2ND_QUARTER_MARCIANO_EARTH SCI_STEM11
  • 1. The process that breaks down rocks into smaller pieces is called
A) Erosion
B) Deposition
C) Sedimentation
D) Weathering
  • 2. Which of the following is a type of physical weathering?
A) Carbonation
B) Frost wedging
C) Hydrolysis
D) Oxidation
  • 3. The breakdown of rocks caused by reaction with oxygen is called
A) Hydration
B) Carbonation
C) Dissolution
D) Oxidation
  • 4. The peeling off of outer rock layers due to temperature changes is
A) Exfoliation
B) Frost wedging
C) Abrasion
D) Dissolution
  • 5. The process of dissolving minerals in water is called
A) Oxidation
B) Dissolution
C) Abrasion
D) Hydrolysis
  • 6. The type of weathering that changes rock composition is
A) Biological
B) Physical
C) Chemical
D) Mechanical
  • 7. The Earth’s temperature increases with
A) Depth
B) Distance from core
C) Latitude
D) Altitude
  • 8. Earth’s internal heat drives
A) Wind systems
B) Rain formation
C) Mantle convection and plate movement
D) Erosion
  • 9. The process by which rocks change due to heat and pressure is
A) Sedimentation
B) Weathering
C) Melting
D) Metamorphism
  • 10. Which is NOT a factor of metamorphism?
A) Solar radiation
B) Heat
C) Pressure
D) Chemical activity
  • 11. The force applied per unit area on rocks is called
A) Fault
B) Strain
C) Stress
D) Fold
  • 12. The stress that squeezes rocks together is
A) Friction
B) Compression
C) Shear
D) Tension
  • 13. The stress that pulls materials apart is
A) Compressional
B) Tensional
C) Shear
D) Pressure
  • 14. The bending of rock layers without breaking is
A) Faulting
B) Folding
C) Cracking
D) Fracturing
  • 15. The crack where rocks move past each other is a
A) Fold
B) Fault
C) Joint
D) Foliation
  • 16. When rocks slide horizontally, it’s caused by
A) Shear
B) Tension stress
C) Compression
D) Heat
  • 17. The idea that new ocean floor is formed at mid-ocean ridges is
A) Subduction
B) Seafloor spreading
C) Continental drift
D) Plate tectonics
  • 18. Who proposed the seafloor spreading hypothesis?
A) Harry Hess
B) James Hutton
C) Arthur Holmes
D) Alfred Wegener
  • 19. The age of ocean rocks increases as you move
A) Toward the trench
B) Randomly
C) Away from the ridge
D) Toward the ridge
  • 20. Evidence for seafloor spreading includes
A) Fossil evidence
B) Volcanoes only
C) Ocean currents
D) Magnetic patterns and rock ages
  • 21. The boundary where seafloor spreading occurs is
A) Transform
B) Convergent
C) Neutral
D) Divergent
  • 22. The molten material that creates new oceanic crust comes from
A) Crustal rock
B) Outer core
C) Mantle magma
D) Asthenosphere gases
  • 23. As the seafloor spreads, continents
A) Sink
B) Move together
C) Stay fixed
D) Move apart
  • 24. The youngest rocks on the seafloor are found
A) Near the trench
B) Near the ridge
C) In subduction zones
D) On continents
  • 25. Which technology helped discover seafloor spreading?
A) Sonar mapping
B) Telescope
C) Satellite
D) Microscope
  • 26. The weathering process accelerated by plants and animals is
A) Dissolution
B) Biological weathering
C) Hydrolysis
D) Carbonation
  • 27. The seafloor spreading theory helped explain
A) Plate tectonics
B) Earthquakes
C) Soil erosion
D) Climate change
  • 28. Which factor does NOT affect rock deformation?
A) Time
B) Color
C) Pressure
D) Temperature
  • 29. Metamorphism literally means
A) Melting of magma
B) Change in form
C) Rock destruction
D) Formation of sediments
  • 30. Which feature on Earth’s surface best shows the release of internal heat?
A) Canyon
B) Glacier
C) Volcano
D) Mountain ridge
  • 31. The heat responsible for volcanism originates from
A) Earth’s rotation
B) Sunlight
C) Earth’s interior
D) Gravitational pull
  • 32. The main cause of physical weathering in cold climates is
A) Freezing and thawing of water
B) Acid rain
C) Chemical reaction
D) Wind
  • 33. The main driving mechanism for seafloor spreading is
A) Convection currents in the mantle
B) Ocean waves
C) Gravitational pull
D) Wind pressure
  • 34. The rocks found near deep-ocean trenches are
A) Recently formed
B) Younger
C) The same age as ridge rocks
D) Older
  • 35. Magnetic reversals on the ocean floor are recorded as
A) Stripes parallel to the ridges
B) Vertical fractures
C) Circular patterns
D) Randomly oriented bands
  • 36. A granite rock exposed to alternating hot days and cool nights starts to crack and peel. What process is happening?
A) Physical weathering by abrasion
B) Chemical weathering by oxidation
C) Physical weathering by exfoliation
D) Chemical weathering by hydrolysis
  • 37. Rocks in a cold mountain region show cracks filled with ice in winter. What will most likely happen over time?
A) Ice will protect the rock from erosion
B) Ice will form new minerals
C) Cracks will close as ice melts
D) Repeated freezing will widen cracks
  • 38. A marble floor turns dull after years of contact with acidic cleaning agents. What type of weathering occurred?
A) Chemical
B) Biological
C) Mechanical
D) Physical
  • 39. If limestone turns into marble, what likely caused it?
A) Sediment compaction
B) Chemical weathering
C) Erosion by water
D) Intense heat and pressure
  • 40. A scientist observes symmetrical magnetic stripes on both sides of a mid-ocean ridge. What can she conclude?
A) The magnetic field is constant
B) The ridge is inactive
C) The ocean floor is ancient
D) Seafloor spreading is occurring
  • 41. Which real-life application of seafloor spreading theory helps predict natural hazards?
A) Predicting rainfall patterns
B) Identifying active earthquake zones
C) Estimating population growth
D) Locating mineral deposits
  • 42. Older oceanic crust sinks beneath continental crust because it is
A) Thicker and buoyant
B) Lighter and younger
C) Hotter and less dense
D) Cooler and denser
  • 43. A plant’s roots split apart a concrete wall. What type of weathering and stress caused this?
A) Physical and biological
B) Chemical and hydrolysis
C) Abrasion and mechanical
D) Thermal and exfoliation
  • 44. Acidic groundwater causes underground limestone to dissolve, forming a sinkhole. This is an example of
A) Physical abrasion
B) Carbonation and erosion
C) Oxidation
D) Chemical weathering and dissolution
  • 45. Why does magma tend to rise toward Earth’s surface?
A) It is less dense than surrounding rock.
B) It contracts as it cools.
C) It is denser than surrounding rock.
D) It is cooler and heavier.
  • 46. Two samples of granite weather differently, one exposed on a mountaintop, another in a humid valley. Which best explains this?
A) Gravity slows weathering in lowlands.
B) Rock composition varies with altitude.
C) Both samples weather equally.
D) Temperature and moisture affect weathering rate.
  • 47. A city engineer observes cracks in a mountain road caused by plant roots. What solution addresses the cause?
A) Spray water regularly
B) Cover surface with asphalt
C) Apply more concrete
D) Trim vegetation near road edges
  • 48. If two continental plates collide, what major structure will form?
A) Rift valley
B) Subduction zone
C) Mountain range
D) Ocean trench
  • 49. If the rate of seafloor spreading increases, what is the long-term effect?
A) The ocean floor cools faster.
B) Subduction slows down.
C) Continents converge.
D) Ocean basins widen faster.
  • 50. Scientists detect that the Atlantic Ocean floor is widening by 3 cm/year. What does this reveal about plate motion?
A) Earth’s crust is shrinking.
B) The process has stopped.
C) Subduction occurs at the ridge.
D) Plates move apart slowly but continuously.
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