Insurrectionary anarchism - Quiz
Insurrectionary anarchism
  • 1. What is insurrectionary anarchism?
A) A revolutionary theory and tendency emphasizing insurrection as a revolutionary practice
B) A political party that participates in parliamentary elections
C) A branch of state-sponsored socialism focused on nationalizing industries
D) A peaceful philosophical society that avoids all political action
  • 2. How do insurrectionary anarchists view formal organizations like labor unions and federations?
A) They are critical of them because they are based on political programs and periodic congresses
B) They consider them the ultimate model for a future society
C) They believe every anarchist should lead them
D) They fund and actively manage them
  • 3. What type of organization do insurrectionary anarchists advocate instead of formal structures?
A) Informal and small affinity group-based organization
B) Hierarchical military-style command chains
C) Large bureaucratic trade unions
D) Global parliamentary federations
  • 4. What core concepts do insurrectionary anarchists put value in?
A) Collective bargaining, arbitration, and legal strikes
B) Diplomacy, electoral politics, and peaceful legislative reforms
C) Compromise, patience, and collaboration with state authorities
D) Attack, permanent class conflict, and a refusal to negotiate or compromise with class enemies
  • 5. With which movement is insurrectionary anarchism historically closely associated?
A) The Russian Bolshevik party
B) The Italian anarchist movement
C) The British Fabian society
D) The American Federalist movement
  • 6. Which groups are mentioned as having conducted bombing campaigns linked to insurrectionary anarchism?
A) The Carbonari and the Young Italy movement
B) The Galleanisti and Informal Anarchist Federation (FAI)
C) The Industrial Workers of the World and the Knights of Labor
D) The Red Army Faction and Weather Underground
  • 7. Who wrote the 1845 book The Ego and Its Own, which served as an early inspiration?
A) Max Stirner
B) Luigi Galleani
C) Marcus Graham
D) Errico Malatesta
  • 8. How did Max Stirner distinguish between 'revolution' and 'insurrection'?
A) Revolution is violent, while insurrection is entirely peaceful and legal
B) Revolution aims for a new arrangement of society by a state, while insurrection aims to reject such arrangements and achieve free self-organisation
C) Revolution is carried out by individuals, while insurrection is organized by governments
D) Revolution focuses on technology, while insurrection focuses on labor unions
  • 9. During the 1870s, what did Italian anarchists initially mean by 'propaganda of the deed'?
A) Small direct actions that would inspire others to carry out acts of insurrection
B) Raising funds to build charitable hospitals and schools
C) Writing detailed theoretical books about economics
D) Running for public office to change laws from within
  • 10. What did insurrectionists view every riot or rebellion as?
A) A dangerous distraction from proper trade union work
B) A purely cultural event without political meaning
C) An inevitable failure caused by poor police planning
D) A kind of 'revolutionary gymnastics' leading to a generalised social revolution
  • 11. Which French President was assassinated by Italian individualist anarchists during the 1890s?
A) Sadi Carnot
B) Armand Fallières
C) Raymond Poincaré
D) Emile Loubet
  • 12. Which Spanish Prime Minister was assassinated during the 1890s by Italian individualist anarchists?
A) Antonio Cánovas del Castillo
B) Eduardo Dato
C) Práxedes Mateo Sagasta
D) José Canalejas
  • 13. Which Austrian Empress was killed as part of the assassinations carried out by Italian individualist anarchists in the 1890s?
A) Elisabeth Wittelsbach
B) Maria Theresa
C) Archduchess Sophie
D) Empress Sisi of Hungary
  • 14. Which Italian King was assassinated during the 1890s wave of individualist anarchist attacks?
A) Umberto Savoy
B) Victor Emmanuel II
C) Victor Emmanuel III
D) Carlo Alberto
  • 15. How did the question of organisation divide the Italian anarchist movement?
A) Between those wanting a monarchy and those wanting a republic
B) Between religious radicals and secular humanists
C) Between rural farmers and urban factory owners
D) Between syndicalists advocating labour organisation and insurrectionists emphasizing violent and illegal direct action
  • 16. What specific criticism did insurrectionary anarchists direct at the movement's reformist and activist tendencies?
A) They were too violent and reckless
B) They failed to take 'immediate action'
C) They refused to cooperate with capitalist corporations
D) They spent too much time reading Max Stirner
  • 17. Which pro-organisationalists considered the insurrectionists to really constitute a tendency of individualist anarchism?
A) Francesco Saverio Merlino and Errico Malatesta
B) Luigi Galleani and Marcus Graham
C) Max Stirner and Sadi Carnot
D) Sacco and Vanzetti
  • 18. Why did pro-organisationalists view insurrectionists as a form of individualist anarchism?
A) Because they rejected all forms of reading and writing
B) Because they worked closely with individual factory owners
C) Because they wanted to establish private property rights
D) Due to their belief in individual sovereignty and natural law
  • 19. Who promoted insurrectionary anarchism in the United States through the newspaper Cronaca Sovversiva?
A) Luigi Galleani
B) Francesco Saverio Merlino
C) Marcus Graham
D) Errico Malatesta
  • 20. Why did Luigi Galleani oppose anarchist participation in the labour movement?
A) He believed workers were already too wealthy to care about revolution
B) He wanted workers to focus exclusively on agricultural production
C) He was paid by factory owners to break up strikes
D) He felt it displayed reformist tendencies and a receptiveness to corruption
  • 21. With which union did Galleani enter into a fierce polemic during the 1912 Lawrence textile strike?
A) The American Federation of Labor (AFL)
B) The Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO)
C) The Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)
D) The Knights of Labor
  • 22. How did outside observers generally view the different anarchist factions during the conflicts surrounding strikes?
A) As loyal supporters of the American government
B) As a legitimate branch of the local police force
C) As part of the same 'amorphous inscrutable threat'
D) As peaceful legal reformers seeking better wages
  • 23. What triggered the Galleanists to initiate a violent campaign against the American government?
A) The closing of public libraries in New York
B) Political repression following American entry into WWI and the killing of Italian anarchists by police
C) The election of a new conservative president
D) The passing of a new tax law on small businesses
  • 24. What specific event preceded the Galleanists' reprisal attack that caused a wave of arrests?
A) Several Italian immigrants were denied entry at Ellis Island
B) A peaceful labor protest was broken up by National Guard troops
C) An anarchist newspaper office was burned down by unknown vigilantes
D) Some Italian anarchists were killed by police for tearing down an American flag
  • 25. What type of bombs did the Galleanists send to industrialists, politicians, and lawyers?
A) Dynamite packages left on doorsteps
B) Letter bombs
C) Timed explosive devices hidden in books
D) Car bombs
  • 26. What was the result of the Galleanists' letter-bomb campaign targeting industrialists, politicians, and lawyers?
A) None hit their targets, injuring a housekeeper and accidentally killing an insurrectionist conspirator
B) They killed multiple high-ranking politicians and industrialists
C) They successfully destroyed several major government buildings
D) They were intercepted before leaving the post office without incident
  • 27. What event did the Galleanist bombings serve as justification for?
A) The creation of the Federal Bureau of Investigation
B) The entry of the United States into World War II
C) The passage of the Prohibition amendment
D) The repression of the 1919 strike wave
  • 28. On what charges were the Italian anarchists Sacco and Vanzetti arrested?
A) Counterfeiting currency
B) Arson and tax evasion
C) Armed robbery
D) Treason and espionage
  • 29. How did the Galleanists respond to the arrest of Sacco and Vanzetti?
A) By carrying out the Wall Street bombing, which killed 38 people
B) By raising money to hire the best corporate defense lawyers
C) By launching a peaceful petition drive signed by millions
D) By negotiating a pardon with the governor of Massachusetts
  • 30. What publication did the Galleanists begin in 1922 to encourage breaking Sacco and Vanzetti out of prison?
A) L'Adunata dei refrattari
B) L'Emancipazione
C) Cronaca Sovversiva
D) Man!
  • 31. What did L'Adunata dei refrattari encourage its readers to do regarding Sacco and Vanzetti?
A) Raise funds to pay off the judges overseeing the trial
B) Break the pair out of prison and carry out retributive violence against responsible state officials
C) Organize a nationwide general strike in the manufacturing sector
D) Write letters of appeal to international human rights courts
  • 32. How did political repression primarily affect the insurrectionary anarchist movement?
A) It caused them to abandon anarchist theory entirely and embrace capitalism
B) It forced them to merge with mainstream political parties
C) It led them to form a legal lobbying group in Washington
D) It drove the movement underground to operate on a conspiratorial basis
  • 33. Where did Marcus Graham move during the late 1920s to become involved with insurrectionary anarchists?
A) New York City
B) Boston
C) Chicago
D) San Francisco
  • 34. Around which newspaper did Marcus Graham become involved in San Francisco?
A) L'Adunata dei refrattari
B) Cronaca Sovversiva
C) Fifth Estate
D) L'Emancipazione
  • 35. Why did the newspaper L'Emancipazione shift to publications in the English language during the late 1920s?
A) Because Marcus Graham did not know how to read Italian
B) Because the Great Depression limited their capacity
C) Because Italian immigrants had all returned to Europe
D) Because the government banned the use of foreign languages
  • 36. In January 1933, what newspaper was established to revive the Galleanism of the previous decade?
A) L'Adunata dei refrattari
B) L'Emancipazione
C) Cronaca Sovversiva
D) Man!
  • 37. According to Marcus Graham and his collaborators in Man!, how was the social revolution to be built?
A) By building massive industrial trade unions that could seize factories
B) On individuals achieving enlightenment that would break them from law, custom, and sham creeds
C) Through the creation of state-run cooperative enterprises
D) Through winning a majority in parliamentary elections
  • 38. How did the newspaper Man! view syndicalism and the labour movement?
A) As an outdated concept that needed to be modernized with new technology
B) As a useful partner for achieving state-sponsored welfare reform
C) As inherently authoritarian, frequently criticising union officials for corruption
D) As the primary engine of human liberation and equality
  • 39. What early precursor to anarcho-primitivism was formulated by Marcus Graham in Man!?
A) A demand for the return of feudal land ownership structures
B) An argument in favor of industrial automation and factory work
C) A proposal to replace currency with digital cryptocurrencies
D) A criticism of technology and a call for the destruction of civilisation
  • 40. Which two periodicals acted as the main expressions of insurrectionary anarchism throughout the 1930s?
A) L'Emancipazione and Fifth Estate
B) Fifth Estate and Cronaca Sovversiva
C) Cronaca Sovversiva and L'Emancipazione
D) Man! and L'Adunata dei refrattari
  • 41. What happened to the newspaper Man! in 1939?
A) It voluntarily shut down after achieving all of its revolutionary goals
B) It ceased publication following Marcus Graham's arrest due to increasing police repression
C) It was bought out by a wealthy industrialist and turned into a commercial magazine
D) It merged with a major labor union publication to increase its readership
  • 42. By the 1940s, what was the status of the insurrectionary anarchist movement?
A) It had grown into the dominant political force in North America
B) It had completely vanished with no surviving groups anywhere
C) It was only a marginal force concentrated around L'Adunata dei refrattari in New York
D) It had transformed into a peaceful educational foundation
  • 43. Which publication finally succeeded L'Adunata dei refrattari in the early 1970s?
A) Man!
B) Cronaca Sovversiva
C) Fifth Estate
D) L'Emancipazione
  • 44. What type of publication was Fifth Estate, which succeeded L'Adunata dei refrattari?
A) An anti-authoritarian publication
B) A government-backed agricultural journal
C) A religious missionary bulletin
D) A mainstream capitalist daily newspaper
  • 45. What did insurrectionary anarchists refuse to do with 'class enemies'?
A) Read their books or newspapers
B) Share meals or living spaces
C) Negotiate or compromise
D) Engage in polite conversation
  • 46. What form of action did insurrectionary anarchists emphasize in contrast to reformism?
A) Writing petitions to the monarch or president
B) Peaceful lobbying and voting in general elections
C) Founding cooperative grocery stores and credit unions
D) Violent and illegal forms of self-organised direct action
  • 47. Who was Francesco Saverio Merlino in relation to the insurrectionary movement?
A) An industrialist who received letter bombs from the Galleanists
B) The founder of the newspaper Man! in San Francisco
C) A pro-organisationalist who considered insurrectionists to be a tendency of individualist anarchism
D) A famous Italian king assassinated by insurrectionists in the 1890s
  • 48. What year was Max Stirner's book The Ego and Its Own published?
A) 1890
B) 1912
C) 1870
D) 1845
  • 49. What specific activity did Luigi Galleani's newspaper Cronaca Sovversiva promote?
A) Marxist-Leninist state socialism
B) Insurrectionary anarchism
C) Social democratic welfare policies
D) American constitutional federalism
  • 50. What network carried out propaganda of the deed throughout North America following Galleani's teachings?
A) An open political party running candidates for local government
B) A network of Galleanist cells usually consisting of close-knit individuals
C) A charitable organization funded by wealthy philanthropists
D) A massive bureaucratic trade union with thousands of dues-paying members
  • 51. Who published the book Armed Joy in 1977?
A) Wolfi Landstreicher
B) Romano Prodi
C) Costantino Cavalleri
D) Alfredo Bonanno
  • 52. What did the book Armed Joy espouse a critique of?
A) Technology
B) Capitalism
C) Work
D) Globalisation
  • 53. What was the status of Bonanno's proposed Anti-Authoritarian Insurrectionist International?
A) Highly successful
B) Globally recognized
C) Stillborn
D) Temporarily active
  • 54. When did the attacks by insurrectionary anarchists escalate into bombings and assaults?
A) Late 1990s
B) Late 2000s
C) Early 1970s
D) Early 1980s
  • 55. When did four insurrectionist groups merge into the Informal Anarchist Federation (FAI)?
A) December 1977
B) December 2012
C) December 2003
D) December 1990
  • 56. Who was the European President targeted by FAI letter bombs upon their formation?
A) Romano Prodi
B) Alfredo Bonanno
C) Alfredo Cospito
D) Wolfi Landstreicher
  • 57. What company's executive was kneecapped by a cell of the FAI in 2012?
A) Telecom Italia
B) Fiat
C) Enel
D) Ansaldo Nucleare
  • 58. Which arrested attacker was among those caught in the wave of arrests following the 2012 kneecapping?
A) Costantino Cavalleri
B) Alfredo Cospito
C) Wolfi Landstreicher
D) Romano Prodi
  • 59. What state did the FAI briefly enter following the wave of arrests in 2012?
A) Operational stasis
B) International merger
C) Total dissolution
D) Absolute surrender
  • 60. How many violent attacks did the FAI claim over a decade of active operations?
A) 10
B) 100
C) 50
D) 20
  • 61. How many deaths were caused by the FAI over their decade of active operations?
A) Two
B) Zero
C) Fifty
D) Ten
  • 62. According to the Italian government, who are insurrectionary anarchists considered second only to in dangerousness?
A) Right-wing extremists
B) Drug cartels
C) Islamic terrorists
D) Red Brigades
  • 63. What did the FAI and the Conspiracy of Cells of Fire launch together?
A) Black International
B) Red International
C) Global Anarchist Front
D) Anti-Authoritarian Insurrectionist International
  • 64. Which nationalist took up parts of Bonanno's insurrectionary programme?
A) Alfredo Cospito
B) Costantino Cavalleri
C) Romano Prodi
D) Wolfi Landstreicher
  • 65. What is Costantino Cavalleri's nationality or regional affiliation?
A) Italian
B) American
C) Greek
D) Sardinian
  • 66. Which American individualist took up parts of Bonanno's insurrectionary programme?
A) Alfredo Bonanno
B) Costantino Cavalleri
C) Romano Prodi
D) Wolfi Landstreicher
  • 67. What did insurrectionary anarchists ultimately fail to develop for the Occupy movement?
A) A legal defense fund
B) A long-term strategy
C) A financial backing system
D) A media relations team
  • 68. Which principle is generally upheld by insurrectionary anarchism?
A) Anti-authoritarianism
B) State centralism
C) Pro-nationalism
D) Representative democracy
  • 69. Which economic system does insurrectionary anarchism oppose?
A) Capitalism
B) Mutual aid
C) Worker cooperatives
D) Gift economies
  • 70. What religious or clerical stance does insurrectionary anarchism hold?
A) Theocratic alignment
B) State religion support
C) Pro-clericalism
D) Anti-clericalism
  • 71. Which form of imperialism is rejected by insurrectionary anarchism?
A) Only cultural imperialism
B) All imperialism
C) Foreign military alliances
D) Only economic imperialism
  • 72. What is the stance of insurrectionary anarchism regarding militarism?
A) Advocacy for standing armies
B) Anti-militarism
C) National defense funding
D) Support for conscription
  • 73. With which environmental movement has insurrectionary anarchism historically combined?
A) Eco-taxation
B) Green capitalism
C) Conservation reform
D) Radical environmentalism
  • 74. Which struggle has been historically combined with insurrectionary anarchism?
A) Colonial expansion
B) National liberation struggles
C) State consolidation
D) Imperial conquest
  • 75. How many basic types of direct action do insurrectionary anarchists generally undertake?
A) Three
B) Two
C) Five
D) Four
  • 76. What do insurrectionary anarchists consider participating in action to be a source of?
A) Boredom
B) Regret
C) Joy
D) Sorrow
  • 77. What decision-making process do insurrectionist groups utilise?
A) Majority voting
B) Parliamentary procedure
C) Executive decree
D) Consensus decision-making
  • 78. To what model has the insurrectionist organisational model been compared?
A) Democratic centralism
B) Vanguard partyism
C) Leaderless resistance
D) Representative syndicalism
  • 79. What degree of pluralism does the leaderless resistance model foster?
A) Economic nationalism
B) Ideological pluralism
C) Political conformity
D) Religious fundamentalism
  • 80. What is hampered by the compartmentalised structure of informal organisations?
A) Information sharing
B) Emotional release
C) Personal joy
D) Property destruction
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