2ND_QUARTER_MARCIANO_EARTH SCI_STEM11
  • 1. The process that breaks down rocks into smaller pieces is called
A) Erosion
B) Sedimentation
C) Deposition
D) Weathering
  • 2. Which of the following is a type of physical weathering?
A) Oxidation
B) Carbonation
C) Frost wedging
D) Hydrolysis
  • 3. The breakdown of rocks caused by reaction with oxygen is called
A) Hydration
B) Dissolution
C) Carbonation
D) Oxidation
  • 4. The peeling off of outer rock layers due to temperature changes is
A) Dissolution
B) Frost wedging
C) Exfoliation
D) Abrasion
  • 5. The process of dissolving minerals in water is called
A) Hydrolysis
B) Oxidation
C) Abrasion
D) Dissolution
  • 6. The type of weathering that changes rock composition is
A) Biological
B) Physical
C) Chemical
D) Mechanical
  • 7. The Earth’s temperature increases with
A) Latitude
B) Altitude
C) Depth
D) Distance from core
  • 8. Earth’s internal heat drives
A) Rain formation
B) Erosion
C) Mantle convection and plate movement
D) Wind systems
  • 9. The process by which rocks change due to heat and pressure is
A) Weathering
B) Sedimentation
C) Melting
D) Metamorphism
  • 10. Which is NOT a factor of metamorphism?
A) Heat
B) Chemical activity
C) Solar radiation
D) Pressure
  • 11. The force applied per unit area on rocks is called
A) Fold
B) Strain
C) Stress
D) Fault
  • 12. The stress that squeezes rocks together is
A) Compression
B) Shear
C) Tension
D) Friction
  • 13. The stress that pulls materials apart is
A) Pressure
B) Tensional
C) Shear
D) Compressional
  • 14. The bending of rock layers without breaking is
A) Faulting
B) Cracking
C) Fracturing
D) Folding
  • 15. The crack where rocks move past each other is a
A) Fold
B) Joint
C) Fault
D) Foliation
  • 16. When rocks slide horizontally, it’s caused by
A) Shear
B) Heat
C) Tension stress
D) Compression
  • 17. The idea that new ocean floor is formed at mid-ocean ridges is
A) Seafloor spreading
B) Subduction
C) Continental drift
D) Plate tectonics
  • 18. Who proposed the seafloor spreading hypothesis?
A) Alfred Wegener
B) Arthur Holmes
C) James Hutton
D) Harry Hess
  • 19. The age of ocean rocks increases as you move
A) Away from the ridge
B) Randomly
C) Toward the trench
D) Toward the ridge
  • 20. Evidence for seafloor spreading includes
A) Magnetic patterns and rock ages
B) Fossil evidence
C) Ocean currents
D) Volcanoes only
  • 21. The boundary where seafloor spreading occurs is
A) Neutral
B) Divergent
C) Transform
D) Convergent
  • 22. The molten material that creates new oceanic crust comes from
A) Asthenosphere gases
B) Outer core
C) Mantle magma
D) Crustal rock
  • 23. As the seafloor spreads, continents
A) Stay fixed
B) Move apart
C) Sink
D) Move together
  • 24. The youngest rocks on the seafloor are found
A) Near the ridge
B) In subduction zones
C) Near the trench
D) On continents
  • 25. Which technology helped discover seafloor spreading?
A) Satellite
B) Telescope
C) Microscope
D) Sonar mapping
  • 26. The weathering process accelerated by plants and animals is
A) Biological weathering
B) Carbonation
C) Dissolution
D) Hydrolysis
  • 27. The seafloor spreading theory helped explain
A) Soil erosion
B) Plate tectonics
C) Climate change
D) Earthquakes
  • 28. Which factor does NOT affect rock deformation?
A) Temperature
B) Color
C) Time
D) Pressure
  • 29. Metamorphism literally means
A) Formation of sediments
B) Change in form
C) Melting of magma
D) Rock destruction
  • 30. Which feature on Earth’s surface best shows the release of internal heat?
A) Mountain ridge
B) Canyon
C) Volcano
D) Glacier
  • 31. The heat responsible for volcanism originates from
A) Earth’s interior
B) Earth’s rotation
C) Sunlight
D) Gravitational pull
  • 32. The main cause of physical weathering in cold climates is
A) Acid rain
B) Freezing and thawing of water
C) Wind
D) Chemical reaction
  • 33. The main driving mechanism for seafloor spreading is
A) Ocean waves
B) Wind pressure
C) Convection currents in the mantle
D) Gravitational pull
  • 34. The rocks found near deep-ocean trenches are
A) Recently formed
B) The same age as ridge rocks
C) Older
D) Younger
  • 35. Magnetic reversals on the ocean floor are recorded as
A) Stripes parallel to the ridges
B) Circular patterns
C) Randomly oriented bands
D) Vertical fractures
  • 36. A granite rock exposed to alternating hot days and cool nights starts to crack and peel. What process is happening?
A) Physical weathering by abrasion
B) Chemical weathering by oxidation
C) Physical weathering by exfoliation
D) Chemical weathering by hydrolysis
  • 37. Rocks in a cold mountain region show cracks filled with ice in winter. What will most likely happen over time?
A) Repeated freezing will widen cracks
B) Ice will form new minerals
C) Ice will protect the rock from erosion
D) Cracks will close as ice melts
  • 38. A marble floor turns dull after years of contact with acidic cleaning agents. What type of weathering occurred?
A) Biological
B) Chemical
C) Mechanical
D) Physical
  • 39. If limestone turns into marble, what likely caused it?
A) Intense heat and pressure
B) Chemical weathering
C) Sediment compaction
D) Erosion by water
  • 40. A scientist observes symmetrical magnetic stripes on both sides of a mid-ocean ridge. What can she conclude?
A) Seafloor spreading is occurring
B) The magnetic field is constant
C) The ridge is inactive
D) The ocean floor is ancient
  • 41. Which real-life application of seafloor spreading theory helps predict natural hazards?
A) Predicting rainfall patterns
B) Locating mineral deposits
C) Identifying active earthquake zones
D) Estimating population growth
  • 42. Older oceanic crust sinks beneath continental crust because it is
A) Cooler and denser
B) Hotter and less dense
C) Lighter and younger
D) Thicker and buoyant
  • 43. A plant’s roots split apart a concrete wall. What type of weathering and stress caused this?
A) Abrasion and mechanical
B) Chemical and hydrolysis
C) Physical and biological
D) Thermal and exfoliation
  • 44. Acidic groundwater causes underground limestone to dissolve, forming a sinkhole. This is an example of
A) Chemical weathering and dissolution
B) Physical abrasion
C) Oxidation
D) Carbonation and erosion
  • 45. Why does magma tend to rise toward Earth’s surface?
A) It contracts as it cools.
B) It is denser than surrounding rock.
C) It is cooler and heavier.
D) It is less dense than surrounding rock.
  • 46. Two samples of granite weather differently, one exposed on a mountaintop, another in a humid valley. Which best explains this?
A) Temperature and moisture affect weathering rate.
B) Rock composition varies with altitude.
C) Both samples weather equally.
D) Gravity slows weathering in lowlands.
  • 47. A city engineer observes cracks in a mountain road caused by plant roots. What solution addresses the cause?
A) Spray water regularly
B) Trim vegetation near road edges
C) Cover surface with asphalt
D) Apply more concrete
  • 48. If two continental plates collide, what major structure will form?
A) Rift valley
B) Ocean trench
C) Mountain range
D) Subduction zone
  • 49. If the rate of seafloor spreading increases, what is the long-term effect?
A) Continents converge.
B) Ocean basins widen faster.
C) The ocean floor cools faster.
D) Subduction slows down.
  • 50. Scientists detect that the Atlantic Ocean floor is widening by 3 cm/year. What does this reveal about plate motion?
A) Plates move apart slowly but continuously.
B) Earth’s crust is shrinking.
C) Subduction occurs at the ridge.
D) The process has stopped.
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