GENED8
  • 1. According to Bentham, the ultimate standard for determining the morality of an action is:
A) The individual's intentions
B) The conformity to duty
C) The amount of happiness or pleasure produced
D) The will of God
  • 2. Which of the following best captures Bentham's view of pleasure?
A) All pleasures are equal in kind and can be measured in terms of quantity.
B) Only pleasures that come from moral actions are good.
C) Pleasures are valuable only if they align with social customs.
D) Pleasures of the mind are superior to pleasures of the body.
  • 3. In Bentham's utilitarianism, pain is considered:
A) An opposite measure to pleasure in calculating utility
B) A necessary part of human dignity
C) A neutral element without moral significance
D) A moral evil to be avoided at all costs
  • 4. A government considers whether to fund free healthcare or a luxury sports complex. Using Bentham's principle, which option is more likely to maximize utility?
A) Both are equal, because pleasure is subjective
B) Neither, because morality is independent of pleasure
C) Sports complex, because it will generate higher profits
D) Free healthcare, because it relieves suffering for many people
  • 5. Which of the following BEST illustrates the use of the felicific calculus?
A) A policymaker evaluates intensity, duration, certainty, and extent of happiness before passing a law.
B) A teacher rewards students for good behavior to instill discipline.
C) A student chooses to study because it is their moral duty, regardless of results.
D) A judge decides a case based on past rulings and precedents.
  • 6. If an action brings intense pleasure to a few people but minor pain to a large number of others, Bentham's utilitarianism would likely:
A) Approve the action since intensity matters most.
B) Reject the action because pain cannot be compared with pleasure.
C) Approve the action if it was done with good intentions.
D) Reject the action because total pain outweighs total pleasure.
  • 7. Which element of the felicific calculus measures how likely it is that pleasure will occur?
A) Certainty
B) Propinquity
C) Intensity
D) Purity
  • 8. Which situation BEST demonstrates the factor of extent in the felicific calculus?
A) A person choosing between eating cake now or exercising later.
B) A student deciding whether to cheat because it gives quick results.
C) A company reducing prices to compete with rivals.
D) A city planning a vaccination drive to protect thousands of residents.
  • 9. Suppose a law reduces crime but limits individual freedom. According to Bentham, its morality depends on:
A) The intention of lawmakers
B) The fairness of the restriction
C) Whether people approve of it
D) Whether it produces more overall pleasure than pain
  • 10. A student is deciding whether to spend time volunteering or watching movies. Using Bentham's calculus, the student would weigh factors such as:
A) Culture, tradition, obedience, respect
B) Duty, virtue, character, fairness, justice
C) Intensity, duration, certainty, purity, extent, fecundity, propinquity
D) Wealth, convenience, freedom, equality
  • 11. What is the best definition of "Natural Law*?
A) A moral law discovered by human reason and based on human nature
B) Traditions followed by society
C) Laws passed by the government
D) Rules created by religion
  • 12. Which of the following is a key characteristic of Natural Law?
A) It is universal and unchanging
B) It is only for religious people
C) It changes with time and culture
D) It depends on personal beliefs
  • 13. According to Natural Law, what guides human beings to know right from wrong?
A) Emotion
B) Instinct
C) Reason
D) Government authority
  • 14. Why is Natural Law important in ethics?
A) lt provides a universal standard for moral behavior
B) It focuses only on legal obedience
C) It promotes individual freedom above all
D) It rejects the idea of morality
  • 15. Which philosopher taught that the goal of life is "eudaimonia" or living a good life through virtue?
A) Cicero
B) Aristotle
C) Socrates
D) Plato
  • 16. Who described true law as "right reason in agreement with nature"?
A) Augustine
B) Aquinas
C) Kant
D) Cicero
  • 17. St. Thomas Aquinas believed that Natural Law is part of which greater law?
A) Political law
B) Eternal law
C) Civil law
D) Human law
  • 18. Which of the following best describes "Eternal Law"?
A) God's plan that governs all creation
B) The rules written in the Bible
C) Cultural customs
D) Laws made by the state
  • 19. Which of these is an example of "Human Law"?
A) Law of gravity
B) Moral conscience
C) Ten Commandments
D) Constitution of a country
  • 20. Aquinas said that unjust laws are_____________?
A) Still valid and must be obeyed
B) Laws that contradict reason and moral truth
C) More powerful than divine law
D) Based on emotion and culture
  • 21. How does Natural Law influence modern human rights?
A) It encourages moral relativism
B) It focuses only on government control
C) It teaches that rights come from human dignity and reason
D) It rejects moral obligations
  • 22. Which modern issue best shows the continuing relevance of Natural Law?
A) Fashion trends
B) Online respect for others' dignity
C) Sports competitions
D) Weather forecasting
  • 23. Which document reflects Natural Law principles in modern times?
A) The Bible
B) Universal Declaration of Human Rights
C) Local traffic ordinance
D) National Tax Code
  • 24. According to Natural Law, why is lying considered wrong?
A) It is unpopular
B) It is a religious offense
C) It is punishable by law
D) It breaks human communication and truth, which reason values
  • 25. Which of the following is a criticism of Natural Law?
A) It ignores human reason
B) It is too rigid and assumes one universal moral code
C) It denies the importance of ethics
D) It supports cultural diversity
  • 26. Which statement best reflects Aquinas view of a "just law"?
A) It must be easy to follow
B) It must be approved by everyone
C) It must serve the common good
D) It must favor the powerful
  • 27. What is one strength of Natural Law theory?
A) It encourages selfishness
B) It rejects logic and reason
C) It bases morality on universal human reason.
D) It changes according to culture
  • 28. Which current issue can be analyzed through Natural law principles?
A) Climate change and environmental protection
B) Fashion trends
C) Movie preferences
D) Sports results
  • 29. When a law discriminates against the poor, Natural Law would say it is:
A) Neutral
B) Just and should be obeyed
C) Unjust because it violates equality and reason
D) Acceptable if it helps the rich
  • 30. How does technology challenge Natural Law today?
A) It removes the need for morality
B) It replaces human laws
C) It forces people to apply reason to new ethical dilemmas
D) It erases human dignity
  • 31. What is the 2 main thinkers of natural law?
A) Socrates/Aristotle
B) Kant/Cicero
C) Augustine/Kant
D) Aristotle/Cicero
  • 32. Who systemize natural law?
A) Cicero
B) Socrates
C) St. Thomas Aquinas
D) Aristotle
  • 33. Not all but one is the characteristics of natural law?
A) Human law
B) Natural law
C) Unchanging/immutable inherent
D) Moral law
  • 34. All but one is not are the law created by St. Thomas Aquinas?
A) Natural law
B) Divine law
C) Eternal law
D) Moral law
  • 35. Which element of the felicific calculus measures how strong is the pleasure or pain?
A) Fecundity
B) Intensity
C) Propinquity
D) Duration
  • 36. Which element of the felicific calculus measures how long will it last?
A) Certainly
B) Purity
C) Duration
D) Extent
  • 37. Which element of the felicific calculus measures how soon will it occur?
A) Propinquity
B) Fecundity
C) Intensity
D) Purity
  • 38. Which element of the felicific calculus measures Will it lead to more of the same pleasure?
A) Fecundity
B) Certainly
C) Purity
D) Duration
  • 39. Which element of the felicific calculus measures Will it be free from pain?
A) Propinquity
B) Purity
C) Intensity
D) Duration
  • 40. Which element of the felicific calculus measures how many people will be affected?
A) Extent
B) Duration
C) Intensity
D) Certainly
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