GENED8
  • 1. According to Bentham, the ultimate standard for determining the morality of an action is:
A) The individual's intentions
B) The will of God
C) The amount of happiness or pleasure produced
D) The conformity to duty
  • 2. Which of the following best captures Bentham's view of pleasure?
A) All pleasures are equal in kind and can be measured in terms of quantity.
B) Pleasures of the mind are superior to pleasures of the body.
C) Only pleasures that come from moral actions are good.
D) Pleasures are valuable only if they align with social customs.
  • 3. In Bentham's utilitarianism, pain is considered:
A) A moral evil to be avoided at all costs
B) An opposite measure to pleasure in calculating utility
C) A necessary part of human dignity
D) A neutral element without moral significance
  • 4. A government considers whether to fund free healthcare or a luxury sports complex. Using Bentham's principle, which option is more likely to maximize utility?
A) Neither, because morality is independent of pleasure
B) Both are equal, because pleasure is subjective
C) Free healthcare, because it relieves suffering for many people
D) Sports complex, because it will generate higher profits
  • 5. Which of the following BEST illustrates the use of the felicific calculus?
A) A judge decides a case based on past rulings and precedents.
B) A policymaker evaluates intensity, duration, certainty, and extent of happiness before passing a law.
C) A student chooses to study because it is their moral duty, regardless of results.
D) A teacher rewards students for good behavior to instill discipline.
  • 6. If an action brings intense pleasure to a few people but minor pain to a large number of others, Bentham's utilitarianism would likely:
A) Reject the action because total pain outweighs total pleasure.
B) Approve the action since intensity matters most.
C) Approve the action if it was done with good intentions.
D) Reject the action because pain cannot be compared with pleasure.
  • 7. Which element of the felicific calculus measures how likely it is that pleasure will occur?
A) Intensity
B) Purity
C) Propinquity
D) Certainty
  • 8. Which situation BEST demonstrates the factor of extent in the felicific calculus?
A) A city planning a vaccination drive to protect thousands of residents.
B) A person choosing between eating cake now or exercising later.
C) A student deciding whether to cheat because it gives quick results.
D) A company reducing prices to compete with rivals.
  • 9. Suppose a law reduces crime but limits individual freedom. According to Bentham, its morality depends on:
A) Whether it produces more overall pleasure than pain
B) Whether people approve of it
C) The intention of lawmakers
D) The fairness of the restriction
  • 10. A student is deciding whether to spend time volunteering or watching movies. Using Bentham's calculus, the student would weigh factors such as:
A) Culture, tradition, obedience, respect
B) Wealth, convenience, freedom, equality
C) Intensity, duration, certainty, purity, extent, fecundity, propinquity
D) Duty, virtue, character, fairness, justice
  • 11. What is the best definition of "Natural Law*?
A) Laws passed by the government
B) Traditions followed by society
C) A moral law discovered by human reason and based on human nature
D) Rules created by religion
  • 12. Which of the following is a key characteristic of Natural Law?
A) It is only for religious people
B) It depends on personal beliefs
C) It changes with time and culture
D) It is universal and unchanging
  • 13. According to Natural Law, what guides human beings to know right from wrong?
A) Reason
B) Government authority
C) Instinct
D) Emotion
  • 14. Why is Natural Law important in ethics?
A) It promotes individual freedom above all
B) It rejects the idea of morality
C) lt provides a universal standard for moral behavior
D) It focuses only on legal obedience
  • 15. Which philosopher taught that the goal of life is "eudaimonia" or living a good life through virtue?
A) Plato
B) Aristotle
C) Socrates
D) Cicero
  • 16. Who described true law as "right reason in agreement with nature"?
A) Cicero
B) Kant
C) Augustine
D) Aquinas
  • 17. St. Thomas Aquinas believed that Natural Law is part of which greater law?
A) Civil law
B) Eternal law
C) Political law
D) Human law
  • 18. Which of the following best describes "Eternal Law"?
A) God's plan that governs all creation
B) The rules written in the Bible
C) Cultural customs
D) Laws made by the state
  • 19. Which of these is an example of "Human Law"?
A) Law of gravity
B) Constitution of a country
C) Ten Commandments
D) Moral conscience
  • 20. Aquinas said that unjust laws are_____________?
A) Laws that contradict reason and moral truth
B) Based on emotion and culture
C) Still valid and must be obeyed
D) More powerful than divine law
  • 21. How does Natural Law influence modern human rights?
A) It rejects moral obligations
B) It teaches that rights come from human dignity and reason
C) It focuses only on government control
D) It encourages moral relativism
  • 22. Which modern issue best shows the continuing relevance of Natural Law?
A) Fashion trends
B) Sports competitions
C) Online respect for others' dignity
D) Weather forecasting
  • 23. Which document reflects Natural Law principles in modern times?
A) National Tax Code
B) Local traffic ordinance
C) Universal Declaration of Human Rights
D) The Bible
  • 24. According to Natural Law, why is lying considered wrong?
A) It is punishable by law
B) It is unpopular
C) It is a religious offense
D) It breaks human communication and truth, which reason values
  • 25. Which of the following is a criticism of Natural Law?
A) It supports cultural diversity
B) It ignores human reason
C) It is too rigid and assumes one universal moral code
D) It denies the importance of ethics
  • 26. Which statement best reflects Aquinas view of a "just law"?
A) It must serve the common good
B) It must be approved by everyone
C) It must be easy to follow
D) It must favor the powerful
  • 27. What is one strength of Natural Law theory?
A) It rejects logic and reason
B) It changes according to culture
C) It encourages selfishness
D) It bases morality on universal human reason.
  • 28. Which current issue can be analyzed through Natural law principles?
A) Sports results
B) Fashion trends
C) Movie preferences
D) Climate change and environmental protection
  • 29. When a law discriminates against the poor, Natural Law would say it is:
A) Unjust because it violates equality and reason
B) Acceptable if it helps the rich
C) Neutral
D) Just and should be obeyed
  • 30. How does technology challenge Natural Law today?
A) It erases human dignity
B) It replaces human laws
C) It removes the need for morality
D) It forces people to apply reason to new ethical dilemmas
  • 31. What is the 2 main thinkers of natural law?
A) Aristotle/Cicero
B) Socrates/Aristotle
C) Augustine/Kant
D) Kant/Cicero
  • 32. Who systemize natural law?
A) Aristotle
B) Socrates
C) St. Thomas Aquinas
D) Cicero
  • 33. Not all but one is the characteristics of natural law?
A) Human law
B) Moral law
C) Natural law
D) Unchanging/immutable inherent
  • 34. All but one is not are the law created by St. Thomas Aquinas?
A) Divine law
B) Moral law
C) Natural law
D) Eternal law
  • 35. Which element of the felicific calculus measures how strong is the pleasure or pain?
A) Fecundity
B) Intensity
C) Duration
D) Propinquity
  • 36. Which element of the felicific calculus measures how long will it last?
A) Certainly
B) Extent
C) Purity
D) Duration
  • 37. Which element of the felicific calculus measures how soon will it occur?
A) Intensity
B) Fecundity
C) Purity
D) Propinquity
  • 38. Which element of the felicific calculus measures Will it lead to more of the same pleasure?
A) Fecundity
B) Duration
C) Certainly
D) Purity
  • 39. Which element of the felicific calculus measures Will it be free from pain?
A) Intensity
B) Purity
C) Duration
D) Propinquity
  • 40. Which element of the felicific calculus measures how many people will be affected?
A) Certainly
B) Extent
C) Intensity
D) Duration
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