Social Theory And Social Structure by Robert K. Merton

1. Which adaptation mode involves accepting cultural goals and means?

A) Conformity
B) Retreatism
C) Rebellion
D) Innovation

2. Merton's concept of 'manifest functions' refers to:

A) Only social functions
B) Intended and recognized consequences
C) Latent consequences only
D) Unintended and hidden consequences

3. What term describes a situation where society emphasizes certain goals but not all individuals have equal access to the means?

A) Conflict
B) Strain
C) Dysfunction
D) Anarchy

4. What is the basic unit of analysis in Merton's sociological theories?

A) Cultural artifacts
B) Individual personality
C) The social structure
D) Government policies

5. Merton distinguished between which two types of functions?

A) Normative and deviant functions
B) Primary and secondary functions
C) Manifest and latent functions
D) Structural and individual functions

6. Merton categorized deviance into how many forms?

A) Five
B) Two
C) Three
D) Four

7. What is a key characteristic of innovators in Merton's typology?

A) They reject both goals and means
B) They adhere to both goals and means
C) They accept cultural goals but reject means
D) They seek completely new goals

8. Merton contrasts individual behavior with which broader concept?

A) Cultural norms
B) Psychological factors
C) Social structure
D) Biological instincts

9. According to Merton, which of the following is true about rituals?

A) Ritualists create new goals and means
B) Ritualists accept the means but reject the goals
C) Ritualists are innovators
D) Ritualistic behavior is always illegal

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