2nd 9wks--Benchmark Assessment

1. Mid-ocean ridges are

A) located along the coast.
B) found only in the Pacific Ocean.
C) long deep-ocean trenches.
D) found in all of Earth's ocean's.

2. Most geologists think that the movement of Earth's plates is caused by

A) convection currents.
B) Earth's magnetic field.
C) conduction.
D) earthquakes.

3. A place where two plates slide past each other, moving in opposite directions, is known as a

A) convergent boundary.
B) transform boundary.
C) divergent boundary.
D) rift valley.

4. S waves are known as

A) Surface waves
B) primary waves
C) Q waves
D) secondary waves

5. What type of earthquake wave can travel through solids, liquids, and gases?

A) s waves
B) surface waves
C) rift valley.
D) p waves.

6. If geologists detect small earthquakes in an area near a volcano, what can they infer about the volcano?

A) It is dormant.
B) It is a good source of energy.
C) It is probably ready to erupt.
D) It is extinct.

7. What does a seismograph record?

A) The Mercalli scale rating.
B) The location of the epicenter.
C) The vibrations caused by seismic waves.
D) The location of the focus.

8. What is the correct order of the Earth's layers (starting at the surface)?

A) crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
B) crust, outer core, mantle, inner core
C) outer core, mantle, inner core , crust
D) mantle, core, crust, inner core

9. Before lava reaches the surface, the molten material is called

A) magma.
B) rock.
C) fire.
D) volcanic ash.

10. The place where two plates collide or compress together is known as a

A) convergent boundary.
B) transform boundary.
C) divergent boundary.
D) rift valley.

11. The process by which the ocean floor sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle is known as

A) conduction.
B) continental drift.
C) convention.
D) subduction.

12. During sea-floor spreading, molten material rises from the mantle and erupts

A) at the north and south poles.
B) along mid-ocean ridges.
C) along the edges of the coast.
D) along the edge of the continents.

13. The type of seismic waves that occur first are called

A) s waves.
B) q waves.
C) p waves.
D) surface waves.

14. A collision between two pieces of continental crust at a converging boundary forms

A) mountains.
B) rifts.
C) trenches.
D) valleys.

15. The geological theory that states that pieces of the Earth's lithosphere are in constant, slow motion is the theory of

A) subduction.
B) boundary.
C) plate tectonics.
D) sea-floor spreading

16. Geologists cannot yet predict earthquakes because

A) they have too much data.
B) there are too many faults to monitor.
C) they can't be sure of when or where the stress will be released along the fault.
D) they don't know what an earthquake is.

17. What is Pangaea?

A) the name of an ancient fossil.
B) the name of the supercontinent that is believed to have existed millions of years ago.
C) name of a continent.
D) the name of a scientist.

18. Earth's INNER core is

A) empty.
B) a layer of cooled rock.
C) layer of hot magma.
D) a dense ball of iron and nickel.

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Earth's layers and rock cycle

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