Social Theory And Social Structure by Robert K. Merton

1. Which adaptation mode involves accepting cultural goals and means?

A) Rebellion
B) Conformity
C) Innovation
D) Retreatism

2. Merton's concept of 'manifest functions' refers to:

A) Unintended and hidden consequences
B) Latent consequences only
C) Intended and recognized consequences
D) Only social functions

3. What term describes a situation where society emphasizes certain goals but not all individuals have equal access to the means?

A) Dysfunction
B) Strain
C) Conflict
D) Anarchy

4. According to Merton, which of the following is true about rituals?

A) Ritualistic behavior is always illegal
B) Ritualists are innovators
C) Ritualists create new goals and means
D) Ritualists accept the means but reject the goals

5. Merton contrasts individual behavior with which broader concept?

A) Cultural norms
B) Psychological factors
C) Social structure
D) Biological instincts

6. What is a key characteristic of innovators in Merton's typology?

A) They adhere to both goals and means
B) They seek completely new goals
C) They reject both goals and means
D) They accept cultural goals but reject means

7. Merton categorized deviance into how many forms?

A) Four
B) Five
C) Two
D) Three

8. What is the basic unit of analysis in Merton's sociological theories?

A) Government policies
B) Cultural artifacts
C) The social structure
D) Individual personality

9. Merton distinguished between which two types of functions?

A) Structural and individual functions
B) Primary and secondary functions
C) Manifest and latent functions
D) Normative and deviant functions

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