Social Theory And Social Structure by Robert K. Merton

1. Which adaptation mode involves accepting cultural goals and means?

A) Conformity
B) Innovation
C) Rebellion
D) Retreatism

2. Merton's concept of 'manifest functions' refers to:

A) Only social functions
B) Latent consequences only
C) Unintended and hidden consequences
D) Intended and recognized consequences

3. What term describes a situation where society emphasizes certain goals but not all individuals have equal access to the means?

A) Anarchy
B) Strain
C) Dysfunction
D) Conflict

4. According to Merton, which of the following is true about rituals?

A) Ritualists are innovators
B) Ritualistic behavior is always illegal
C) Ritualists accept the means but reject the goals
D) Ritualists create new goals and means

5. Merton contrasts individual behavior with which broader concept?

A) Biological instincts
B) Psychological factors
C) Cultural norms
D) Social structure

6. What is a key characteristic of innovators in Merton's typology?

A) They adhere to both goals and means
B) They reject both goals and means
C) They seek completely new goals
D) They accept cultural goals but reject means

7. Merton categorized deviance into how many forms?

A) Five
B) Four
C) Three
D) Two

8. What is the basic unit of analysis in Merton's sociological theories?

A) Individual personality
B) The social structure
C) Government policies
D) Cultural artifacts

9. Merton distinguished between which two types of functions?

A) Primary and secondary functions
B) Normative and deviant functions
C) Manifest and latent functions
D) Structural and individual functions

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