GENED8
  • 1. According to Bentham, the ultimate standard for determining the morality of an action is:
A) The will of God
B) The amount of happiness or pleasure produced
C) The conformity to duty
D) The individual's intentions
  • 2. Which of the following best captures Bentham's view of pleasure?
A) Only pleasures that come from moral actions are good.
B) All pleasures are equal in kind and can be measured in terms of quantity.
C) Pleasures of the mind are superior to pleasures of the body.
D) Pleasures are valuable only if they align with social customs.
  • 3. In Bentham's utilitarianism, pain is considered:
A) A necessary part of human dignity
B) An opposite measure to pleasure in calculating utility
C) A neutral element without moral significance
D) A moral evil to be avoided at all costs
  • 4. A government considers whether to fund free healthcare or a luxury sports complex. Using Bentham's principle, which option is more likely to maximize utility?
A) Both are equal, because pleasure is subjective
B) Neither, because morality is independent of pleasure
C) Free healthcare, because it relieves suffering for many people
D) Sports complex, because it will generate higher profits
  • 5. Which of the following BEST illustrates the use of the felicific calculus?
A) A teacher rewards students for good behavior to instill discipline.
B) A student chooses to study because it is their moral duty, regardless of results.
C) A judge decides a case based on past rulings and precedents.
D) A policymaker evaluates intensity, duration, certainty, and extent of happiness before passing a law.
  • 6. If an action brings intense pleasure to a few people but minor pain to a large number of others, Bentham's utilitarianism would likely:
A) Approve the action if it was done with good intentions.
B) Reject the action because total pain outweighs total pleasure.
C) Approve the action since intensity matters most.
D) Reject the action because pain cannot be compared with pleasure.
  • 7. Which element of the felicific calculus measures how likely it is that pleasure will occur?
A) Purity
B) Propinquity
C) Certainty
D) Intensity
  • 8. Which situation BEST demonstrates the factor of extent in the felicific calculus?
A) A city planning a vaccination drive to protect thousands of residents.
B) A person choosing between eating cake now or exercising later.
C) A student deciding whether to cheat because it gives quick results.
D) A company reducing prices to compete with rivals.
  • 9. Suppose a law reduces crime but limits individual freedom. According to Bentham, its morality depends on:
A) The intention of lawmakers
B) The fairness of the restriction
C) Whether it produces more overall pleasure than pain
D) Whether people approve of it
  • 10. A student is deciding whether to spend time volunteering or watching movies. Using Bentham's calculus, the student would weigh factors such as:
A) Duty, virtue, character, fairness, justice
B) Intensity, duration, certainty, purity, extent, fecundity, propinquity
C) Culture, tradition, obedience, respect
D) Wealth, convenience, freedom, equality
  • 11. What is the best definition of "Natural Law*?
A) Rules created by religion
B) Traditions followed by society
C) Laws passed by the government
D) A moral law discovered by human reason and based on human nature
  • 12. Which of the following is a key characteristic of Natural Law?
A) It changes with time and culture
B) It is universal and unchanging
C) It is only for religious people
D) It depends on personal beliefs
  • 13. According to Natural Law, what guides human beings to know right from wrong?
A) Reason
B) Emotion
C) Government authority
D) Instinct
  • 14. Why is Natural Law important in ethics?
A) It promotes individual freedom above all
B) lt provides a universal standard for moral behavior
C) It rejects the idea of morality
D) It focuses only on legal obedience
  • 15. Which philosopher taught that the goal of life is "eudaimonia" or living a good life through virtue?
A) Plato
B) Cicero
C) Aristotle
D) Socrates
  • 16. Who described true law as "right reason in agreement with nature"?
A) Cicero
B) Augustine
C) Kant
D) Aquinas
  • 17. St. Thomas Aquinas believed that Natural Law is part of which greater law?
A) Civil law
B) Human law
C) Eternal law
D) Political law
  • 18. Which of the following best describes "Eternal Law"?
A) The rules written in the Bible
B) Laws made by the state
C) Cultural customs
D) God's plan that governs all creation
  • 19. Which of these is an example of "Human Law"?
A) Moral conscience
B) Constitution of a country
C) Law of gravity
D) Ten Commandments
  • 20. Aquinas said that unjust laws are_____________?
A) Based on emotion and culture
B) Still valid and must be obeyed
C) Laws that contradict reason and moral truth
D) More powerful than divine law
  • 21. How does Natural Law influence modern human rights?
A) It focuses only on government control
B) It rejects moral obligations
C) It teaches that rights come from human dignity and reason
D) It encourages moral relativism
  • 22. Which modern issue best shows the continuing relevance of Natural Law?
A) Weather forecasting
B) Sports competitions
C) Online respect for others' dignity
D) Fashion trends
  • 23. Which document reflects Natural Law principles in modern times?
A) Universal Declaration of Human Rights
B) National Tax Code
C) Local traffic ordinance
D) The Bible
  • 24. According to Natural Law, why is lying considered wrong?
A) It is unpopular
B) It is punishable by law
C) It breaks human communication and truth, which reason values
D) It is a religious offense
  • 25. Which of the following is a criticism of Natural Law?
A) It ignores human reason
B) It supports cultural diversity
C) It is too rigid and assumes one universal moral code
D) It denies the importance of ethics
  • 26. Which statement best reflects Aquinas view of a "just law"?
A) It must be approved by everyone
B) It must favor the powerful
C) It must serve the common good
D) It must be easy to follow
  • 27. What is one strength of Natural Law theory?
A) It rejects logic and reason
B) It encourages selfishness
C) It changes according to culture
D) It bases morality on universal human reason.
  • 28. Which current issue can be analyzed through Natural law principles?
A) Movie preferences
B) Sports results
C) Climate change and environmental protection
D) Fashion trends
  • 29. When a law discriminates against the poor, Natural Law would say it is:
A) Unjust because it violates equality and reason
B) Acceptable if it helps the rich
C) Just and should be obeyed
D) Neutral
  • 30. How does technology challenge Natural Law today?
A) It erases human dignity
B) It forces people to apply reason to new ethical dilemmas
C) It removes the need for morality
D) It replaces human laws
  • 31. What is the 2 main thinkers of natural law?
A) Kant/Cicero
B) Socrates/Aristotle
C) Aristotle/Cicero
D) Augustine/Kant
  • 32. Who systemize natural law?
A) Cicero
B) Aristotle
C) St. Thomas Aquinas
D) Socrates
  • 33. Not all but one is the characteristics of natural law?
A) Human law
B) Unchanging/immutable inherent
C) Natural law
D) Moral law
  • 34. All but one is not are the law created by St. Thomas Aquinas?
A) Divine law
B) Moral law
C) Natural law
D) Eternal law
  • 35. Which element of the felicific calculus measures how strong is the pleasure or pain?
A) Intensity
B) Duration
C) Fecundity
D) Propinquity
  • 36. Which element of the felicific calculus measures how long will it last?
A) Certainly
B) Purity
C) Duration
D) Extent
  • 37. Which element of the felicific calculus measures how soon will it occur?
A) Intensity
B) Fecundity
C) Propinquity
D) Purity
  • 38. Which element of the felicific calculus measures Will it lead to more of the same pleasure?
A) Certainly
B) Purity
C) Fecundity
D) Duration
  • 39. Which element of the felicific calculus measures Will it be free from pain?
A) Purity
B) Duration
C) Propinquity
D) Intensity
  • 40. Which element of the felicific calculus measures how many people will be affected?
A) Duration
B) Certainly
C) Extent
D) Intensity
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