GENED8
  • 1. According to Bentham, the ultimate standard for determining the morality of an action is:
A) The individual's intentions
B) The amount of happiness or pleasure produced
C) The will of God
D) The conformity to duty
  • 2. Which of the following best captures Bentham's view of pleasure?
A) Pleasures of the mind are superior to pleasures of the body.
B) Pleasures are valuable only if they align with social customs.
C) Only pleasures that come from moral actions are good.
D) All pleasures are equal in kind and can be measured in terms of quantity.
  • 3. In Bentham's utilitarianism, pain is considered:
A) An opposite measure to pleasure in calculating utility
B) A neutral element without moral significance
C) A necessary part of human dignity
D) A moral evil to be avoided at all costs
  • 4. A government considers whether to fund free healthcare or a luxury sports complex. Using Bentham's principle, which option is more likely to maximize utility?
A) Free healthcare, because it relieves suffering for many people
B) Both are equal, because pleasure is subjective
C) Sports complex, because it will generate higher profits
D) Neither, because morality is independent of pleasure
  • 5. Which of the following BEST illustrates the use of the felicific calculus?
A) A student chooses to study because it is their moral duty, regardless of results.
B) A judge decides a case based on past rulings and precedents.
C) A policymaker evaluates intensity, duration, certainty, and extent of happiness before passing a law.
D) A teacher rewards students for good behavior to instill discipline.
  • 6. If an action brings intense pleasure to a few people but minor pain to a large number of others, Bentham's utilitarianism would likely:
A) Reject the action because total pain outweighs total pleasure.
B) Reject the action because pain cannot be compared with pleasure.
C) Approve the action if it was done with good intentions.
D) Approve the action since intensity matters most.
  • 7. Which element of the felicific calculus measures how likely it is that pleasure will occur?
A) Propinquity
B) Purity
C) Certainty
D) Intensity
  • 8. Which situation BEST demonstrates the factor of extent in the felicific calculus?
A) A person choosing between eating cake now or exercising later.
B) A company reducing prices to compete with rivals.
C) A city planning a vaccination drive to protect thousands of residents.
D) A student deciding whether to cheat because it gives quick results.
  • 9. Suppose a law reduces crime but limits individual freedom. According to Bentham, its morality depends on:
A) Whether people approve of it
B) The fairness of the restriction
C) The intention of lawmakers
D) Whether it produces more overall pleasure than pain
  • 10. A student is deciding whether to spend time volunteering or watching movies. Using Bentham's calculus, the student would weigh factors such as:
A) Intensity, duration, certainty, purity, extent, fecundity, propinquity
B) Culture, tradition, obedience, respect
C) Wealth, convenience, freedom, equality
D) Duty, virtue, character, fairness, justice
  • 11. What is the best definition of "Natural Law*?
A) Traditions followed by society
B) Rules created by religion
C) A moral law discovered by human reason and based on human nature
D) Laws passed by the government
  • 12. Which of the following is a key characteristic of Natural Law?
A) It is universal and unchanging
B) It depends on personal beliefs
C) It changes with time and culture
D) It is only for religious people
  • 13. According to Natural Law, what guides human beings to know right from wrong?
A) Government authority
B) Reason
C) Emotion
D) Instinct
  • 14. Why is Natural Law important in ethics?
A) It promotes individual freedom above all
B) It rejects the idea of morality
C) It focuses only on legal obedience
D) lt provides a universal standard for moral behavior
  • 15. Which philosopher taught that the goal of life is "eudaimonia" or living a good life through virtue?
A) Socrates
B) Plato
C) Cicero
D) Aristotle
  • 16. Who described true law as "right reason in agreement with nature"?
A) Augustine
B) Aquinas
C) Cicero
D) Kant
  • 17. St. Thomas Aquinas believed that Natural Law is part of which greater law?
A) Civil law
B) Political law
C) Eternal law
D) Human law
  • 18. Which of the following best describes "Eternal Law"?
A) The rules written in the Bible
B) Laws made by the state
C) God's plan that governs all creation
D) Cultural customs
  • 19. Which of these is an example of "Human Law"?
A) Ten Commandments
B) Constitution of a country
C) Law of gravity
D) Moral conscience
  • 20. Aquinas said that unjust laws are_____________?
A) More powerful than divine law
B) Still valid and must be obeyed
C) Laws that contradict reason and moral truth
D) Based on emotion and culture
  • 21. How does Natural Law influence modern human rights?
A) It teaches that rights come from human dignity and reason
B) It rejects moral obligations
C) It focuses only on government control
D) It encourages moral relativism
  • 22. Which modern issue best shows the continuing relevance of Natural Law?
A) Sports competitions
B) Fashion trends
C) Online respect for others' dignity
D) Weather forecasting
  • 23. Which document reflects Natural Law principles in modern times?
A) Universal Declaration of Human Rights
B) The Bible
C) National Tax Code
D) Local traffic ordinance
  • 24. According to Natural Law, why is lying considered wrong?
A) It is punishable by law
B) It breaks human communication and truth, which reason values
C) It is a religious offense
D) It is unpopular
  • 25. Which of the following is a criticism of Natural Law?
A) It supports cultural diversity
B) It ignores human reason
C) It denies the importance of ethics
D) It is too rigid and assumes one universal moral code
  • 26. Which statement best reflects Aquinas view of a "just law"?
A) It must be easy to follow
B) It must be approved by everyone
C) It must serve the common good
D) It must favor the powerful
  • 27. What is one strength of Natural Law theory?
A) It rejects logic and reason
B) It encourages selfishness
C) It bases morality on universal human reason.
D) It changes according to culture
  • 28. Which current issue can be analyzed through Natural law principles?
A) Sports results
B) Fashion trends
C) Climate change and environmental protection
D) Movie preferences
  • 29. When a law discriminates against the poor, Natural Law would say it is:
A) Neutral
B) Unjust because it violates equality and reason
C) Acceptable if it helps the rich
D) Just and should be obeyed
  • 30. How does technology challenge Natural Law today?
A) It removes the need for morality
B) It forces people to apply reason to new ethical dilemmas
C) It replaces human laws
D) It erases human dignity
  • 31. What is the 2 main thinkers of natural law?
A) Aristotle/Cicero
B) Socrates/Aristotle
C) Augustine/Kant
D) Kant/Cicero
  • 32. Who systemize natural law?
A) Socrates
B) St. Thomas Aquinas
C) Cicero
D) Aristotle
  • 33. Not all but one is the characteristics of natural law?
A) Natural law
B) Unchanging/immutable inherent
C) Moral law
D) Human law
  • 34. All but one is not are the law created by St. Thomas Aquinas?
A) Eternal law
B) Natural law
C) Divine law
D) Moral law
  • 35. Which element of the felicific calculus measures how strong is the pleasure or pain?
A) Duration
B) Intensity
C) Fecundity
D) Propinquity
  • 36. Which element of the felicific calculus measures how long will it last?
A) Extent
B) Duration
C) Certainly
D) Purity
  • 37. Which element of the felicific calculus measures how soon will it occur?
A) Fecundity
B) Propinquity
C) Intensity
D) Purity
  • 38. Which element of the felicific calculus measures Will it lead to more of the same pleasure?
A) Duration
B) Certainly
C) Purity
D) Fecundity
  • 39. Which element of the felicific calculus measures Will it be free from pain?
A) Intensity
B) Purity
C) Propinquity
D) Duration
  • 40. Which element of the felicific calculus measures how many people will be affected?
A) Intensity
B) Duration
C) Extent
D) Certainly
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