which area of psychology focuses on applying psychological principles to the workplace?
A) Cognitive
B) Clinical
C) Industrial-organizational
D) Developmental
- 34. A person with a fear of heights may be diagnosed with:
A) Claustrophobia
B) Acrophobia
C) Arachnophobia
D) Agoraphobia
- 35. Who developed the theory of moral development based on how individuals reason about what is right and wrong?
A) Erik Erikson
B) Jean Piaget
C) Abraham Maslow
D) Lawrence Kohlberg
- 36. Which research method involves studying individuals or groups over an extended period of time?
A) Correlational
B) Longitudinal
C) Experimental
D) Cross-sectional
- 37. Who proposed the concept of the collective unconscious?
A) Erik Erikson
B) Carl Jung
C) Carl Rogers
D) Karen Horney
- 38. Who is considered the father of modern psychology?
A) Ivan Pavlov
B) Sigmund Freud
C) Wilhelm Wundt
D) Carl Jung
- 39. What defense mechanism involves attributing one's own unacceptable thoughts or feelings to another person?
A) Projection
B) Sublimation
C) Rationalization
D) Displacement
- 40. What is the term for the loss of memory due to head trauma or brain damage?
A) Aphasia
B) Dementia
C) Schizophrenia
D) Amnesia
- 41. What is the term for an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and behaving?
A) Temperament
B) Personality
C) Identity
D) Emotion
- 42. Who proposed the social identity theory and the idea of in-groups and out-groups?
A) Carl Rogers
B) Irving Janis
C) Henri Tajfel
D) Stanley Milgram
- 43. What factor refers to the extent to which a test measures what it is supposed to measure?
A) Generalizability
B) Reliability
C) Validity
D) Standardization
- 44. What is the emotional bond between an infant and caregiver called?
A) Arousal
B) Attachment
C) Adaptation
D) Affiliation
- 45. Who proposed the theory of multiple intelligences?
A) Robert Sternberg
B) Charles Spearman
C) Alfred Binet
D) Howard Gardner
- 46. Which part of the brain is primarily associated with language processing?
A) Cerebellum
B) Broca's area
C) Thalamus
D) Hippocampus
- 47. What concept refers to the tendency to attribute others' behavior to internal factors while underestimating the influence of external factors?
A) Mere-exposure effect
B) Confirmation bias
C) Self-serving bias
D) Fundamental attribution error
- 48. Which part of the nervous system is responsible for fight or flight response?
A) Sympathetic
B) Somatic
C) Central
D) Parasympathetic
- 49. What is the term for the mental framework of beliefs and expectations that influence perception?
A) Schema
B) Heuristic
C) Prototype
D) Algorithm
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