Social Theory And Social Structure by Robert K. Merton

1. Which adaptation mode involves accepting cultural goals and means?

A) Retreatism
B) Rebellion
C) Innovation
D) Conformity

2. Merton's concept of 'manifest functions' refers to:

A) Only social functions
B) Latent consequences only
C) Unintended and hidden consequences
D) Intended and recognized consequences

3. What term describes a situation where society emphasizes certain goals but not all individuals have equal access to the means?

A) Anarchy
B) Dysfunction
C) Conflict
D) Strain

4. According to Merton, which of the following is true about rituals?

A) Ritualists create new goals and means
B) Ritualists are innovators
C) Ritualists accept the means but reject the goals
D) Ritualistic behavior is always illegal

5. Merton contrasts individual behavior with which broader concept?

A) Cultural norms
B) Psychological factors
C) Biological instincts
D) Social structure

6. What is a key characteristic of innovators in Merton's typology?

A) They accept cultural goals but reject means
B) They adhere to both goals and means
C) They reject both goals and means
D) They seek completely new goals

7. Merton categorized deviance into how many forms?

A) Five
B) Three
C) Four
D) Two

8. What is the basic unit of analysis in Merton's sociological theories?

A) Individual personality
B) Government policies
C) The social structure
D) Cultural artifacts

9. Merton distinguished between which two types of functions?

A) Manifest and latent functions
B) Primary and secondary functions
C) Structural and individual functions
D) Normative and deviant functions

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