Social Theory And Social Structure by Robert K. Merton

1. Which adaptation mode involves accepting cultural goals and means?

A) Rebellion
B) Retreatism
C) Innovation
D) Conformity

2. Merton's concept of 'manifest functions' refers to:

A) Latent consequences only
B) Intended and recognized consequences
C) Only social functions
D) Unintended and hidden consequences

3. What term describes a situation where society emphasizes certain goals but not all individuals have equal access to the means?

A) Conflict
B) Anarchy
C) Dysfunction
D) Strain

4. What is the basic unit of analysis in Merton's sociological theories?

A) The social structure
B) Individual personality
C) Cultural artifacts
D) Government policies

5. What is a key characteristic of innovators in Merton's typology?

A) They adhere to both goals and means
B) They seek completely new goals
C) They reject both goals and means
D) They accept cultural goals but reject means

6. According to Merton, which of the following is true about rituals?

A) Ritualistic behavior is always illegal
B) Ritualists accept the means but reject the goals
C) Ritualists create new goals and means
D) Ritualists are innovators

7. Merton contrasts individual behavior with which broader concept?

A) Psychological factors
B) Biological instincts
C) Social structure
D) Cultural norms

8. Merton categorized deviance into how many forms?

A) Three
B) Five
C) Two
D) Four

9. Merton distinguished between which two types of functions?

A) Normative and deviant functions
B) Primary and secondary functions
C) Structural and individual functions
D) Manifest and latent functions

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