GENED8
  • 1. According to Bentham, the ultimate standard for determining the morality of an action is:
A) The amount of happiness or pleasure produced
B) The conformity to duty
C) The will of God
D) The individual's intentions
  • 2. Which of the following best captures Bentham's view of pleasure?
A) Only pleasures that come from moral actions are good.
B) All pleasures are equal in kind and can be measured in terms of quantity.
C) Pleasures are valuable only if they align with social customs.
D) Pleasures of the mind are superior to pleasures of the body.
  • 3. In Bentham's utilitarianism, pain is considered:
A) A necessary part of human dignity
B) A neutral element without moral significance
C) An opposite measure to pleasure in calculating utility
D) A moral evil to be avoided at all costs
  • 4. A government considers whether to fund free healthcare or a luxury sports complex. Using Bentham's principle, which option is more likely to maximize utility?
A) Sports complex, because it will generate higher profits
B) Free healthcare, because it relieves suffering for many people
C) Both are equal, because pleasure is subjective
D) Neither, because morality is independent of pleasure
  • 5. Which of the following BEST illustrates the use of the felicific calculus?
A) A judge decides a case based on past rulings and precedents.
B) A student chooses to study because it is their moral duty, regardless of results.
C) A policymaker evaluates intensity, duration, certainty, and extent of happiness before passing a law.
D) A teacher rewards students for good behavior to instill discipline.
  • 6. If an action brings intense pleasure to a few people but minor pain to a large number of others, Bentham's utilitarianism would likely:
A) Approve the action since intensity matters most.
B) Reject the action because pain cannot be compared with pleasure.
C) Approve the action if it was done with good intentions.
D) Reject the action because total pain outweighs total pleasure.
  • 7. Which element of the felicific calculus measures how likely it is that pleasure will occur?
A) Certainty
B) Propinquity
C) Purity
D) Intensity
  • 8. Which situation BEST demonstrates the factor of extent in the felicific calculus?
A) A company reducing prices to compete with rivals.
B) A student deciding whether to cheat because it gives quick results.
C) A person choosing between eating cake now or exercising later.
D) A city planning a vaccination drive to protect thousands of residents.
  • 9. Suppose a law reduces crime but limits individual freedom. According to Bentham, its morality depends on:
A) The intention of lawmakers
B) Whether it produces more overall pleasure than pain
C) The fairness of the restriction
D) Whether people approve of it
  • 10. A student is deciding whether to spend time volunteering or watching movies. Using Bentham's calculus, the student would weigh factors such as:
A) Wealth, convenience, freedom, equality
B) Intensity, duration, certainty, purity, extent, fecundity, propinquity
C) Culture, tradition, obedience, respect
D) Duty, virtue, character, fairness, justice
  • 11. What is the best definition of "Natural Law*?
A) A moral law discovered by human reason and based on human nature
B) Laws passed by the government
C) Rules created by religion
D) Traditions followed by society
  • 12. Which of the following is a key characteristic of Natural Law?
A) It depends on personal beliefs
B) It changes with time and culture
C) It is universal and unchanging
D) It is only for religious people
  • 13. According to Natural Law, what guides human beings to know right from wrong?
A) Government authority
B) Emotion
C) Reason
D) Instinct
  • 14. Why is Natural Law important in ethics?
A) It focuses only on legal obedience
B) It promotes individual freedom above all
C) It rejects the idea of morality
D) lt provides a universal standard for moral behavior
  • 15. Which philosopher taught that the goal of life is "eudaimonia" or living a good life through virtue?
A) Plato
B) Socrates
C) Aristotle
D) Cicero
  • 16. Who described true law as "right reason in agreement with nature"?
A) Aquinas
B) Cicero
C) Augustine
D) Kant
  • 17. St. Thomas Aquinas believed that Natural Law is part of which greater law?
A) Civil law
B) Political law
C) Human law
D) Eternal law
  • 18. Which of the following best describes "Eternal Law"?
A) God's plan that governs all creation
B) The rules written in the Bible
C) Cultural customs
D) Laws made by the state
  • 19. Which of these is an example of "Human Law"?
A) Constitution of a country
B) Moral conscience
C) Law of gravity
D) Ten Commandments
  • 20. Aquinas said that unjust laws are_____________?
A) Still valid and must be obeyed
B) Laws that contradict reason and moral truth
C) More powerful than divine law
D) Based on emotion and culture
  • 21. How does Natural Law influence modern human rights?
A) It focuses only on government control
B) It encourages moral relativism
C) It rejects moral obligations
D) It teaches that rights come from human dignity and reason
  • 22. Which modern issue best shows the continuing relevance of Natural Law?
A) Sports competitions
B) Fashion trends
C) Online respect for others' dignity
D) Weather forecasting
  • 23. Which document reflects Natural Law principles in modern times?
A) The Bible
B) National Tax Code
C) Universal Declaration of Human Rights
D) Local traffic ordinance
  • 24. According to Natural Law, why is lying considered wrong?
A) It is a religious offense
B) It is unpopular
C) It breaks human communication and truth, which reason values
D) It is punishable by law
  • 25. Which of the following is a criticism of Natural Law?
A) It denies the importance of ethics
B) It ignores human reason
C) It supports cultural diversity
D) It is too rigid and assumes one universal moral code
  • 26. Which statement best reflects Aquinas view of a "just law"?
A) It must be easy to follow
B) It must serve the common good
C) It must be approved by everyone
D) It must favor the powerful
  • 27. What is one strength of Natural Law theory?
A) It bases morality on universal human reason.
B) It rejects logic and reason
C) It encourages selfishness
D) It changes according to culture
  • 28. Which current issue can be analyzed through Natural law principles?
A) Movie preferences
B) Climate change and environmental protection
C) Sports results
D) Fashion trends
  • 29. When a law discriminates against the poor, Natural Law would say it is:
A) Acceptable if it helps the rich
B) Unjust because it violates equality and reason
C) Just and should be obeyed
D) Neutral
  • 30. How does technology challenge Natural Law today?
A) It erases human dignity
B) It replaces human laws
C) It removes the need for morality
D) It forces people to apply reason to new ethical dilemmas
  • 31. What is the 2 main thinkers of natural law?
A) Kant/Cicero
B) Socrates/Aristotle
C) Aristotle/Cicero
D) Augustine/Kant
  • 32. Who systemize natural law?
A) Aristotle
B) St. Thomas Aquinas
C) Cicero
D) Socrates
  • 33. Not all but one is the characteristics of natural law?
A) Unchanging/immutable inherent
B) Natural law
C) Human law
D) Moral law
  • 34. All but one is not are the law created by St. Thomas Aquinas?
A) Moral law
B) Natural law
C) Divine law
D) Eternal law
  • 35. Which element of the felicific calculus measures how strong is the pleasure or pain?
A) Intensity
B) Propinquity
C) Fecundity
D) Duration
  • 36. Which element of the felicific calculus measures how long will it last?
A) Duration
B) Purity
C) Extent
D) Certainly
  • 37. Which element of the felicific calculus measures how soon will it occur?
A) Intensity
B) Propinquity
C) Purity
D) Fecundity
  • 38. Which element of the felicific calculus measures Will it lead to more of the same pleasure?
A) Duration
B) Fecundity
C) Purity
D) Certainly
  • 39. Which element of the felicific calculus measures Will it be free from pain?
A) Intensity
B) Duration
C) Purity
D) Propinquity
  • 40. Which element of the felicific calculus measures how many people will be affected?
A) Certainly
B) Duration
C) Intensity
D) Extent
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