GENED8
  • 1. According to Bentham, the ultimate standard for determining the morality of an action is:
A) The will of God
B) The conformity to duty
C) The amount of happiness or pleasure produced
D) The individual's intentions
  • 2. Which of the following best captures Bentham's view of pleasure?
A) All pleasures are equal in kind and can be measured in terms of quantity.
B) Only pleasures that come from moral actions are good.
C) Pleasures are valuable only if they align with social customs.
D) Pleasures of the mind are superior to pleasures of the body.
  • 3. In Bentham's utilitarianism, pain is considered:
A) A necessary part of human dignity
B) A moral evil to be avoided at all costs
C) A neutral element without moral significance
D) An opposite measure to pleasure in calculating utility
  • 4. A government considers whether to fund free healthcare or a luxury sports complex. Using Bentham's principle, which option is more likely to maximize utility?
A) Both are equal, because pleasure is subjective
B) Sports complex, because it will generate higher profits
C) Free healthcare, because it relieves suffering for many people
D) Neither, because morality is independent of pleasure
  • 5. Which of the following BEST illustrates the use of the felicific calculus?
A) A policymaker evaluates intensity, duration, certainty, and extent of happiness before passing a law.
B) A judge decides a case based on past rulings and precedents.
C) A teacher rewards students for good behavior to instill discipline.
D) A student chooses to study because it is their moral duty, regardless of results.
  • 6. If an action brings intense pleasure to a few people but minor pain to a large number of others, Bentham's utilitarianism would likely:
A) Approve the action since intensity matters most.
B) Reject the action because pain cannot be compared with pleasure.
C) Reject the action because total pain outweighs total pleasure.
D) Approve the action if it was done with good intentions.
  • 7. Which element of the felicific calculus measures how likely it is that pleasure will occur?
A) Purity
B) Intensity
C) Certainty
D) Propinquity
  • 8. Which situation BEST demonstrates the factor of extent in the felicific calculus?
A) A city planning a vaccination drive to protect thousands of residents.
B) A student deciding whether to cheat because it gives quick results.
C) A person choosing between eating cake now or exercising later.
D) A company reducing prices to compete with rivals.
  • 9. Suppose a law reduces crime but limits individual freedom. According to Bentham, its morality depends on:
A) The intention of lawmakers
B) Whether it produces more overall pleasure than pain
C) The fairness of the restriction
D) Whether people approve of it
  • 10. A student is deciding whether to spend time volunteering or watching movies. Using Bentham's calculus, the student would weigh factors such as:
A) Intensity, duration, certainty, purity, extent, fecundity, propinquity
B) Wealth, convenience, freedom, equality
C) Duty, virtue, character, fairness, justice
D) Culture, tradition, obedience, respect
  • 11. What is the best definition of "Natural Law*?
A) A moral law discovered by human reason and based on human nature
B) Traditions followed by society
C) Rules created by religion
D) Laws passed by the government
  • 12. Which of the following is a key characteristic of Natural Law?
A) It is only for religious people
B) It changes with time and culture
C) It depends on personal beliefs
D) It is universal and unchanging
  • 13. According to Natural Law, what guides human beings to know right from wrong?
A) Reason
B) Instinct
C) Emotion
D) Government authority
  • 14. Why is Natural Law important in ethics?
A) It promotes individual freedom above all
B) lt provides a universal standard for moral behavior
C) It rejects the idea of morality
D) It focuses only on legal obedience
  • 15. Which philosopher taught that the goal of life is "eudaimonia" or living a good life through virtue?
A) Aristotle
B) Plato
C) Cicero
D) Socrates
  • 16. Who described true law as "right reason in agreement with nature"?
A) Aquinas
B) Augustine
C) Cicero
D) Kant
  • 17. St. Thomas Aquinas believed that Natural Law is part of which greater law?
A) Political law
B) Human law
C) Eternal law
D) Civil law
  • 18. Which of the following best describes "Eternal Law"?
A) The rules written in the Bible
B) Laws made by the state
C) Cultural customs
D) God's plan that governs all creation
  • 19. Which of these is an example of "Human Law"?
A) Constitution of a country
B) Moral conscience
C) Ten Commandments
D) Law of gravity
  • 20. Aquinas said that unjust laws are_____________?
A) Still valid and must be obeyed
B) Laws that contradict reason and moral truth
C) More powerful than divine law
D) Based on emotion and culture
  • 21. How does Natural Law influence modern human rights?
A) It focuses only on government control
B) It rejects moral obligations
C) It teaches that rights come from human dignity and reason
D) It encourages moral relativism
  • 22. Which modern issue best shows the continuing relevance of Natural Law?
A) Online respect for others' dignity
B) Sports competitions
C) Weather forecasting
D) Fashion trends
  • 23. Which document reflects Natural Law principles in modern times?
A) The Bible
B) Universal Declaration of Human Rights
C) Local traffic ordinance
D) National Tax Code
  • 24. According to Natural Law, why is lying considered wrong?
A) It is punishable by law
B) It is a religious offense
C) It breaks human communication and truth, which reason values
D) It is unpopular
  • 25. Which of the following is a criticism of Natural Law?
A) It is too rigid and assumes one universal moral code
B) It supports cultural diversity
C) It denies the importance of ethics
D) It ignores human reason
  • 26. Which statement best reflects Aquinas view of a "just law"?
A) It must be approved by everyone
B) It must favor the powerful
C) It must be easy to follow
D) It must serve the common good
  • 27. What is one strength of Natural Law theory?
A) It changes according to culture
B) It rejects logic and reason
C) It bases morality on universal human reason.
D) It encourages selfishness
  • 28. Which current issue can be analyzed through Natural law principles?
A) Fashion trends
B) Climate change and environmental protection
C) Sports results
D) Movie preferences
  • 29. When a law discriminates against the poor, Natural Law would say it is:
A) Unjust because it violates equality and reason
B) Acceptable if it helps the rich
C) Just and should be obeyed
D) Neutral
  • 30. How does technology challenge Natural Law today?
A) It forces people to apply reason to new ethical dilemmas
B) It removes the need for morality
C) It erases human dignity
D) It replaces human laws
  • 31. What is the 2 main thinkers of natural law?
A) Augustine/Kant
B) Socrates/Aristotle
C) Kant/Cicero
D) Aristotle/Cicero
  • 32. Who systemize natural law?
A) Socrates
B) Aristotle
C) St. Thomas Aquinas
D) Cicero
  • 33. Not all but one is the characteristics of natural law?
A) Moral law
B) Human law
C) Unchanging/immutable inherent
D) Natural law
  • 34. All but one is not are the law created by St. Thomas Aquinas?
A) Moral law
B) Eternal law
C) Divine law
D) Natural law
  • 35. Which element of the felicific calculus measures how strong is the pleasure or pain?
A) Duration
B) Fecundity
C) Intensity
D) Propinquity
  • 36. Which element of the felicific calculus measures how long will it last?
A) Certainly
B) Duration
C) Purity
D) Extent
  • 37. Which element of the felicific calculus measures how soon will it occur?
A) Propinquity
B) Purity
C) Intensity
D) Fecundity
  • 38. Which element of the felicific calculus measures Will it lead to more of the same pleasure?
A) Fecundity
B) Certainly
C) Purity
D) Duration
  • 39. Which element of the felicific calculus measures Will it be free from pain?
A) Duration
B) Intensity
C) Propinquity
D) Purity
  • 40. Which element of the felicific calculus measures how many people will be affected?
A) Duration
B) Intensity
C) Extent
D) Certainly
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