2ND_QUARTER_MARCIANO_EARTH SCI_STEM11
  • 1. The process that breaks down rocks into smaller pieces is called
A) Weathering
B) Erosion
C) Sedimentation
D) Deposition
  • 2. Which of the following is a type of physical weathering?
A) Frost wedging
B) Oxidation
C) Hydrolysis
D) Carbonation
  • 3. The breakdown of rocks caused by reaction with oxygen is called
A) Hydration
B) Oxidation
C) Dissolution
D) Carbonation
  • 4. The peeling off of outer rock layers due to temperature changes is
A) Frost wedging
B) Exfoliation
C) Dissolution
D) Abrasion
  • 5. The process of dissolving minerals in water is called
A) Abrasion
B) Dissolution
C) Hydrolysis
D) Oxidation
  • 6. The type of weathering that changes rock composition is
A) Biological
B) Mechanical
C) Physical
D) Chemical
  • 7. The Earth’s temperature increases with
A) Altitude
B) Latitude
C) Depth
D) Distance from core
  • 8. Earth’s internal heat drives
A) Wind systems
B) Erosion
C) Mantle convection and plate movement
D) Rain formation
  • 9. The process by which rocks change due to heat and pressure is
A) Metamorphism
B) Melting
C) Sedimentation
D) Weathering
  • 10. Which is NOT a factor of metamorphism?
A) Heat
B) Solar radiation
C) Pressure
D) Chemical activity
  • 11. The force applied per unit area on rocks is called
A) Fold
B) Stress
C) Strain
D) Fault
  • 12. The stress that squeezes rocks together is
A) Shear
B) Compression
C) Tension
D) Friction
  • 13. The stress that pulls materials apart is
A) Pressure
B) Compressional
C) Shear
D) Tensional
  • 14. The bending of rock layers without breaking is
A) Cracking
B) Faulting
C) Folding
D) Fracturing
  • 15. The crack where rocks move past each other is a
A) Foliation
B) Joint
C) Fold
D) Fault
  • 16. When rocks slide horizontally, it’s caused by
A) Compression
B) Tension stress
C) Shear
D) Heat
  • 17. The idea that new ocean floor is formed at mid-ocean ridges is
A) Continental drift
B) Subduction
C) Seafloor spreading
D) Plate tectonics
  • 18. Who proposed the seafloor spreading hypothesis?
A) Harry Hess
B) Alfred Wegener
C) Arthur Holmes
D) James Hutton
  • 19. The age of ocean rocks increases as you move
A) Toward the ridge
B) Away from the ridge
C) Randomly
D) Toward the trench
  • 20. Evidence for seafloor spreading includes
A) Magnetic patterns and rock ages
B) Ocean currents
C) Fossil evidence
D) Volcanoes only
  • 21. The boundary where seafloor spreading occurs is
A) Convergent
B) Divergent
C) Transform
D) Neutral
  • 22. The molten material that creates new oceanic crust comes from
A) Mantle magma
B) Asthenosphere gases
C) Outer core
D) Crustal rock
  • 23. As the seafloor spreads, continents
A) Move apart
B) Move together
C) Sink
D) Stay fixed
  • 24. The youngest rocks on the seafloor are found
A) Near the ridge
B) In subduction zones
C) On continents
D) Near the trench
  • 25. Which technology helped discover seafloor spreading?
A) Microscope
B) Sonar mapping
C) Telescope
D) Satellite
  • 26. The weathering process accelerated by plants and animals is
A) Carbonation
B) Hydrolysis
C) Biological weathering
D) Dissolution
  • 27. The seafloor spreading theory helped explain
A) Climate change
B) Soil erosion
C) Plate tectonics
D) Earthquakes
  • 28. Which factor does NOT affect rock deformation?
A) Pressure
B) Temperature
C) Color
D) Time
  • 29. Metamorphism literally means
A) Rock destruction
B) Formation of sediments
C) Change in form
D) Melting of magma
  • 30. Which feature on Earth’s surface best shows the release of internal heat?
A) Mountain ridge
B) Canyon
C) Volcano
D) Glacier
  • 31. The heat responsible for volcanism originates from
A) Earth’s interior
B) Gravitational pull
C) Earth’s rotation
D) Sunlight
  • 32. The main cause of physical weathering in cold climates is
A) Acid rain
B) Chemical reaction
C) Wind
D) Freezing and thawing of water
  • 33. The main driving mechanism for seafloor spreading is
A) Convection currents in the mantle
B) Ocean waves
C) Gravitational pull
D) Wind pressure
  • 34. The rocks found near deep-ocean trenches are
A) Younger
B) The same age as ridge rocks
C) Recently formed
D) Older
  • 35. Magnetic reversals on the ocean floor are recorded as
A) Randomly oriented bands
B) Vertical fractures
C) Stripes parallel to the ridges
D) Circular patterns
  • 36. A granite rock exposed to alternating hot days and cool nights starts to crack and peel. What process is happening?
A) Chemical weathering by oxidation
B) Physical weathering by abrasion
C) Physical weathering by exfoliation
D) Chemical weathering by hydrolysis
  • 37. Rocks in a cold mountain region show cracks filled with ice in winter. What will most likely happen over time?
A) Cracks will close as ice melts
B) Ice will form new minerals
C) Ice will protect the rock from erosion
D) Repeated freezing will widen cracks
  • 38. A marble floor turns dull after years of contact with acidic cleaning agents. What type of weathering occurred?
A) Physical
B) Mechanical
C) Biological
D) Chemical
  • 39. If limestone turns into marble, what likely caused it?
A) Erosion by water
B) Sediment compaction
C) Intense heat and pressure
D) Chemical weathering
  • 40. A scientist observes symmetrical magnetic stripes on both sides of a mid-ocean ridge. What can she conclude?
A) The ridge is inactive
B) The magnetic field is constant
C) Seafloor spreading is occurring
D) The ocean floor is ancient
  • 41. Which real-life application of seafloor spreading theory helps predict natural hazards?
A) Identifying active earthquake zones
B) Predicting rainfall patterns
C) Estimating population growth
D) Locating mineral deposits
  • 42. Older oceanic crust sinks beneath continental crust because it is
A) Cooler and denser
B) Lighter and younger
C) Thicker and buoyant
D) Hotter and less dense
  • 43. A plant’s roots split apart a concrete wall. What type of weathering and stress caused this?
A) Thermal and exfoliation
B) Physical and biological
C) Chemical and hydrolysis
D) Abrasion and mechanical
  • 44. Acidic groundwater causes underground limestone to dissolve, forming a sinkhole. This is an example of
A) Chemical weathering and dissolution
B) Carbonation and erosion
C) Oxidation
D) Physical abrasion
  • 45. Why does magma tend to rise toward Earth’s surface?
A) It is cooler and heavier.
B) It contracts as it cools.
C) It is less dense than surrounding rock.
D) It is denser than surrounding rock.
  • 46. Two samples of granite weather differently, one exposed on a mountaintop, another in a humid valley. Which best explains this?
A) Both samples weather equally.
B) Gravity slows weathering in lowlands.
C) Rock composition varies with altitude.
D) Temperature and moisture affect weathering rate.
  • 47. A city engineer observes cracks in a mountain road caused by plant roots. What solution addresses the cause?
A) Spray water regularly
B) Apply more concrete
C) Cover surface with asphalt
D) Trim vegetation near road edges
  • 48. If two continental plates collide, what major structure will form?
A) Ocean trench
B) Rift valley
C) Subduction zone
D) Mountain range
  • 49. If the rate of seafloor spreading increases, what is the long-term effect?
A) The ocean floor cools faster.
B) Ocean basins widen faster.
C) Continents converge.
D) Subduction slows down.
  • 50. Scientists detect that the Atlantic Ocean floor is widening by 3 cm/year. What does this reveal about plate motion?
A) The process has stopped.
B) Subduction occurs at the ridge.
C) Earth’s crust is shrinking.
D) Plates move apart slowly but continuously.
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