 - 1. In what year was the Jewish Cultural Society established in Tallinn?
A) 1992
B) 1990
C) 1989
D) 1988
- 2. What type of school was established in 1989 as a starting point for Jewish education?
A) High school
B) Hebrew boarding school
C) Sunday school
D) Vocational school
- 3. In what year was the Jewish school with grades 1 through 9 established?
A) 1993
B) 1991
C) 1990
D) 1988
- 4. Besides Tallinn, where were Jewish culture clubs started?
A) Narva, Viljandi, and Võru
B) Tartu, Narva, and Kohtla-Järve
C) Pärnu, Võru, and Rakvere
D) Tallinn, Tartu, and Pärnu
- 5. Which sports society was established among the Jewish organizations?
A) Betar
B) Maccabi
C) Hapoel
D) Kivimäki
- 6. On what date was the charter of the Jewish community officially approved?
A) 11 October 1993
B) 11 April 1992
C) 1 March 1988
D) 16 May 2007
- 7. What was the Cultural Autonomy Act passed in 1993 based on?
A) The 1988 charter
B) The 1992 constitution
C) The 1945 mandate
D) The 1925 law
- 8. Which family established a residence in Võru after serving in the army of Alexander II?
A) The Abramovs
B) The Judaikens
C) The Rothschilds
D) The Levins
- 9. What was built by the Judaiken family in Võru in 1875?
A) A school
B) A synagogue
C) A factory
D) A library
- 10. What facilities are housed in the Tallinn synagogue opened in 2007?
A) A sanctuary, gymnasium, and cafe
B) A sanctuary, mikvah, and restaurant
C) A mikvah, office, and cultural center
D) A museum, library, and school
- 11. In what year did the Estonian Jewish Museum open to the public?
A) 2010
B) 2005
C) 2008
D) 2007
- 12. What happened to Holocaust monuments in Estonia in 2018?
A) They were relocated to a museum
B) They were torched and vandalized
C) They were removed by the government
D) They were officially renovated
- 13. What site was vandalized with swastikas in 2019?
A) The Tallinn Jewish Gymnasium
B) The Judaiken family synagogue
C) The Jewish Cultural Society building
D) The Jewish section of the Rahumäe Cemetery
- 14. What organization did the Jewish Cultural Society join as a founding member in 1988?
A) The Estonian Independence Committee
B) Union of the Peoples of Estonia
C) The Jewish Veterans Union
D) The Soviet Cultural Council
- 15. In what year was the Jewish community's cultural autonomy in Estonia liquidated?
A) 1941
B) 1944
C) 1940
D) 1939
- 16. Approximately what percentage of the Jewish population was deported by the Soviets in June 1941?
A) 5%
B) 10%
C) 50%
D) 25%
- 17. Where were the Jews deported by Soviet authorities in 1941 sent?
A) Siberian prisons
B) Central Asia
C) German labor camps
D) GULAG camps in Russia
- 18. What percentage of Estonia's Jewish community managed to escape to the Soviet Union?
A) More than 75%
B) Exactly 50%
C) Less than 25%
D) About 90%
- 19. Which extermination squad was led by Martin Sandberger?
A) SS Division Nord
B) Einsatzgruppe A
C) Sonderkommando 1a
D) Gestapo Estonia
- 20. Who was the leader of Einsatzgruppe A?
A) Heinrich Himmler
B) Adolf Eichmann
C) Martin Sandberger
D) Walter Stahlecker
- 21. What was the standard excuse used for the 'cleansing' operations in Estonia?
A) Communist activity
B) Economic sabotage
C) Religious subversion
D) Refusal to serve in the military
- 22. At which conference was Estonia declared Judenfrei?
A) Yalta Conference
B) Munich Conference
C) Wannsee Conference
D) Berlin Conference
- 23. What was the largest concentration camp established by the Nazis in Estonia?
A) Tallinn Ghetto
B) Vaivara
C) Narva Camp
D) Kalevi-Liiva
- 24. Approximately how many foreign Jews were killed in Estonia after being deported there?
A) 10,000
B) 5,000
C) 25,000
D) 1,000
- 25. How many Jewish organizations existed in Estonia between 1944 and 1988?
A) Zero
B) Ten
C) Two
D) Five
- 26. How many Jews from Tallinn emigrated to Israel after the Six-Day War?
A) 1,500
B) 100
C) 400
D) 3,714
- 27. When did the war crimes trials for the murders at Kalevi-Liiva take place?
A) 1945
B) 1961
C) 1950
D) 1988
- 28. What was the approximate total Jewish population in Estonia before the war?
A) 10,000
B) 1,000
C) 20,000
D) 4,500
- 29. When were individual Jews first reported to be present in what is now Estonia?
A) 12th century
B) 18th century
C) 16th century
D) 14th century
- 30. Which Russian Tsar signed the 1865 statute that allowed certain Jews to settle outside the Pale of Settlement?
A) Nicholas I
B) Alexander III
C) Peter the Great
D) Alexander II
- 31. In what year was the Tallinn Jewish congregation founded?
A) 1830
B) 1883
C) 1866
D) 1901
- 32. When was the Tartu congregation established?
A) 1901
B) 1866
C) 1883
D) 1830
- 33. What happened to the major synagogues of Tallinn and Tartu during World War II?
A) Moved to Russia
B) Dismantled by the government
C) Converted into schools
D) Destroyed by fire
- 34. Who was the Estonian Jewish historian that documented a synagogue in Võru?
A) Nathan Ganns
B) Hirsch Aisenstadt
C) Moses Wolf Goldberg
D) Sara Teitelbaum
- 35. In what year was the Jewish Drama Club founded in Tartu?
A) 1917
B) 1918
C) 1920
D) 1925
- 36. Approximately how many Jews fought in the Estonian War of Independence?
A) 200
B) 3000
C) 100
D) 300
- 37. Which athlete was a 17-time champion in Estonian athletics?
A) Nathan Ganns
B) Moses Wolf Goldberg
C) Hirsch Aisenstadt
D) Sara Teitelbaum
- 38. What subject was taught starting in 1934 in the School of Philosophy at the University of Tartu?
A) Judaica
B) Russian history
C) Yiddish literature
D) Talmudic law
- 39. How many Jewish students were studying at the University of Tartu in the 1930s?
A) About 300
B) About 1000
C) About 50
D) About 100
- 40. Who headed the Board of Jewish Culture until the Soviet occupation in 1940?
A) Moses Wolf Goldberg
B) Sara Teitelbaum
C) Nathan Ganns
D) Hirsch Aisenstadt
- 41. Which Jewish organization presented the Estonian government with a certificate of gratitude for its cultural autonomy policy?
A) Keren Kajamet
B) Hasmonea
C) Maccabi
D) Beitar
- 42. In what year was Jewish cultural autonomy officially declared in Estonia?
A) 1918
B) 1926
C) 1925
D) 1920
- 43. Which language began replacing Russian in the Jewish public school in Tallinn from 1926?
A) Hebrew
B) Estonian
C) Yiddish
D) German
- 44. In which city was the rival Yiddish language school founded in 1928?
A) Tallinn
B) Tartu
C) Narva
D) Võru
- 45. How many Jews lived in Estonia in 1934?
A) 4381
B) 5120
C) 2203
D) 3203
- 46. What was the most common economic sector for the Jewish population in 1934?
A) Artisans
B) Commerce
C) Labourers
D) Services
- 47. Approximately how many physicians were in the Jewish population in 1934?
A) 16
B) Over 100
C) Over 80
D) 4
- 48. Who was the Rabbi of Tallinn during the 1930s?
A) Viktor von Mühlen
B) Konstantin Päts
C) Dr. Gomer
D) Lazar Gulkowitsch
- 49. Which magazine was banned by Konstantin Päts for inciting hatred?
A) Valvur
B) Bialik Farein
C) HeHalutz
D) The Jewish Chronicle
- 50. Who was appointed as the first Professor of Jewish Studies at Tartu University in 1934?
A) Lazar Gulkowitsch
B) Heinrich Gutkin
C) Viktor von Mühlen
D) Dr. Gomer
- 51. In what year was a faculty of Jewish Studies established at Tartu University?
A) 1937
B) 1934
C) 1933
D) 1936
- 52. Who was appointed to the Estonian upper parliamentary chamber in 1937?
A) Lazar Gulkowitsch
B) Heinrich Gutkin
C) Dr. Gomer
D) Viktor von Mühlen
- 53. Which Zionist youth movement offered pioneer training on Estonian farms?
A) Bialik Farein
B) Jewish Assistance Union
C) Jewish Goodwill Society
D) HeHalutz
- 54. What was the name of the Jewish cultural institute that performed plays and had a choir?
A) HeHalutz
B) Uzvanski
C) Bialik Farein
D) Valvur
- 55. How many Jews lived in Tartu according to the 1934 data?
A) 121
B) 188
C) 920
D) 248
- 56. What happened to the German Cultural Council in 1933?
A) It was merged with the Jewish Council
B) It was disbanded
C) It was expanded
D) It was renamed
- 57. Which percentage of the Jewish population received education at home?
A) 33%
B) 37%
C) 18%
D) 11%
- 58. What was the occupation of Viktor von Mühlen?
A) Artisan
B) Rabbi
C) Politician
D) Physician
- 59. What was the fate of Dr. Gomer during the German occupation?
A) He retired
B) He was murdered
C) He joined the university faculty
D) He escaped to England
- 60. How many Jewish residents were listed as living in Estonia in 1820?
A) 36
B) 1,523
C) 4,389
D) 1,929
- 61. What was the Jewish population in Estonia in 1918?
A) 36
B) 1,929
C) 1,523
D) 4,389
- 62. How many Jewish residents were there in Estonia in 1922?
A) 5,500
B) 1,929
C) 1,523
D) 4,389
- 63. In what year did the Estonian Jewish population reach 4,389?
A) 1959
B) 1934
C) 1922
D) 1918
- 64. When did the Jewish population in Estonia peak?
A) 1922
B) 1934
C) 2007
D) 1959
- 65. In which decade did the Estonian Jewish population experience a particularly sharp decline?
A) 1980s
B) 2000s
C) 1990s
D) 1950s
- 66. How many Jewish cemeteries are listed for the city of Tartu?
A) 4
B) 2
C) 3
D) 1
- 67. What was the total Jewish population in Estonia in 2007?
A) 4,389
B) 1,523
C) 1,900
D) 5,500
- 68. How many live births were recorded among the Estonian Jewish population in 2006?
A) 100
B) 12
C) 51
D) 36
- 69. What was the total number of deaths among the Estonian Jewish population in 2006?
A) 51
B) 26
C) 19
D) 12
- 70. What was the Jewish birth rate per 1000 in 2006?
A) 2.05
B) 26.84
C) 6.32
D) 5.50
- 71. What was the Jewish death rate per 1000 in 2006?
A) 6.32
B) 12.00
C) 2.05
D) 26.84
- 72. What was the net growth rate of the Estonian Jewish population per year?
A) -2.05%
B) -26.84%
C) 2.05%
D) -6.32%
- 73. Which city besides Tallinn and Tartu is listed as having a Jewish cemetery?
A) Tallinn-Nõmme
B) Sillamäe
C) Kärdla
D) Võru
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