2ND_QUARTER_MARCIANO_EARTH SCI_STEM11
  • 1. The process that breaks down rocks into smaller pieces is called
A) Deposition
B) Weathering
C) Sedimentation
D) Erosion
  • 2. Which of the following is a type of physical weathering?
A) Frost wedging
B) Oxidation
C) Carbonation
D) Hydrolysis
  • 3. The breakdown of rocks caused by reaction with oxygen is called
A) Hydration
B) Dissolution
C) Oxidation
D) Carbonation
  • 4. The peeling off of outer rock layers due to temperature changes is
A) Exfoliation
B) Frost wedging
C) Abrasion
D) Dissolution
  • 5. The process of dissolving minerals in water is called
A) Oxidation
B) Dissolution
C) Hydrolysis
D) Abrasion
  • 6. The type of weathering that changes rock composition is
A) Chemical
B) Physical
C) Mechanical
D) Biological
  • 7. The Earth’s temperature increases with
A) Altitude
B) Depth
C) Latitude
D) Distance from core
  • 8. Earth’s internal heat drives
A) Mantle convection and plate movement
B) Erosion
C) Rain formation
D) Wind systems
  • 9. The process by which rocks change due to heat and pressure is
A) Metamorphism
B) Weathering
C) Melting
D) Sedimentation
  • 10. Which is NOT a factor of metamorphism?
A) Solar radiation
B) Heat
C) Pressure
D) Chemical activity
  • 11. The force applied per unit area on rocks is called
A) Strain
B) Fold
C) Fault
D) Stress
  • 12. The stress that squeezes rocks together is
A) Shear
B) Friction
C) Compression
D) Tension
  • 13. The stress that pulls materials apart is
A) Pressure
B) Shear
C) Compressional
D) Tensional
  • 14. The bending of rock layers without breaking is
A) Cracking
B) Faulting
C) Folding
D) Fracturing
  • 15. The crack where rocks move past each other is a
A) Fold
B) Foliation
C) Joint
D) Fault
  • 16. When rocks slide horizontally, it’s caused by
A) Tension stress
B) Compression
C) Heat
D) Shear
  • 17. The idea that new ocean floor is formed at mid-ocean ridges is
A) Subduction
B) Plate tectonics
C) Seafloor spreading
D) Continental drift
  • 18. Who proposed the seafloor spreading hypothesis?
A) Alfred Wegener
B) James Hutton
C) Arthur Holmes
D) Harry Hess
  • 19. The age of ocean rocks increases as you move
A) Toward the ridge
B) Randomly
C) Toward the trench
D) Away from the ridge
  • 20. Evidence for seafloor spreading includes
A) Ocean currents
B) Fossil evidence
C) Magnetic patterns and rock ages
D) Volcanoes only
  • 21. The boundary where seafloor spreading occurs is
A) Neutral
B) Divergent
C) Transform
D) Convergent
  • 22. The molten material that creates new oceanic crust comes from
A) Mantle magma
B) Crustal rock
C) Outer core
D) Asthenosphere gases
  • 23. As the seafloor spreads, continents
A) Sink
B) Move together
C) Stay fixed
D) Move apart
  • 24. The youngest rocks on the seafloor are found
A) In subduction zones
B) Near the trench
C) On continents
D) Near the ridge
  • 25. Which technology helped discover seafloor spreading?
A) Telescope
B) Satellite
C) Microscope
D) Sonar mapping
  • 26. The weathering process accelerated by plants and animals is
A) Biological weathering
B) Carbonation
C) Hydrolysis
D) Dissolution
  • 27. The seafloor spreading theory helped explain
A) Plate tectonics
B) Soil erosion
C) Earthquakes
D) Climate change
  • 28. Which factor does NOT affect rock deformation?
A) Pressure
B) Color
C) Temperature
D) Time
  • 29. Metamorphism literally means
A) Rock destruction
B) Formation of sediments
C) Melting of magma
D) Change in form
  • 30. Which feature on Earth’s surface best shows the release of internal heat?
A) Canyon
B) Mountain ridge
C) Volcano
D) Glacier
  • 31. The heat responsible for volcanism originates from
A) Gravitational pull
B) Sunlight
C) Earth’s interior
D) Earth’s rotation
  • 32. The main cause of physical weathering in cold climates is
A) Freezing and thawing of water
B) Acid rain
C) Chemical reaction
D) Wind
  • 33. The main driving mechanism for seafloor spreading is
A) Gravitational pull
B) Ocean waves
C) Wind pressure
D) Convection currents in the mantle
  • 34. The rocks found near deep-ocean trenches are
A) Younger
B) Older
C) The same age as ridge rocks
D) Recently formed
  • 35. Magnetic reversals on the ocean floor are recorded as
A) Stripes parallel to the ridges
B) Randomly oriented bands
C) Circular patterns
D) Vertical fractures
  • 36. A granite rock exposed to alternating hot days and cool nights starts to crack and peel. What process is happening?
A) Physical weathering by exfoliation
B) Chemical weathering by oxidation
C) Chemical weathering by hydrolysis
D) Physical weathering by abrasion
  • 37. Rocks in a cold mountain region show cracks filled with ice in winter. What will most likely happen over time?
A) Ice will protect the rock from erosion
B) Repeated freezing will widen cracks
C) Ice will form new minerals
D) Cracks will close as ice melts
  • 38. A marble floor turns dull after years of contact with acidic cleaning agents. What type of weathering occurred?
A) Physical
B) Biological
C) Chemical
D) Mechanical
  • 39. If limestone turns into marble, what likely caused it?
A) Erosion by water
B) Intense heat and pressure
C) Chemical weathering
D) Sediment compaction
  • 40. A scientist observes symmetrical magnetic stripes on both sides of a mid-ocean ridge. What can she conclude?
A) The magnetic field is constant
B) The ridge is inactive
C) The ocean floor is ancient
D) Seafloor spreading is occurring
  • 41. Which real-life application of seafloor spreading theory helps predict natural hazards?
A) Identifying active earthquake zones
B) Predicting rainfall patterns
C) Locating mineral deposits
D) Estimating population growth
  • 42. Older oceanic crust sinks beneath continental crust because it is
A) Cooler and denser
B) Thicker and buoyant
C) Lighter and younger
D) Hotter and less dense
  • 43. A plant’s roots split apart a concrete wall. What type of weathering and stress caused this?
A) Abrasion and mechanical
B) Chemical and hydrolysis
C) Physical and biological
D) Thermal and exfoliation
  • 44. Acidic groundwater causes underground limestone to dissolve, forming a sinkhole. This is an example of
A) Physical abrasion
B) Carbonation and erosion
C) Chemical weathering and dissolution
D) Oxidation
  • 45. Why does magma tend to rise toward Earth’s surface?
A) It is cooler and heavier.
B) It contracts as it cools.
C) It is denser than surrounding rock.
D) It is less dense than surrounding rock.
  • 46. Two samples of granite weather differently, one exposed on a mountaintop, another in a humid valley. Which best explains this?
A) Gravity slows weathering in lowlands.
B) Temperature and moisture affect weathering rate.
C) Both samples weather equally.
D) Rock composition varies with altitude.
  • 47. A city engineer observes cracks in a mountain road caused by plant roots. What solution addresses the cause?
A) Apply more concrete
B) Spray water regularly
C) Trim vegetation near road edges
D) Cover surface with asphalt
  • 48. If two continental plates collide, what major structure will form?
A) Mountain range
B) Ocean trench
C) Subduction zone
D) Rift valley
  • 49. If the rate of seafloor spreading increases, what is the long-term effect?
A) Continents converge.
B) Ocean basins widen faster.
C) The ocean floor cools faster.
D) Subduction slows down.
  • 50. Scientists detect that the Atlantic Ocean floor is widening by 3 cm/year. What does this reveal about plate motion?
A) Plates move apart slowly but continuously.
B) Subduction occurs at the ridge.
C) The process has stopped.
D) Earth’s crust is shrinking.
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