- 1. Nisyros is a volcanic island in the Dodecanese chain of Greece. The island's most prominent geological feature is its caldera, which is a large depression formed by volcanic activity. What is the name of the most active crater within the Nisyros caldera?
A) Stefanos
B) Polybotis
C) Kastania
D) Loutra
- 2. The caldera of Nisyros is an impressive volcanic structure. Which of the following best describes the formation of a caldera?
A) Accumulation of lava flows
B) Collapse of a volcano after an eruption
C) Subsidence due to tectonic plate movement
D) Erosion by wind and water
- 3. The volcanic activity on Nisyros has shaped its landscape significantly. What type of volcanic activity is most characteristic of Nisyros?
A) Caldera flooding
B) Phreatic eruptions
C) Shield volcanism
D) Stratovolcano formation
- 4. The Stefanos crater is a popular tourist destination within the Nisyros caldera. What is a prominent visual characteristic of the Stefanos crater floor?
A) Sharp, jagged lava formations
B) A large, calm lake
C) Fumaroles and sulfurous deposits
D) Lush green vegetation
- 5. Nisyros is part of a larger volcanic arc. In which geological region is Nisyros located?
A) Hellenic Volcanic Arc
B) Mediterranean Volcanic Zone
C) Tyrrhenian Volcanic Province
D) Aegean Volcanic Belt
- 6. The geology of Nisyros offers insights into volcanic processes. What is the primary rock type found on Nisyros, indicative of its volcanic origin?
A) Sandstone
B) Basalt
C) Granite
D) Andesite
- 7. The heat from the volcanic activity in the caldera has led to geothermal phenomena. What are the hot springs near Nisyros known for?
A) Therapeutic properties
B) Cold mineral water
C) Boiling water geysers
D) Acidic mud pools
- 8. The Nisyros caldera is home to several craters. Besides Stefanos, which other crater is often mentioned in discussions about Nisyros's volcanic features?
A) Aethelred
B) Loutra
C) Volcano
D) Olympus
- 9. The volcanic activity on Nisyros has been ongoing for thousands of years. What is the estimated age of the last major eruption that formed the caldera?
A) Around 160,000 years ago
B) Around 1 million years ago
C) Around 10,000 years ago
D) Around 1,000 years ago
- 10. The gases emitted from the Stefanos crater are a direct result of the ongoing volcanic activity. What is the primary gas released from fumaroles in volcanic areas?
A) Oxygen
B) Carbon monoxide
C) Sulfur dioxide
D) Nitrogen
- 11. The landscape of Nisyros has been significantly shaped by volcanic processes. What geological term describes the process of volcanic material erupting from the Earth's crust?
A) Uplift
B) Subduction
C) Intrusion
D) Extrusion
- 12. The presence of the caldera has influenced the settlement patterns on Nisyros. Which village is located on the rim of the caldera?
A) Mandraki
B) Nisyros village
C) Palos
D) Emporios
- 13. The rocks on Nisyros are a testament to its volcanic past. What is the process by which molten rock cools and solidifies to form igneous rocks?
A) Crystallization
B) Erosion
C) Sedimentation
D) Metamorphism
- 14. The volcanic gases in the Stefanos crater can create a distinct smell. What is this smell commonly attributed to?
A) Chlorine
B) Methane
C) Ammonia
D) Sulfur
- 15. The caldera of Nisyros is a significant geological feature. What is the term for a large volcanic depression, typically circular or oval, formed by the collapse of a volcano's summit?
A) Caldera
B) Volcanic neck
C) Maar
D) Crater
- 16. The volcanic history of Nisyros is recorded in its rock layers. What are the layered deposits of ash and other volcanic debris called?
A) Lava
B) Tuff
C) Obsidian
D) Scoria
- 17. The island of Nisyros is known for its unique volcanic landscape. Which of the following is NOT a typical feature of a caldera like Nisyros?
A) Volcanic rock formations
B) Fumaroles
C) Extensive coral reefs
D) Hot springs
- 18. The Stefanos crater is an active hydrothermal area. What is the term for a vent in the Earth's surface that emits steam and volcanic gases?
A) Mud pot
B) Hot spring
C) Geyser
D) Fumarole
- 19. The volcanic activity on Nisyros is part of a broader geological context. Which tectonic plate is primarily associated with the volcanic activity in this region?
A) Eurasian Plate
B) Aegean Sea Plate
C) Anatolian Plate
D) African Plate
- 20. The Nisyros caldera is an important site for scientific research. What branch of science studies volcanoes and volcanic phenomena?
A) Geology
B) Seismology
C) Petrology
D) Volcanology
- 21. The volcanic nature of Nisyros has contributed to its unique soil composition. What type of soil is typically found in volcanic regions?
A) Clayey and waterlogged
B) Low in nutrients
C) Rich in minerals
D) Sandy and dry
- 22. The eruption that formed the Nisyros caldera was a massive event. What is the term for a very large volcanic eruption that results in the formation of a caldera?
A) Plinian eruption
B) Strombolian eruption
C) Vulcanian eruption
D) Hawaiian eruption
- 23. The ongoing geothermal activity on Nisyros suggests the presence of a magma chamber beneath the surface. What is magma?
A) Gases released from volcanic vents
B) Molten rock beneath the Earth's surface
C) Hot water circulating underground
D) Solid rock forming the Earth's crust
- 24. The Stefanos crater, with its fumaroles and mineral deposits, is a powerful reminder of the Earth's internal heat. What process drives the volcanic activity on Nisyros?
A) Movement of tectonic plates
B) Erosion by ocean currents
C) Impact of meteorites
D) Atmospheric pressure changes
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