2ND_QUARTER_MARCIANO_EARTH SCI_STEM11
  • 1. The process that breaks down rocks into smaller pieces is called
A) Sedimentation
B) Deposition
C) Erosion
D) Weathering
  • 2. Which of the following is a type of physical weathering?
A) Carbonation
B) Hydrolysis
C) Frost wedging
D) Oxidation
  • 3. The breakdown of rocks caused by reaction with oxygen is called
A) Carbonation
B) Oxidation
C) Hydration
D) Dissolution
  • 4. The peeling off of outer rock layers due to temperature changes is
A) Abrasion
B) Dissolution
C) Frost wedging
D) Exfoliation
  • 5. The process of dissolving minerals in water is called
A) Oxidation
B) Hydrolysis
C) Abrasion
D) Dissolution
  • 6. The type of weathering that changes rock composition is
A) Chemical
B) Physical
C) Biological
D) Mechanical
  • 7. The Earth’s temperature increases with
A) Depth
B) Altitude
C) Latitude
D) Distance from core
  • 8. Earth’s internal heat drives
A) Mantle convection and plate movement
B) Wind systems
C) Rain formation
D) Erosion
  • 9. The process by which rocks change due to heat and pressure is
A) Melting
B) Metamorphism
C) Weathering
D) Sedimentation
  • 10. Which is NOT a factor of metamorphism?
A) Pressure
B) Chemical activity
C) Solar radiation
D) Heat
  • 11. The force applied per unit area on rocks is called
A) Fault
B) Strain
C) Stress
D) Fold
  • 12. The stress that squeezes rocks together is
A) Friction
B) Shear
C) Tension
D) Compression
  • 13. The stress that pulls materials apart is
A) Compressional
B) Tensional
C) Pressure
D) Shear
  • 14. The bending of rock layers without breaking is
A) Fracturing
B) Cracking
C) Folding
D) Faulting
  • 15. The crack where rocks move past each other is a
A) Fold
B) Foliation
C) Joint
D) Fault
  • 16. When rocks slide horizontally, it’s caused by
A) Compression
B) Tension stress
C) Shear
D) Heat
  • 17. The idea that new ocean floor is formed at mid-ocean ridges is
A) Seafloor spreading
B) Plate tectonics
C) Subduction
D) Continental drift
  • 18. Who proposed the seafloor spreading hypothesis?
A) Alfred Wegener
B) Harry Hess
C) James Hutton
D) Arthur Holmes
  • 19. The age of ocean rocks increases as you move
A) Randomly
B) Toward the trench
C) Toward the ridge
D) Away from the ridge
  • 20. Evidence for seafloor spreading includes
A) Ocean currents
B) Volcanoes only
C) Fossil evidence
D) Magnetic patterns and rock ages
  • 21. The boundary where seafloor spreading occurs is
A) Divergent
B) Neutral
C) Convergent
D) Transform
  • 22. The molten material that creates new oceanic crust comes from
A) Mantle magma
B) Crustal rock
C) Outer core
D) Asthenosphere gases
  • 23. As the seafloor spreads, continents
A) Sink
B) Move together
C) Stay fixed
D) Move apart
  • 24. The youngest rocks on the seafloor are found
A) Near the trench
B) In subduction zones
C) On continents
D) Near the ridge
  • 25. Which technology helped discover seafloor spreading?
A) Microscope
B) Sonar mapping
C) Telescope
D) Satellite
  • 26. The weathering process accelerated by plants and animals is
A) Biological weathering
B) Dissolution
C) Carbonation
D) Hydrolysis
  • 27. The seafloor spreading theory helped explain
A) Earthquakes
B) Climate change
C) Plate tectonics
D) Soil erosion
  • 28. Which factor does NOT affect rock deformation?
A) Time
B) Pressure
C) Temperature
D) Color
  • 29. Metamorphism literally means
A) Melting of magma
B) Formation of sediments
C) Change in form
D) Rock destruction
  • 30. Which feature on Earth’s surface best shows the release of internal heat?
A) Glacier
B) Canyon
C) Volcano
D) Mountain ridge
  • 31. The heat responsible for volcanism originates from
A) Gravitational pull
B) Earth’s rotation
C) Sunlight
D) Earth’s interior
  • 32. The main cause of physical weathering in cold climates is
A) Acid rain
B) Chemical reaction
C) Wind
D) Freezing and thawing of water
  • 33. The main driving mechanism for seafloor spreading is
A) Convection currents in the mantle
B) Wind pressure
C) Gravitational pull
D) Ocean waves
  • 34. The rocks found near deep-ocean trenches are
A) The same age as ridge rocks
B) Younger
C) Recently formed
D) Older
  • 35. Magnetic reversals on the ocean floor are recorded as
A) Stripes parallel to the ridges
B) Randomly oriented bands
C) Vertical fractures
D) Circular patterns
  • 36. A granite rock exposed to alternating hot days and cool nights starts to crack and peel. What process is happening?
A) Chemical weathering by oxidation
B) Chemical weathering by hydrolysis
C) Physical weathering by abrasion
D) Physical weathering by exfoliation
  • 37. Rocks in a cold mountain region show cracks filled with ice in winter. What will most likely happen over time?
A) Cracks will close as ice melts
B) Ice will protect the rock from erosion
C) Repeated freezing will widen cracks
D) Ice will form new minerals
  • 38. A marble floor turns dull after years of contact with acidic cleaning agents. What type of weathering occurred?
A) Mechanical
B) Chemical
C) Physical
D) Biological
  • 39. If limestone turns into marble, what likely caused it?
A) Erosion by water
B) Intense heat and pressure
C) Sediment compaction
D) Chemical weathering
  • 40. A scientist observes symmetrical magnetic stripes on both sides of a mid-ocean ridge. What can she conclude?
A) The magnetic field is constant
B) The ocean floor is ancient
C) The ridge is inactive
D) Seafloor spreading is occurring
  • 41. Which real-life application of seafloor spreading theory helps predict natural hazards?
A) Locating mineral deposits
B) Predicting rainfall patterns
C) Estimating population growth
D) Identifying active earthquake zones
  • 42. Older oceanic crust sinks beneath continental crust because it is
A) Thicker and buoyant
B) Cooler and denser
C) Lighter and younger
D) Hotter and less dense
  • 43. A plant’s roots split apart a concrete wall. What type of weathering and stress caused this?
A) Abrasion and mechanical
B) Chemical and hydrolysis
C) Thermal and exfoliation
D) Physical and biological
  • 44. Acidic groundwater causes underground limestone to dissolve, forming a sinkhole. This is an example of
A) Physical abrasion
B) Oxidation
C) Chemical weathering and dissolution
D) Carbonation and erosion
  • 45. Why does magma tend to rise toward Earth’s surface?
A) It contracts as it cools.
B) It is cooler and heavier.
C) It is less dense than surrounding rock.
D) It is denser than surrounding rock.
  • 46. Two samples of granite weather differently, one exposed on a mountaintop, another in a humid valley. Which best explains this?
A) Rock composition varies with altitude.
B) Both samples weather equally.
C) Gravity slows weathering in lowlands.
D) Temperature and moisture affect weathering rate.
  • 47. A city engineer observes cracks in a mountain road caused by plant roots. What solution addresses the cause?
A) Cover surface with asphalt
B) Apply more concrete
C) Trim vegetation near road edges
D) Spray water regularly
  • 48. If two continental plates collide, what major structure will form?
A) Ocean trench
B) Mountain range
C) Rift valley
D) Subduction zone
  • 49. If the rate of seafloor spreading increases, what is the long-term effect?
A) Continents converge.
B) Subduction slows down.
C) The ocean floor cools faster.
D) Ocean basins widen faster.
  • 50. Scientists detect that the Atlantic Ocean floor is widening by 3 cm/year. What does this reveal about plate motion?
A) The process has stopped.
B) Earth’s crust is shrinking.
C) Plates move apart slowly but continuously.
D) Subduction occurs at the ridge.
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