GENED8
  • 1. According to Bentham, the ultimate standard for determining the morality of an action is:
A) The amount of happiness or pleasure produced
B) The will of God
C) The individual's intentions
D) The conformity to duty
  • 2. Which of the following best captures Bentham's view of pleasure?
A) Only pleasures that come from moral actions are good.
B) Pleasures are valuable only if they align with social customs.
C) Pleasures of the mind are superior to pleasures of the body.
D) All pleasures are equal in kind and can be measured in terms of quantity.
  • 3. In Bentham's utilitarianism, pain is considered:
A) A necessary part of human dignity
B) A moral evil to be avoided at all costs
C) A neutral element without moral significance
D) An opposite measure to pleasure in calculating utility
  • 4. A government considers whether to fund free healthcare or a luxury sports complex. Using Bentham's principle, which option is more likely to maximize utility?
A) Free healthcare, because it relieves suffering for many people
B) Sports complex, because it will generate higher profits
C) Both are equal, because pleasure is subjective
D) Neither, because morality is independent of pleasure
  • 5. Which of the following BEST illustrates the use of the felicific calculus?
A) A policymaker evaluates intensity, duration, certainty, and extent of happiness before passing a law.
B) A student chooses to study because it is their moral duty, regardless of results.
C) A teacher rewards students for good behavior to instill discipline.
D) A judge decides a case based on past rulings and precedents.
  • 6. If an action brings intense pleasure to a few people but minor pain to a large number of others, Bentham's utilitarianism would likely:
A) Reject the action because total pain outweighs total pleasure.
B) Approve the action since intensity matters most.
C) Approve the action if it was done with good intentions.
D) Reject the action because pain cannot be compared with pleasure.
  • 7. Which element of the felicific calculus measures how likely it is that pleasure will occur?
A) Certainty
B) Intensity
C) Propinquity
D) Purity
  • 8. Which situation BEST demonstrates the factor of extent in the felicific calculus?
A) A city planning a vaccination drive to protect thousands of residents.
B) A student deciding whether to cheat because it gives quick results.
C) A person choosing between eating cake now or exercising later.
D) A company reducing prices to compete with rivals.
  • 9. Suppose a law reduces crime but limits individual freedom. According to Bentham, its morality depends on:
A) The intention of lawmakers
B) Whether it produces more overall pleasure than pain
C) The fairness of the restriction
D) Whether people approve of it
  • 10. A student is deciding whether to spend time volunteering or watching movies. Using Bentham's calculus, the student would weigh factors such as:
A) Intensity, duration, certainty, purity, extent, fecundity, propinquity
B) Culture, tradition, obedience, respect
C) Duty, virtue, character, fairness, justice
D) Wealth, convenience, freedom, equality
  • 11. What is the best definition of "Natural Law*?
A) Rules created by religion
B) A moral law discovered by human reason and based on human nature
C) Laws passed by the government
D) Traditions followed by society
  • 12. Which of the following is a key characteristic of Natural Law?
A) It is universal and unchanging
B) It changes with time and culture
C) It is only for religious people
D) It depends on personal beliefs
  • 13. According to Natural Law, what guides human beings to know right from wrong?
A) Instinct
B) Emotion
C) Government authority
D) Reason
  • 14. Why is Natural Law important in ethics?
A) It focuses only on legal obedience
B) lt provides a universal standard for moral behavior
C) It promotes individual freedom above all
D) It rejects the idea of morality
  • 15. Which philosopher taught that the goal of life is "eudaimonia" or living a good life through virtue?
A) Plato
B) Socrates
C) Cicero
D) Aristotle
  • 16. Who described true law as "right reason in agreement with nature"?
A) Aquinas
B) Kant
C) Augustine
D) Cicero
  • 17. St. Thomas Aquinas believed that Natural Law is part of which greater law?
A) Civil law
B) Political law
C) Eternal law
D) Human law
  • 18. Which of the following best describes "Eternal Law"?
A) God's plan that governs all creation
B) The rules written in the Bible
C) Laws made by the state
D) Cultural customs
  • 19. Which of these is an example of "Human Law"?
A) Constitution of a country
B) Moral conscience
C) Law of gravity
D) Ten Commandments
  • 20. Aquinas said that unjust laws are_____________?
A) Laws that contradict reason and moral truth
B) Still valid and must be obeyed
C) Based on emotion and culture
D) More powerful than divine law
  • 21. How does Natural Law influence modern human rights?
A) It focuses only on government control
B) It teaches that rights come from human dignity and reason
C) It encourages moral relativism
D) It rejects moral obligations
  • 22. Which modern issue best shows the continuing relevance of Natural Law?
A) Weather forecasting
B) Online respect for others' dignity
C) Fashion trends
D) Sports competitions
  • 23. Which document reflects Natural Law principles in modern times?
A) The Bible
B) Universal Declaration of Human Rights
C) National Tax Code
D) Local traffic ordinance
  • 24. According to Natural Law, why is lying considered wrong?
A) It is unpopular
B) It is punishable by law
C) It is a religious offense
D) It breaks human communication and truth, which reason values
  • 25. Which of the following is a criticism of Natural Law?
A) It is too rigid and assumes one universal moral code
B) It supports cultural diversity
C) It ignores human reason
D) It denies the importance of ethics
  • 26. Which statement best reflects Aquinas view of a "just law"?
A) It must be easy to follow
B) It must favor the powerful
C) It must be approved by everyone
D) It must serve the common good
  • 27. What is one strength of Natural Law theory?
A) It bases morality on universal human reason.
B) It encourages selfishness
C) It changes according to culture
D) It rejects logic and reason
  • 28. Which current issue can be analyzed through Natural law principles?
A) Fashion trends
B) Movie preferences
C) Climate change and environmental protection
D) Sports results
  • 29. When a law discriminates against the poor, Natural Law would say it is:
A) Acceptable if it helps the rich
B) Just and should be obeyed
C) Unjust because it violates equality and reason
D) Neutral
  • 30. How does technology challenge Natural Law today?
A) It erases human dignity
B) It removes the need for morality
C) It forces people to apply reason to new ethical dilemmas
D) It replaces human laws
  • 31. What is the 2 main thinkers of natural law?
A) Aristotle/Cicero
B) Socrates/Aristotle
C) Kant/Cicero
D) Augustine/Kant
  • 32. Who systemize natural law?
A) Socrates
B) St. Thomas Aquinas
C) Aristotle
D) Cicero
  • 33. Not all but one is the characteristics of natural law?
A) Natural law
B) Human law
C) Unchanging/immutable inherent
D) Moral law
  • 34. All but one is not are the law created by St. Thomas Aquinas?
A) Moral law
B) Natural law
C) Eternal law
D) Divine law
  • 35. Which element of the felicific calculus measures how strong is the pleasure or pain?
A) Fecundity
B) Intensity
C) Duration
D) Propinquity
  • 36. Which element of the felicific calculus measures how long will it last?
A) Duration
B) Purity
C) Certainly
D) Extent
  • 37. Which element of the felicific calculus measures how soon will it occur?
A) Intensity
B) Propinquity
C) Purity
D) Fecundity
  • 38. Which element of the felicific calculus measures Will it lead to more of the same pleasure?
A) Purity
B) Fecundity
C) Duration
D) Certainly
  • 39. Which element of the felicific calculus measures Will it be free from pain?
A) Duration
B) Purity
C) Intensity
D) Propinquity
  • 40. Which element of the felicific calculus measures how many people will be affected?
A) Extent
B) Intensity
C) Duration
D) Certainly
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