Social Theory And Social Structure by Robert K. Merton

1. Which adaptation mode involves accepting cultural goals and means?

A) Rebellion
B) Conformity
C) Innovation
D) Retreatism

2. Merton's concept of 'manifest functions' refers to:

A) Intended and recognized consequences
B) Unintended and hidden consequences
C) Latent consequences only
D) Only social functions

3. What term describes a situation where society emphasizes certain goals but not all individuals have equal access to the means?

A) Anarchy
B) Dysfunction
C) Conflict
D) Strain

4. What is the basic unit of analysis in Merton's sociological theories?

A) Individual personality
B) Cultural artifacts
C) The social structure
D) Government policies

5. What is a key characteristic of innovators in Merton's typology?

A) They reject both goals and means
B) They seek completely new goals
C) They adhere to both goals and means
D) They accept cultural goals but reject means

6. According to Merton, which of the following is true about rituals?

A) Ritualists accept the means but reject the goals
B) Ritualists create new goals and means
C) Ritualistic behavior is always illegal
D) Ritualists are innovators

7. Merton contrasts individual behavior with which broader concept?

A) Social structure
B) Psychological factors
C) Biological instincts
D) Cultural norms

8. Merton categorized deviance into how many forms?

A) Two
B) Four
C) Five
D) Three

9. Merton distinguished between which two types of functions?

A) Structural and individual functions
B) Manifest and latent functions
C) Normative and deviant functions
D) Primary and secondary functions

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