2ND_QUARTER_MARCIANO_EARTH SCI_STEM11
  • 1. The process that breaks down rocks into smaller pieces is called
A) Erosion
B) Sedimentation
C) Weathering
D) Deposition
  • 2. Which of the following is a type of physical weathering?
A) Oxidation
B) Frost wedging
C) Carbonation
D) Hydrolysis
  • 3. The breakdown of rocks caused by reaction with oxygen is called
A) Hydration
B) Carbonation
C) Oxidation
D) Dissolution
  • 4. The peeling off of outer rock layers due to temperature changes is
A) Dissolution
B) Frost wedging
C) Exfoliation
D) Abrasion
  • 5. The process of dissolving minerals in water is called
A) Dissolution
B) Oxidation
C) Hydrolysis
D) Abrasion
  • 6. The type of weathering that changes rock composition is
A) Physical
B) Chemical
C) Mechanical
D) Biological
  • 7. The Earth’s temperature increases with
A) Altitude
B) Depth
C) Latitude
D) Distance from core
  • 8. Earth’s internal heat drives
A) Erosion
B) Rain formation
C) Wind systems
D) Mantle convection and plate movement
  • 9. The process by which rocks change due to heat and pressure is
A) Weathering
B) Sedimentation
C) Melting
D) Metamorphism
  • 10. Which is NOT a factor of metamorphism?
A) Solar radiation
B) Heat
C) Chemical activity
D) Pressure
  • 11. The force applied per unit area on rocks is called
A) Stress
B) Fault
C) Fold
D) Strain
  • 12. The stress that squeezes rocks together is
A) Tension
B) Compression
C) Friction
D) Shear
  • 13. The stress that pulls materials apart is
A) Shear
B) Pressure
C) Compressional
D) Tensional
  • 14. The bending of rock layers without breaking is
A) Fracturing
B) Faulting
C) Folding
D) Cracking
  • 15. The crack where rocks move past each other is a
A) Joint
B) Fault
C) Foliation
D) Fold
  • 16. When rocks slide horizontally, it’s caused by
A) Tension stress
B) Heat
C) Shear
D) Compression
  • 17. The idea that new ocean floor is formed at mid-ocean ridges is
A) Continental drift
B) Seafloor spreading
C) Plate tectonics
D) Subduction
  • 18. Who proposed the seafloor spreading hypothesis?
A) Arthur Holmes
B) Harry Hess
C) Alfred Wegener
D) James Hutton
  • 19. The age of ocean rocks increases as you move
A) Randomly
B) Toward the ridge
C) Away from the ridge
D) Toward the trench
  • 20. Evidence for seafloor spreading includes
A) Ocean currents
B) Magnetic patterns and rock ages
C) Volcanoes only
D) Fossil evidence
  • 21. The boundary where seafloor spreading occurs is
A) Convergent
B) Neutral
C) Transform
D) Divergent
  • 22. The molten material that creates new oceanic crust comes from
A) Outer core
B) Crustal rock
C) Mantle magma
D) Asthenosphere gases
  • 23. As the seafloor spreads, continents
A) Move apart
B) Stay fixed
C) Sink
D) Move together
  • 24. The youngest rocks on the seafloor are found
A) In subduction zones
B) Near the trench
C) Near the ridge
D) On continents
  • 25. Which technology helped discover seafloor spreading?
A) Telescope
B) Satellite
C) Microscope
D) Sonar mapping
  • 26. The weathering process accelerated by plants and animals is
A) Hydrolysis
B) Biological weathering
C) Dissolution
D) Carbonation
  • 27. The seafloor spreading theory helped explain
A) Earthquakes
B) Soil erosion
C) Climate change
D) Plate tectonics
  • 28. Which factor does NOT affect rock deformation?
A) Time
B) Pressure
C) Color
D) Temperature
  • 29. Metamorphism literally means
A) Rock destruction
B) Formation of sediments
C) Melting of magma
D) Change in form
  • 30. Which feature on Earth’s surface best shows the release of internal heat?
A) Glacier
B) Mountain ridge
C) Volcano
D) Canyon
  • 31. The heat responsible for volcanism originates from
A) Sunlight
B) Gravitational pull
C) Earth’s rotation
D) Earth’s interior
  • 32. The main cause of physical weathering in cold climates is
A) Chemical reaction
B) Freezing and thawing of water
C) Wind
D) Acid rain
  • 33. The main driving mechanism for seafloor spreading is
A) Ocean waves
B) Wind pressure
C) Gravitational pull
D) Convection currents in the mantle
  • 34. The rocks found near deep-ocean trenches are
A) Younger
B) Older
C) The same age as ridge rocks
D) Recently formed
  • 35. Magnetic reversals on the ocean floor are recorded as
A) Stripes parallel to the ridges
B) Vertical fractures
C) Circular patterns
D) Randomly oriented bands
  • 36. A granite rock exposed to alternating hot days and cool nights starts to crack and peel. What process is happening?
A) Physical weathering by abrasion
B) Chemical weathering by hydrolysis
C) Physical weathering by exfoliation
D) Chemical weathering by oxidation
  • 37. Rocks in a cold mountain region show cracks filled with ice in winter. What will most likely happen over time?
A) Ice will form new minerals
B) Repeated freezing will widen cracks
C) Ice will protect the rock from erosion
D) Cracks will close as ice melts
  • 38. A marble floor turns dull after years of contact with acidic cleaning agents. What type of weathering occurred?
A) Physical
B) Biological
C) Chemical
D) Mechanical
  • 39. If limestone turns into marble, what likely caused it?
A) Erosion by water
B) Intense heat and pressure
C) Chemical weathering
D) Sediment compaction
  • 40. A scientist observes symmetrical magnetic stripes on both sides of a mid-ocean ridge. What can she conclude?
A) Seafloor spreading is occurring
B) The ocean floor is ancient
C) The magnetic field is constant
D) The ridge is inactive
  • 41. Which real-life application of seafloor spreading theory helps predict natural hazards?
A) Estimating population growth
B) Identifying active earthquake zones
C) Locating mineral deposits
D) Predicting rainfall patterns
  • 42. Older oceanic crust sinks beneath continental crust because it is
A) Cooler and denser
B) Hotter and less dense
C) Lighter and younger
D) Thicker and buoyant
  • 43. A plant’s roots split apart a concrete wall. What type of weathering and stress caused this?
A) Abrasion and mechanical
B) Thermal and exfoliation
C) Chemical and hydrolysis
D) Physical and biological
  • 44. Acidic groundwater causes underground limestone to dissolve, forming a sinkhole. This is an example of
A) Chemical weathering and dissolution
B) Physical abrasion
C) Oxidation
D) Carbonation and erosion
  • 45. Why does magma tend to rise toward Earth’s surface?
A) It is cooler and heavier.
B) It is less dense than surrounding rock.
C) It is denser than surrounding rock.
D) It contracts as it cools.
  • 46. Two samples of granite weather differently, one exposed on a mountaintop, another in a humid valley. Which best explains this?
A) Temperature and moisture affect weathering rate.
B) Gravity slows weathering in lowlands.
C) Rock composition varies with altitude.
D) Both samples weather equally.
  • 47. A city engineer observes cracks in a mountain road caused by plant roots. What solution addresses the cause?
A) Apply more concrete
B) Trim vegetation near road edges
C) Spray water regularly
D) Cover surface with asphalt
  • 48. If two continental plates collide, what major structure will form?
A) Subduction zone
B) Ocean trench
C) Rift valley
D) Mountain range
  • 49. If the rate of seafloor spreading increases, what is the long-term effect?
A) Ocean basins widen faster.
B) Continents converge.
C) The ocean floor cools faster.
D) Subduction slows down.
  • 50. Scientists detect that the Atlantic Ocean floor is widening by 3 cm/year. What does this reveal about plate motion?
A) The process has stopped.
B) Subduction occurs at the ridge.
C) Plates move apart slowly but continuously.
D) Earth’s crust is shrinking.
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